Refraction Interpretation-2

1. Introduction to Geophysics Ali Oncel [email_address] Department of Earth Sciences KFUPM Refraction Interpretation-2 Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM

2. Previous Lecture Refraction Seismology Objective Interpretation Models Quiz

3. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Interpretation Models Figure 4.3 of Lillie

4. Single Horizontal Interface in km Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Fig. 4.4 of Lillie t 1 Delayed Time 100-150km <Spread Length< 300-600km Oceans Continental Inversion equations Forward equations

5. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Single Horizontal Interface in meter Fig. 4.5 of Lillie Inversion equations Forward equations

6. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Several Horizontal Interfaces

7. Generalized Refraction Model Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM The above model is valid as long as velocity does not decreased with depth. Fig. 4.7 of Lillie

8. Refraction: Example from Ocean Basin Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Fig. 4.8 of Lillie, modified after Sheriff and Geldart, 1995.

9. Refraction: Oceanic Crust Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Where do you know about the well-known examples of Oceanic Crust? Layer 1: Deep-sea sediments Layer 2: Basalt (Volcanics and shallow intrusions) Layer 3: Gabbro (Deeper Intrusions) Layer 4: Peridodite (Uppermost refraction; gives Moho refraction)

10. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie Mid-Atlantic Ridge East Pacific Rise

11. Formation of Oceanic Crust Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

12. Formation of Oceanic Crust Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

13. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Formation of Oceanic Crust Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

14. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Formation of Oceanic Crust Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

15. Introduction to Geophysics-KFUPM Formation of Oceanic Crust Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

16. Parks and Plates ©2005 Robert J. Lillie

17. Field Trip: KFUPM BEACH Schedule: March 29 ( or 27? ) before Mid-Term Break Leaving from: 12:30 from KFUPM The purpose: Measurements of Refraction and Gravity Any questions or suggestions.