These are some of the slides viewed in class.

1. Unit 1 Results of the Civil War

2. Slide 1

3. Slide 1 The Union is restored , but there is still much anger between northerners and southerners .

4. Slide 2

5. Slide 2 Slavery is ended , but newly freed slaves have no homes or jobs .

6. Slide 3

7. Slide 3 And, African Americans face violence from angry white southerners .

8. Slide 4

9. Slide 4 Southern cities have been destroyed .

10. Slide 5

11. Slide 5 Southern railroads have been destroyed , as well as roads and bridges .

12. Slide 6

13. Slide 6 Southern plantations have been destroyed , so the southern economy is ruined .

14. Slide 7

15. Slide 7 620,000 soldiers are dead . Northern deaths = 360,000 Southern deaths = 260,000

16. Slide 8

17. Slide 8 Thousands of soldiers are wounded .

18. Slide 9

19. Slide 9 President Lincoln is assassinated (murdered) on April 14, 1865 .

20. John Wilkes Booth

21. … the life-blood from those veins, the best and sweetest of the land, drips slowly down, and death’s ooze already begins its little bubbles on the lips.…

22. Vice-President Andrew Johnson is now President -from the South -a Democrat (most members of Congress are Republicans)

23. sharecropping -freedmen farmed white landowners’ land using supplies provided by the landowner in exchange for a share of the harvest

24. black codes -laws passed by southern states designed to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery.

25. Political Conditions Congress, northern Republicans want to punish white southerners and protect rights of former slaves -former Confederate leaders getting elected to state governments and

26. Military Reconstruction southern states had to ratify the 14 th Amendment, African Americans had - divided the South into five military districts commanded by army generals, to be allowed to vote in all southern states

28. Civil War Amendments 14 th -granted citizenship to all people born in the U.S., 13 th -banned slavery throughout the nation, 15 th -no citizen may be denied the right to vote because of race

30. Carpetbaggers : Southerners who had been loyal to the US during the Civil War, or who were helping Republicans. Northerners who moved South to hold office or take advantage of economic opportunities in the South. Scalawags :

31. The White League and the KKK : - racist groups created to make conditions for freedmen unbearable. They used violence and fear to control freedmen.

32. Lynching : -murder committed by a mob The following photographs are graphic. You may look away.

34. Reconstruction’s End -by 1877 northerners grew tired of trying to change the South and wanted to forget the war -white southerners began voting again and denied African Americans the right to vote

35. Disenfranchisement: -denying someone the right to vote literacy tests: poll taxes: grandfather clauses: -voters had to pay a tax before they could vote -voters had to prove they could read -allowed poor/illiterate white southerners to vote

37. Jim Crow Laws -laws that created separate facilities for African Americans and whites (schools, restaurants, trains, hospitals, theaters, etc.)

38. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) -the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal as long as facilities for African Americans and whites were equal, which they rarely were -“Separate but Equal” -made Jim Crow legal

39. racism -the belief that one race is superior to another

40. prejudice -irrational suspicion or hatred of a particular group based on race, or religion

41. oppression -the act of controlling or denying a group rights due to prejudice

42. stereotype -an oversimplified generalization about a person or group

43. discrimination -unfair treatment of a person or group because of their race

44. segregation -separating people of different races in schools, housing, and public or private facilities