The document discusses different approaches to defining and understanding intelligence. It summarizes four main approaches: the psychometric approach, which involves measuring intelligence through tests; factor analysis and the concept of general intelligence ("g factor"); the cognitive approach, which focuses on the mental processes involved in intelligent behavior; and the implicit theory approach, which views intelligence as practical problem-solving abilities used in everyday life. It also discusses universal, group-specific, and individual factors that can affect intellectual development.

1. Good Morning…… Nina Joyce C. Macay

2. “INTELLIGENCE”

3. What is INTELLIGENCE?

4. INTELLIGENCE Is the capacity to think and understand. It includes the combination of various separate abilities which is the verbal communication, abstract thinking, logical reasoning and use of common senses.

5. Four Different ApproachesPsychometric ApproachFactor Analysis and General IntelligenceCognitive ApproachImplicit Theory Approach

6. Psychometric Approach Refers to measurement of hidden intelligence or mental characteristics. Through analysis of results of intelligence tests the structure of human intelligence is caused by one factor or a combination factors.The psychometric approach was established by British psychologist Charles Spearman

7. Factor Analysis and General IntelligenceThis approach is similar to the concept of “factoring” in mathematics where complex algebraic expressions are simplified to arrive at the common multiplier of all terms.

8. Factor analysis establishes the relation of different measures of intelligence.

9. Factor analysis will reveal a different common factor given particular situation.Two Factor Theory of IntelligenceG Factor means the General IntelligenceS Factor mean the intellectual task

10. Cognitive ApproachConcerns itself with the processes that result to intelligent behaviour. The products of intelligence come from mental operations that enable one to give answers to questions and solutions to problems.Robert Sternberg has argued that there is a joint operation of COMPONENT and METACOMPONENTS of intelligence.

11. COMPONENTMETACOMPONENTCOMPONENTS include all the cognitive processes that afford the person ability to respond to stimuli, store information, perform mental comparisons, arrive at solutions and engage in a system of recall from long term memoryMETACOMPONENTS are the higher-order processes that we use to analyze a problem and to pick a strategy for solving it.

12. Implicit Theory Approachasserts that intelligence is that which is used every day. A person manifest practical intelligence by trying to analyze situations, solve problems and interpret information by being conscious of the implications of his actions on other.Three Factors which Affect Modern Development, Psychologists point to Age-Related Changes – Universal, Group Specific and Individual

13. Universal ChangesUniversal changes are changes all individuals undergo as biological organism. We all go through the process of growth and maturation as we age.

14. All physical changes that happen from infancy to adulthood are programmed and re part of the plan for the physical body.“Right time to live an independent life”

15. Group – Specific ChangesGroup specific changes are changes manifested and observed from members growing up together in a particular group and hence influenced by the dominant culture. This includes a system of meaning, customs, language, values, attitudes, traits, laws, beliefs, morals guidelines and physical artifacts.Individual ChangesThese changes are typical of particular individuals and which result from unique, unshared events. Every individual is unique, a product of a unique combination of genes which sets him apart from anyone.Body TypeSkin Colour

16. Facial Contours

17. Other Individual differencesCritical Period – is the stage at which an individual is most sensitive to the presence or absence of some particular experience.Sensitive Period – is the stage at which a child may be particularly responsive to specific forms of experience or particularly influenced by their absence.

18. Thank You……. 