Non ferrous alloys

2. SHONE JOHN

4.  Non ferrous alloys are alloys that are the by
products of non ferrous metals such as
aluminium, cobalt, lead, magnesium, titanium
and zinc. By definition, a non ferrous alloy is an
alloy that does not intentionally contain iron. In
general, non ferrous alloys are invested with
non metallic properties, have higher melting
point and better strength. These properties
make them a favoured choice for several
commercial and non commercial uses, including
automobile and aircraft parts, communication
equipment, water valves, musical instruments
and the manufacturing of flammables and
explosive.

6.  Pure copper has the best electrical and
thermal conductivity of any commercial
metal. Today, over half of the copper
produced is used in electrical and
electronic applications and this leads to
a convenient classification of the types
of copper into electrical (high
conductivity) and non-electrical
(engineering)

9.  Copper’s performance can be
expanded to suit many industrial
applications. This is achieved by
alloying: making a solid material out
of two or more different metals. By
combining copper with other metals,
alloys can be made to fit almost any
application.

10.  Brass is the generic term for a range of
copper-zinc alloys with differing
combinations of properties, including
strength, machinability, ductility, wear-
resistance, hardness, colour, antimicrobial,
electrical and thermal conductivity, and
corrosion-resistance.

11.  Bronze alloys are made from copper and tin,
and were the first to be developed about four
thousand years ago. They were so important
that they led to a period in time being named
the Bronze Age

12.  Gun metals are alloys of copper with tin, zinc
and lead and have been used for at least
2000 years due to their ease of casting and
good strength and corrosion resistance

13.  Copper-nickel alloys have excellent
resistance to marine corrosion and
biofouling. The addition of nickel to copper
improves strength and corrosion resistance,
but good ductility is retained.

14.  Nickel silver alloys are made from copper,
nickel and zinc, and can be regarded as
special brasses. They have an attractive
silvery appearance rather than the typical
brassy colour.

15.  Beryllium copper is the hardest and strongest of
any copper alloy, in the fully heat treated and
cold worked condition. It is similar in mechanical
properties to many high strength alloy steels
but, compared to steels, it has better corrosion
resistance

19. What is a microstructure?
Metals are crystalline when in the solid form. The crystal structure
of a solid metal refers to the internal structure or arrangement of
the atoms in an ordered, repeating, three dimensional pattern.
Normal metallic objects are polycrystalline, which means they
consist of an aggregate of many very small crystals. These
crystals are called grains. Some metallic objects, such as
castings, have very large grains that can be resolved with the
naked eye and these structures are referred to as
macrostructures. Typically, the grains of a metal object are very
small, and can not be viewed with the naked eye. The structural
features of the small grains are observed using an optical
microscope or metallograph, or an electron microscope, at
magnifications greater than 100 times. Structures requiring this
range of magnification for their examination are called
microstructures.

22.  Copper is a reddish metal,
 is very ductile
 Malleable
 has high electrical and heat
conductivity.
 It is used as a major element in
hundreds of alloys.
 it is very soft,
 it is very difficult to machine due to its
high ductility

25.  The principal use of commercially pure
copper is in the electrical industry where it
is made into wire or other such
conductors.
 It is also used in the manufacture of
nonferrous alloys such as brass, bronze,
and Monel metal.
 Typical copper products are
 sheet roofing,
 cartridge cases,
 bushings,
 wire,
 bearings,
 and statues.
 Used in Ornament making

27. Copper application areas cover a wide variety of
different disciplines
 Architecture
application of copper and copper alloy materials
in all aspects of architecture, both exterior and
interior ...
 Automotive
Copper is an essential component of many of
the latest design elements in today's cars.
 Electrical
Copper's high conductivity makes it the ideal
material in a wide variety of electical
applications including:
 Electrical Energy Efficiency
 Power Quality
 Building Wire