Remote sensing involves collecting data about objects from a distance by detecting electromagnetic radiation. It has several components: an energy source, atmospheric interactions, target interactions, sensor recording, data transmission and processing, interpretation and analysis, and applications. Spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric resolutions characterize remote sensing data. Remote sensing is used for applications like urban planning, agriculture, natural resource management, and forestry by providing information on land use, crop growth, environmental changes, and forest resources over time.

1. REMOTE SENSING
By Surabhi Tanwar

2.  Remote sensing involves gathering data and
information about the physical world by
detecting and measuring radiation, particles
and fields associated with objects located
beyond the immediate vicinity of the sensor
device(s).

3. Energy Source or Illumination (A)
Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)
Interaction with the Target (C)
Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D)
Transmission, Reception, and
Processing (E)
Interpretation and Analysis (F)
Application (G)
Source: Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing Process Components

4. Earth Sensing Cycle

5. How Satellites Acquire Images

7. SPATIAL SPECTRAL
TEMPORAL RADIOMETRIC
RESOLUTION

8.  The earth surface area covered by a pixel of an
image is known as spatial resolution
 Large area covered by a pixel means low
spatial resolution and vice versa

9. High vs. Low?
Spatial Resolution
Source: Jensen (2000)

10.  Is the ability to resolve spectral features and
bands into their separate components
 More number of bands in a specified
bandwidth means higher spectral resolution
and vice versa

12. SpectralResolution

13.  Frequency at which images are recorded/
captured in a specific place on the earth.
 The more frequently it is captured, the better or
finer the temporal resolution is said to be
 For example, a sensor that captures an image of
an agriculture land twice a day has better
temporal resolution than a sensor that only
captures that same image once a week.
Remote Sensing & GIS Applications
Directorate

14. Remote Sensing & GIS Applications Directorate
Temporal Resolution
Time
July 1 July 12 July 23 August 3
11 days
16 days
July 2 July 18 August 3

15.  Sensitivity of the sensor to the magnitude of
the received electromagnetic energy
determines the radiometric resolution
 Finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, if it
is more sensitive in detecting small differences
in reflected or emitted energy

16. Radiometric Resolution
1023
6-bit range
0 63
8-bit range
0 255
0
10-bit range
2-bit range
0 4

18. Urbanization & Transportation
 Urban planning
 Roads network and transportation
planning
 City expansion
 City boundaries by time
 Wetland delineation
Image source: www.ldeo.columbia.edu
Image source: www.geospectra.net

19. Agriculture
• Crop acreage estimation
• Crop modeling for yield &
production forecast / estimation
• Crop & Orchard monitoring
Scope
• Timely availability of crop
statistics for decision making &
planning
• Crop growth monitoring
• Soil status monitoring
• Regular reports regarding total
area under cultivation
Benefits
Banana Plantation – Muhammad Pur (Ghotki)
FFC Goth Macchi
Mar 05, 2006, RecoveryJan 12, 2006, DamageDec 16, 2005, Pre-Frost

20. Natural resource Management
 Forestry: biodiversity, forest, deforestation
 Water source management
 Habitat analysis
 Environmental assessment
 Pest/disease outbreaks
 Impervious surface mapping
 Hydrology
 Mineral province
 Geomorphology
Md. Bodruddoza Mia

21. Pre Flood – 17 July 2006 Post Flood – 09 Aug 2006
10098 acr
3516 acr
● Phulani
● Goth Lataran
● Ural
● Junno Dhand
● Shahpur
● Godhpur
● Than Lake
● Goth Azizpur
● Goth Raza Mahar
● Phulani
● Goth Lataran
● Ural
● Junno Dhand
● Shahpur
● Godhpur
● Than Lake
● Goth Azizpur
● Goth Raza Mahar
● Muhro Mari
● Darapur
● Kot Shahgarch
● Muhro Mari
● Darapur
● Kot Shahgarch

22. Forestry
• Satellite image based forest
resource mapping and updation
• Forest change detection
• Forest resource inventory
• GIS database development
Scope
• Availability of baseline
information
• Planning for aforestation
strategies
• Futuristic resource planning
• Sustainability of environment
• Wild life conservation & development
for recreation purpose
Benefits Sarhad Reserve Forest (Ghotki)

23.  http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105108077/module1/lecture1.
pdf
 http://www.geo-seoca.net/downloads/training-
material/9_ConceptsPrinciplesofRemoteSensing+Imagi
ngSystems+Data.pdf
 http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/~research/tutorial/intro.htm

24. Presentation by: Surabhi Tanwar
Student of Masters in Environmental
Science- Institute of Science, Mumbai