The document provides an overview of black history in the United States, including slavery, the Civil War, Jim Crow laws, the Civil Rights Movement, and key events and figures. It also discusses Harper Lee and how her novel To Kill a Mockingbird relates to these historical topics and events.

1. black history By Zhu Jiahua (33) 2P3

2. Slavery Slavery started thousands of years ago, so there is no specific time of when it started Slaves traveled to North and South America with French, Portuguese, and Spanish explorers These slaves comprised of Africans, Native Americans, Indians, POWs ,etc Normally, the rich Europeans or merchants where the ones that owned slaves

3. Slavery There were laws that were aimed to make the welfare of slaves better, like allowing them to marry, seek relief from a cruel owner, or even to buy their freedom. However, this laws were often dismissed, and life was harsh for the slaves In relation to the novel: - Both involves discrimination of a certain group of people - Both involves the mistreating of the blacks, and they were treated with cruelty and discrimination by the whites.

4. The Civil War Cause of War - the Northern States abolished slavery - the Southern slaves States declared secession from the United States - The Southern States formed the Confederate States of America, or “the Confederacy”, - they fought against the United States (the Union) which was supported by all twenty free states. - The war began in 1861

5. The Civil War The Southern States comprised of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia Abraham Lincoln was the president that had declared war against the South He fought for the freedom and human rights of the black slaves The Union won the war, and slavery was abolished in the United States The Civil War ended in 1865

6. Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow was not an actual person, but was the name of a song The Jim Crow Laws were the state and local laws in the U.S enacted between 1876 and 1965 They mandated racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly “separate but equal" status for black Americans This led to unfair treatment and accommodations given to black Americans that were normally inferior to the white Americans

7. Jim Crow Laws The black Americans felt that they were unfairly treated, and the white Americans had an advantage over them They were displeased with the laws Relation to the Novel - the Negroes in the town were unfairly treated, and were unable to use some facilities that was specially constructed for the whites, e.g. They had to build their own churches

8. The Civil Rights Movement It started in 1955 It is the movements in the United States aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans March on Washington - A march was conducted on Washington, D.C to support demands for elimination of employment discrimination in industries Boycott of New Orleans by American Football League players - Numerous black players were refused service in New Orleans - Black and white players alike lobbied for a boycott of New Orleans

9. The Civil Rights Movement President John F. Kennedy supported this movement The African Americans had the same rights as the White American Relations with Novel - Atticus fought for the rights of Tom Robinson, and defended him in court

10. Montgomery Bus Boycott & Scottsboro Trials Scottsboro Trials - 9 African American boys were accused of rape in Alabama Montgomery Bus Boycott - Fight for African American in the transport system, as it is more biased towards the white Americans

11. Montgomery Bus Boycott & Scottsboro Trials Both trials are alike in the way that both of them involves fighting for the rights of African Americans The Scottsboro Trials are alike with the novel, as in both situations, both the black men are accused of rape which they did not commit

12. Traits of a true South Belle and a true South Gentleman Gentleman - Good manners, humility and respect Belle - Proper etiquette, penmanship, ball dancing In relations to the novel: Atticus – Polite and shows respect towards the elders and the African Americans Bob Ewell – Violent, disrespectful towards the African Americans

13. Harper Lee Born in Monroeville, Albana, in 1926 Studied law in the University of Albana TKAM was Lee’s only published book She assisted in the book, “In Cold Blood awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom of the United States in 2007 TKAM is significant to her as many of the details were autobiography - Like Lee, Scout was the daughter of a respected small-town Alabama attorney - Dill was based on Lee’s childhood friend

14. Thank You