Grand Challenges For Next Generation Automotive Engineers discusses the key challenges and opportunities for future automotive engineers. Some of the major challenges include: (1) training autonomous systems to handle diverse driving conditions with varying weather, lighting and topography, (2) developing new materials and technologies for vehicle safety and sustainability like self-charging electric vehicles, and (3) preparing engineers to be interdisciplinary and aware of emerging technologies in software, nanotechnology, and more. The document outlines how future vehicles may have fingerprint identification instead of keys, self-healing paint, and customizable vehicle modes.

1. Grand Challenges For Next Generation Automotive Engineers
Dr . Ahmed Elsayed

2. Deliverables
1. Why we need to prepare future automotive engineers
2. How future vehicle will look like
3. What are the Challenges
4. How to prepare the next automotive engineers

3.  Creating pool of technical talent needed to maintain an industry that still
continues to find a multibillion-dollar annual market for its products and
services, and that is fundamentally important in maintaining our security
and enabling the further development of our global
economy.(Competition in market)
 Save huge amount on developing R& D engineers, as graduates will have
the skills to start their daily activities in the environment that they used
to during their training in the universities.
 Meet markets and environmental objectives ( emissions, price, fuel
consumptions,..)
Why we need to prepare future automotive engineers

4. Finger print instead of keys
• How automotive engineer would imagine the digitalization of automotive
industry (Digital cars)
Car monitor the health of its driver[35]
Self Healing car paint
Material with programmable shapes could
be used to change car mode [35]
How future vehicle will look like

5. • The key element for developing an all-weather, all-road, all-country driving
perception is the ability to obtain data from a large and diverse training dataset.
(varying lighting, weather, and topographical conditions as well as varying driving
cultures in different countries to offer a comprehensive dataset).[40]
[41]
[44]
• Car could recharge itself when it is not used[51], or guide to where parking is suitable,
interactive to send sms messages.
Challenges I: training autonomous system on different driving conditions
• Software engineering will share a big part in future automotive. Future engineers
should be trained for such kind of tasks.

6. • Manufacturers must also offer product aftercare and incident response
to ensure systems are secure over their lifetime, not just upon their
release, as well as designing the systems using a defence-in-depth
approach, which means that cloud servers to which any vehicle data is
sent are independently protected, as well as there are no single points of
failure[14]
Challenge III: Vehicle Safety and developing cyber security

7. [43]
Challenges for training autonomous system on different driving conditions
Interaction of vehicle to surrounding environment would require more complex
algorithms in coming future

8. Knowledge
Light weighting
- Instead of all steel structures future
use for combination composites ,
magnesium , plastics , aluminum .
simulation software such as fibersim
for analysis of carbon fiber. (light car
950 kg with 300 hp)[6]
Forward Engineering using fibersim[6]
Fiat 500 (MT) 1,074 kg 101 hp
Alfa Romeo 4C 1,118 kg 237 hp[7]
Multi-task vehicle design [8]
Future cars could convert to
aeroplanes , engineer should
be prepared for aerodynamic
designs and adapted to such
tasks [8]
Environmental challenges
Autonomous
-Developing new fuels
Challenge II: Future engineer should be interdisciplinary
• Automotive engineering profession would not be a single disciplinary any more .
Automotive engineer should know about software, electricity , fluid dynamics.[22]
Current cars specifications
Nanotechnology

9. Challenge III: Awareness of new technologies that could save money and time
[26]
Camera selective beam laser light[24]
automotive lighting components, such as laser components, light-emitting
diode phosphors, and high-brightness LED substrates.[3]. It could light upto
650 yard double the led range[24]. 10 more times intense less 30 % power
consumption. No blindness for the opposite drivers [24]

10. Self parking cars : the driver choose the place
where to park and the car automatically park
where positioned
Changeable frame hydrogen powered
car[38]
Challenge III: Awareness of new technologies that could save money and time

11. Enhancing vehicle safety ( developing new composite materials that can withstand large
impacts) [2]
New Tesla models showed superior safety compared to Volo S60( one of the
safe car manufacturers)
Challenges of developing new composites for novel safe designs
Challenge III: Vehicle Safety and developing new materials

