The document discusses different types of conditionals in English: 1) Zero conditional - used to talk about general truths with "if + present simple + present simple". 2) First conditional - used to talk about possible future events with "if + present simple + will/won't + bare infinitive". 3) Second conditional - used to talk about unlikely present or future events with "if + past simple + would + bare infinitive". 4) Third conditional - used to talk about unreal past events with "if + past perfect + would have + past participle". The document provides examples for each type of conditional and discusses variations and uses of tense and modal verbs.

1. CONDITIONALS

2. Zero Conditional We use If + Present Simple + Present Simple for facts that are generally true. “ If you want to become an engineer, you have to study hard.” “ If you are a vegetarian, you don’t eat meat.”

3. First Conditional We use If + Present Simple + will / won’t + bare infinitive to talk about things that may happen in the future. “ If I’ m late, my parents will be angry.” “ If we don’t hurry, we won’t finish .”

4. We use the present tense in the if clause and will / won’t in the other. “ If you send me a card, I’ ll be very happy.” Don’t use will / won’t in both clauses. “ If it will be sunny, we’ll have a barbecue.”

5. We can reverse the two clauses of a first conditional sentence without changing the meaning. If it rains , we’ll stay ay home. We’ll stay at home if it rains. When the if clause comes first, we put a comma between the two clauses. We don’t need one if it comes second.

6. Second Conditional We use If + Simple past + would + bare infinitive “ If she knew the answer, she would tell us.” to talk about unreal situations in the present. “ If we had lots of time, we’ d travel .”

7. to talk about ulikely events in the future. “ If I saw a ghost, I would speak to it.” “ If I won the lottery, I’ d travel around the world.”

8. After IF we can use were instead of was in all persons but it is more formal. If he were / was younger, he would get the job. Was is mainly used in spoken English. We can use If I were you... to give advice. If I were you I would go to the doctor’s.

9. Third Conditional We use. If + Past Perfect + would + have + past participle “ If I had known , I would have told them.” to talk about things that have already happened in the past and their unreal past results.

10. We can use COULD and MIGHT instead of WOULD depending on their meaning. “ If you had eaten three pizzas, you might have been sick.” “ If my parents had told me they were coming, I could have cooked a nice meal.”

11. The third conditional is the only conditional that refers to the past . “ If I had had a toothache, I would have gone to the dentist.”

12. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses. If I see him, I ___________ (give) him a lift. If I had a record player I ____________ (record) it myself. If I ___________ (know) her e-mail address, I’d give it to you. If I had known that your father was in hospital, I ________ (visit) him. If you __________(arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat. He __________ (look) a lot better if he shaved more often. The chair will collapse if you ___________ (stand) on it. If he ___________ (eat) all that, he will be ill. If he had asked you, ______________ (you / accept)? If you had left that wasp alone, it __________ (not sting) you. If I were sent to prison, _______________ (you / visit) me? Someone ___________ (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked. What will happen if my parachute _____________(not open)? If he knew that it was going to be boring he____________ (not come). I_________ (be) ruined if I bought her everything she asked for.