The document discusses different verbs used to report commands, offers, suggestions, advice, warnings, apologies and complaints that were previously spoken directly. It provides examples of changing direct speech to reported speech using these various verbs like "tell", "offer", "suggest", "advise", "warn", "apologize", and "complain". It also gives exercises to change examples from direct speech to reported speech and vice versa.

1. Reported Speech COMMANDS OFFERS SUGGESTIONS ADVICE WARNINGS APOLOGIES AND COMPLAINTS REMIND

2. “ COMMANDS” (Órdenes) We change the imperative form into an infinitive. We use a reporting verb that expresses command like tell or order. Don’t forget to include the indirect object Direct speech Imperative ‘ Stop speaking in class’ Reported speech Tell+ infinitive She told me to stop speaking in class. Direct speech Negative imperative ‘ don’t eat in class!’ the teacher said Reported speech Tell+ negative imperative The teacher told us not to eat in class.

3. “ Offers” (Ofrecimientos) We used “offer” when they offer us something For example: "Would you like a cup of tea ? " she said She offered me (to have)a cup of tea. Direct speech Will/would + like + ? “ would you like a cup of tea” She said Reported speech Offer + objects + noun She offered me a cup of tea Direct speech Could (Modal verb) Se utiliza (Offer + object + noun)

4. “ Suggestions”( sugerencias) Estructure: Suggest/recommend + Gerund / noun / Pronoun or “that”clause Suggestions can be expressed by: - Let’s…? - Why don’t we…? - Shall we…? - Why not….? Examples: -"Let´s go out" Peter said to me. (Direct speech) -Peter suggested going out. (Reported speech) - Peter suggested that we go out. (Reported speech)

5. “ Ask ”( Beg someone to do something) Estructure: Ask + indirect object / infinitive This is not a question, but a request or demand. Example: “ Could you show me your passport, please?” he said He asked me to show him my passport. “ Can you open the door, please?” She said She asked him to open the door.

6. “ Advice” (consejos) In this case we use the verbs advise + object + infinitive. For example: - “You should study harder if you want to pass the test” (Direct speech) - She advised me to study harder if I wanted to pass the test” (Reported speech) -In negative sentences we use “not” in front of the infinitive For example: "Don´t be late tomorrow" she advised me. (D.Speech). She advised me not to be late the following day. (Reported speech)

7. “ Warn” (Advertir) We use “warn” in reported speech when we warn people about something For example: “ Don’t swim out too far, boys”, I said He warned the boys not to swim out too far. Bill: "Don't drink so much or you'll get drunk!" Bill: "¡No bebas tanto que te vas a emborrachar!“ Bill warned Jack not to drink too much Bill le advirtió a Jack que no bebiera demasiado

8. “ Apologies” (disculpas) and “Complaints” (Quejas) We use “apologize” in reported speech when we apologize and “complain” to complain about something. For example: Karen: "I am very sorry for having insulted you in that way“ She apologized to her friend for having insulted her. “ This milkshake is too sweet!”, she said She complained about the milkshake She complained that the milkshake was too sweet.

9. “ Remind” (recordatorio) Structure: Remind +Sb (somebody) +to –inf Example: Jack: "Hey, Bill. Don't forget to mail this letter today!" Jack: "Oye, Bill. ¡No te olvides de enviar esta carta hoy!" Jack reminded Bill to mail that letter that day Jack le recordó a Bill que enviara una carta ese día

10. Verbs used in reported speech Verbs: advise, ask, beg, command, encourage, entreat, forbid, implore, invite, order, remind, request, urge, warn, threaten, promise, refuse, Structure: Remind +Sb (somebody) +to –inf Example: “ go on, apply for the job,” he said He encouraged me to apply for the job

11. Change the following from direct into Reported Speech  ” If I were you, I’d stop taking tranquilizers,” I said I advised him to stop taking tranquilizers.  “ Sorry, I didn't want to be late," He said He apologized for being late.  "The food is horrible," he said He complained the food was horrible.  “ Please, don’t take any risks,” said his wife. His wife begged him not to take any risks.  Don’t forget to order the wine,” said he. He reminded me to order the wine.  “ Eat much because you are very thin,” my friend told me My friend advised me to eat much because I was very thin.  ““ Let’s stop now” Mary suggested Mary suggested stopping then.

12. Change the following from direct into Reported Speech  He said, “lie down, Tom” He told Tom to lie down.  ” You had better not leave the car unlocked,” the police officer said. The police officer advised me not to leave the car unlocked.  “ Be careful crossing roads,” she said. She advised me to be careful crossing roads.  ” Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?”, he asked. He invited me to have lunch with him on Sunday.  ” Could you translate this for me, please?” I asked my friend. I asked my friend to translate that for me

13. Change the following sentences from Reported Speech into direct speech Tom suggested his girlfriend climbing to the top. “ Shall we climb to the top?” Tom asked his girlfriend. “ Let’s climb to the top” Tom invited Ann to come for a drive the following day. “ Would you like to go for a drive tomorrow, Ann?” Tom asked. She promised to be a quick as she could. “ I will be as quick as I can,” she promised. She told John not to be ridiculous. “ Don’t be so ridiculous, John!” He asked where she was going. “ Where are you going?” He said. He asked me if I knew Bill. “ Do you know Bill?” He said. The travel agent wanted to know whether I would go by air or sea. “ Will you go by air or sea?” the travel agent said.

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