The document discusses reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to retell what someone said without using their exact words. Several changes must be made, including changing verb tenses and time/place expressions. Modal verbs and pronouns may also need to be altered. Introductory verbs like "say" and "tell" are commonly used. Examples are provided for how different types of statements, questions, commands, and suggestions would be reported.

1. REPORTED SPEECH
EL ESTILO INDIRECTO

2. REPORTED SPEECH
ESTILO INDIRECTO
•El estilo indirecto se usa para contar lo que
alguien ha dicho sin citar expresamente sus
palabras.
•Para utilizar el estilo indirecto debemos
aprender una serie de cambios
•Además debemos utilizar un verbo
introductorio. Los más habituales son say,
tell o ask

3. CHANGES IN VERB TENSES
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
We go to school
PAST SIMPLE
She said they went to school
PRESENT CONTINOUS
we are going to school
PAST CONTINUOUS
she said they were going to school
PAST SIMPLE
we went to school
PAST PERFECT
she said they had gone to school
PRESENT PERFECT
we have gone to school
PAST PERFECT
she said they had gone to school
PAST PERFECT
we had gone to school
PAST PERFECT
she said they had gone to school
PAST CONTINUOUS
we were going to school
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
she said they had been going to
school

4. CHANGES IN MODAL VERBS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
CAN/ COULD
We can go to the theatre
COULD
she said that we could go to the
theatre
MAY/ MIGHT
we may go to the theatre
MIGHT
she said that we might go to the
theatre
MUST/ HAVE TO/ HAD TO
we must go to the theatre
HAD TO
she said we had to go to the theatre
WILL
we will go to the theatre
WOULD
she said we would go to the theatre

5. CHANGES IN TIME EXPRESSIONS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
NOW THEN
AT THAT MOMENT
TODAY THAT DAY
TONIGHT THAT NIGHT
YESTERDAY THE PREVIOUS DAY
THE DAY BEFORE
LAST WEEK THE PREVIOUS WEEK
THE WEEK BEFORE
A MONTH AGO THE PREVIOUS MONTH
THE MONTH BEFORE
NEXT WEEK THE FOLLOWING WEEK
THE WEEK AFTER
TOMORROW THE FOLLOWING DAY
THE DAY AFTER

6. OTHER CHANGES
NOTICE: YOU MAY ALSO HAVE TO CHANGE
PRONOUNS
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
HERE/ THERE THERE
THIS/ THAT THAT
THESE/ THOSE THOSE

7. THE VERBS "SAY" AND "TELL"
•SAY:
oHe said that it was a beautiful day (El verbo say no
lleva complemento indirecto)
oHe said to me that it was a beautiful day (Si lleva
complemento indirecto hay que introducir la preposición
"to")
•TELL
oHe told me that it was a beautiful day (El verbo tell
siempre lleva complemento indirecto)

8. REPORTED STATEMENTS
(AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENCES)
"I left my books here yesterday", Peter said (direct speech)
Peter said that he had left his books there the day before
(reported speech)
"I don't want to do my homework now", Lisa said (direct
speech)
Lisa said that she didn't want to do her homework then
Now it's your turn
• Click here
• Click here
• Click here
• Click here

9. REPORTED QUESTIONS
•YES/ NO QUESTIONS
o"Do you study English?", I asked Peter (direct speech)
oI asked Peter IF he studied English (reported speech)
o "Have you ever been in England?", I asked Lisa
oI asked Lisa IF she had ever been in England
•WH- QUESTIONS
o"What are you doing next Saturday?", I asked Peter
oI asked Peter WHAT he was doing the following
Saturday
o"Where did you spend your last holidays?", Lisa asked
me
oLisa asked me WHERE I had spend my last holidays

10. EXERCISES ON REPORTED
QUESTIONS
•Click here
•Click here
•Click here
•Click here
•Click here

11. REPORTED COMMANDS
(IMPERATIVOS)
"Go out of the class right now", the teacher told the student
The teacher told the student TO go out of the class right then
"Don't chew gum in class". the teacher told the student
The teacher told the student NOT TO chew gum in class
•Time to do exercises
oClick here
oClick here
oClick here

12. REPORTED INVITATIONS/
SUGGESTIONS
•Let’s go to the cinema, David suggested
•What/ how about going to the cinema?
•Why don’t we go to the cinema?
David suggested that we go to the cinema
David suggested going to the cinema

13. OTHER REPORTING VERBS
•For statements: admit, announce, answer,
apologise, claim, complain, declare, explain,
inform, insist, mention, offer, remind, reply
•For questions: enquire, request, want to know,
wonder
•For commands: demand, order, shout, warn
•For suggestions or invitations: advise, invite,
recommend, suggest