The document summarizes changes in immigration to the United States between 1880 and 1920. During this period, the majority of immigrants shifted from being from Northwestern Europe (49% in 1880) to being from Southern and Eastern Europe (73% in 1910). These new immigrants were characterized as being from Southern and Eastern Europe, young males, Catholic or Jewish, unskilled laborers with little money or education. Push factors driving emigration included poverty, persecution, and wars in Europe, while pull factors attracting immigrants to America included economic opportunities, land, freedom of religion, and democracy. Most immigrants passed through Ellis Island and settled in ethnic neighborhoods in large cities like New York.