The document outlines the philosophical, historical, and sociological bases of inclusive education, emphasizing the distinctions between inclusivity and equality. It discusses the principles of inclusivity that advocate for respect and adjustment to meet individual needs, while equality focuses on fair access and resource distribution. Additionally, it highlights international conventions and goals aimed at ensuring quality education for all, addressing gender disparities, and promoting a rights-based approach to education.

1. Philosophical,
Historical &
Sociological
Bases

2. Objectives
2
A. determine the philosophical and historical
bases of inclusive education;
B. discuss the relativity of inclusivity and
equality in education; and
C. Cite a sample situation manifesting special
and inclusive set-up inside a classroom

3. 1.
Philosophical Bases
How do we differentiate
INCLUSIVITY and
EQUALITY?

5. The Principles of Inclusivity
• acknowledge that individuals have unique and
particular needs in the learning and work
environment
• respect each individual’s right to express and
present themselves relative to their religion,
culture, ethnic background, sexual orientation,
gender-identity, physical and mental ability
• promote inclusivity by reasonably adjusting
procedures, activities and physical
environments
• focus on the capability of the individual
without assumptions or labels
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6. 6
The Principles of Equality
• provide access of
education for all
• eliminate discrimination in
education
• distribute resources,
opportunities, and success
for every students fairly

7. Short Activity:
Cite an instance you
experience that is
considered as either
equality or inclusivity.
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How about this?

9. 2.
Historical and
Sociological Bases

10. ✓ Convention on the Rights of the Child
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• life, survival and development;
• protection from violence, abuse or
neglect;
• an education that enables children
to fulfill their potential;
• be raised by, or have a relationship
with, their parents;
• express their opinions and be
listened to;
• ensure children under the age of 18
are not forcibly recruited into their
armed forces;

11. United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
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It is through this dialogue that the world can
achieve global visions of sustainable development
encompassing observance of human rights, mutual
respect and the alleviation of poverty by:
• attaining quality education for all and lifelong
learning;
• mobilizing science knowledge and policy for
sustainable development;
• addressing emerging social and ethical
challenges;
• fostering cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue
and a culture of peace; and
• building inclusive knowledge societies through
information and communication.

12. Education for All (EFA)
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• ensure that by 2015 all have access to
and complete, free, and compulsory
primary education of good quality;
• ensure that the learning needs of all
young people and adults are met
through equitable access to appropriate
learning and life-skills programs;
• achieve a 50% improvement in adult
literacy by 2015, especially for women,
and equitable access to basic and
continuing education for all adults;

13. Education for All (EFA)
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• eliminate gender disparities in
primary and secondary education by
2005, and achieve gender equality in
education by 2015, with a focus on
ensuring girls' full and equal access
to and achievement in basic
education of good quality; and
• improve all aspects of the quality of
education and ensure the excellence
of all so that recognized and
measurable learning outcomes are
achieved by all, especially in literacy,
numeracy and essential life skills.

14. “K to 12 Inclusion Policy
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• responsiveness to rights
- realizes DepEd commitments: quality,
equitable, culture-based and complete
- Rights-based Approach (RbA)
recognition, promotion and protection
• sensitivity and responsiveness to context
- recognizing and valuing diversity of
learners, schools and communities
• recognizes and respects learners’ rights
to relevant and responsive to their
contexts
- No learner left behind.

15. Key Takeway!
“Until we get the
equality in
education, we
won’t have an
equal society.”
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