This document provides information on ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It discusses the main types of ferrous metals which contain iron like steels, cast iron and wrought iron. It also discusses different types of steels based on their carbon content. Non-ferrous metals discussed include aluminum, lead, and copper. The document also mentions other non-ferrous metals and common alloys like brass and bronze. It provides details on the composition, properties and applications of these various metals.

1. M A N I S H A A G A R W A L
REPORT ON
FERROUS & NON-FERROUS
METALS

2. INTRODUCTION
 All such metals contain iron as their main
constituent are known as Ferrous metals.
 Non- ferrous metals do not contain iron as their
main constituent therefore they are not affected by
magnetism and also resistant for corrosion. These
are used in building industry.

3. FERROUS METAL
 STEELS- It is an alloy or
compound of iron and carbon in
the form of carbide of iron. It is an
intermediate stage between cast
iron and wrought iron. In steel
carbon content varies from 0.10%
to 1.10% maximum. If carbon
exceeds 1.50% , it means steel does
not combine with carbon and
presence of free graphite.
 It is used for trusses, beams, grills,
mechanical devices and sheets. The
increase of carbon percentage .
 There are three types of carbon
steel
1. Mild steel
2. Medium steel
3. High carbon steel

4. FERROUS METAL
 CAST IRON- It contains
carbon from 1.7 to 4.5%. It
is strong in compression
and weak in tension. It can
not be welded, roiled,
punched or riveted . It can
be melted and cast into
various shapes and rust
slowly.
 It is used for making
building column brackets,
spiral stair cases, manhole
covers , rain water pipes
and sanitary fittings

5. FERROUS METAL
 WROUGHT IRON- It is
almost pure iron and
contains carbon more than
0.15%. It is manufactured
in reverberatory furnace. It
is had and easily forged
and welded. It is replaced
by mild steel at present
there fore produced to a
very small extent.
 It is used for rivets, chains,
railway coupling, hand
rails, nails, bolts, and
ornamental gates.

6. STEEL
 MILD STEEL OR LOW CARBON STEEL- It is used
for engineering purposes and in general , none
specialized metal products. Ex. Moto bodies, tin plates,
sheet metal. It contain up to 0.10% carbon.
 Medium carbon steel - It contains carbon up to 0.
25% [ ex. Boiler plates, structural steel ], up to 0.45%[ ex.
Rails, tiers], up to 0.60%[ Hammers, large stamping and
pressing dyes]
 High carbon steel or hard steel- It contains carbon
up to 0.75% [ Sledge hammer, stamping dies, springs],
up to 0.90%[ Miners drills, mason’s tools], up to 1.0%[
Chisels', hammers, saws, wood working tools], up to
1.10% [ Axes, cutlery, drills, knives].

7. NON-FERROUS METAL
 ALUMINIUM- It is
silvery white lustrous
metal obtained from
BAUXITE . It is very soft
hence has to alloy with
other metals . Is a good
conductor of heat and
electricity.
 It is used for roofing,
window frames, glazing
bars, wires, panels, posts
and in paints.

8. NON- FERROUS METAL
 LEAD- It is obtained from ORE
known as Galena [PBS] that
contains about 86% lead. It is
soft metal which can be cut by
knife.
 It is bluish grey in silvery luster
when freshly cut and available in
free state. It is resistant to
atmosphere corrosion and not
affected by soil, sewage and
industrial wastes.
 It is used for roofing, gas pipes
water service pipes, cable
covering and ornamental works.
It is the only metal for making
bullets, shots. It is also used for
storage ceils, sanitary fitting,
cisterns water proof and proof
chambers.

9. NON FERROUS METAL
 COPPER is obtained from
copper pyrite ores. It contains
about 30% copper. It can be
rolled but can not be welded.
 Pure copper is of lustrous red
color, light, tough and good
conductor of heat and electricity.
It is highly resistant to
atmospheric corrosion.
 It is used for electric wires,
cables, roofing and
electroplating. It is also used
material for damping proof
course, flashing etc. It is also
used in manufacture of water
pipes, gutters, taps, taks,
hardware fittings, etc.

10. OTHER NON- FERROUS METALS
 Zinc
 Tin
 Nobel metals- gold, silver,
platinum,
 Cobalt
 Chromium
 Cadmium
 Nickel
 Magnesium
 Manganese
 Molybdenum
 Tungsten
 Vanadium

11. ALLOYS
 It is an intimate mixture of two
and more metals.
 BRASS- It is an alloy of mixture
of copper and zinc contains 65%
copper and 35% zinc.
 It resists corrosion but needs
regular cleaning. It is used for
door and window fittings,
household utensils and
hardware.
 BRONZE-It is an alloy of
copper, zinc and tin containing
80% copper. It is stronger and
superior to brass in corrosion
resistance but difficult to work
and more expensive. It is used for
frames, grills and hardware.

12. B Y
M A N I S H A A G A R W A L
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