12. Electronic control ( fuel is delivered by closed loop control by acquiring emission
sensor data, knock sensors data, air flow meter…) will be replaced by. Next
generation will be wire drive system similar to aeroplanes. Steering system is
replaced
Electronic control systems
wire control systems
Move the driving control easily from left to right[38]
Challenge III: Selection of power syetm (Electric, Fuel cell, Hbrid)

13. On the electric car front Toyota recently announced their first
hydrogen fuel cell car, an obvious competitor to the Tesla Model
S. This shows that big car companies are taking the Tesla
challenge seriously. Both cars are priced similarly but the Toyota
is estimated to have a cruising range of 465 miles to Tesla’s 265
and a refuelling time of just three minutes compared to one hour
for a Tesla vehicle at one of their supercharger stations.[48]
[29]

14. Pros:
•Electric automobiles will not cause pollution while driving
•Self-driving capabilities will provide convenience and possibly reduce accidents
Cons:
•Since electricity itself is produced through a variety of means including burning
fossil fuels and nuclear fission reactors, the overall reduction in pollution may
not be so significant
•On the road, almost infinite possible situations and scenarios can arise such as
small sharp substances, acids, inflammables etc. being spilled on road. This will
test the capabilities of the AI system of the self-driven automobiles
•Since, each self-driven automobile will operate on its own algorithms and
systems, any unexpected behaviour from one automobile can alter the
previously predicted traffic estimates
Electric Drive Evaluation

15. In the future, connected vehicles could warn their riders about up-coming
dangers and communicate with other intelligent vehicles in real-time. These
types of applications would significantly enhance safety and provide the
user with an increased awareness of the roads around them.[19]
Car dealers could be affected services developed by new cites as carwow[20]
Challenge: reduce selling costs by approaching the customer directly

16. Preparation Phase : Integrating software for optimizing products
Boat-tails 4ft Boat-tails 2ft

17.  Improving the effectiveness of engineering courses. New uses
of the computer in interactive teaching and the sharing of
courses by video and internet promise to relieve engineering
faculty from much routine classroom teaching.
http://www.ljcreate.com/uk/programs/automotive
 Virtual labs: avoid expensive
lab equipment.
Avoid purchasing old operating
equipment (carburators)
Virtual learning
 Build connections with other teams through workshops and
conferences or building support forums to be connected to experts

18. [1] Automobility LA™ Announces Theme For 2017 Design & Developer Challenge Presented By Microsoft
.http://www.kfmbfm.com/story/36157422/automobility-la-announces-theme-for-2017-design-developer-
challenge-presented-by-Microsoft
[2] Rajput.automotive combustion engines .
[3] Auto Suppliers: More Than Chips. https://semiengineering.com/auto-suppliers-beyond-chips-and-systems/
[4] Electric Steering Market: Global Industry Analysis and Growth Opportunity by 2022
http://www.wpsdlocal6.com/story/36187877/electric-steering-market-global-industry-analysis-and-growth-
opportunity-by-2022
[5] ECO-FRIENDLY (GREEN) CARS IN INDIA – THE ROAD AHEAD. http://ijaegt.com/blog/eco-friendly-green-cars-in-
india-the-road-ahead
[6] Forward Engineering: Tackling Automotive Industry Challenges.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5diLwPkdgak
[7] http://driving.ca/hyundai/accent/auto-news/news/these-are-the-ten-lightest-cars-you-can-buy-in-2015
[8] Next Generation Transition(R) Unveiled. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iE2Ij7Rfw1Q
[9] Digital Transformation Of Automobile Sector With Enterprise Learning Management System . https://www.gc-
solutions.net/blog/digital-transformation-of-automobile-sector-with-enterprise-learning-management-system/
[10] Keeping pace with a changing industry landscape. https://www.coilwindingexpo.com/chicago/cwieme-
chicago-2017-momentum-innovation-and-adaptation
[11] The evolution in self-driving vehicles: Trends and implications for the insurance industry.
https://eylaw.ey.com/2017/08/23/the-evolution-in-self-driving-vehicles-trends-and-implications-for-the-insurance-
industry/
References

19. [12] Battery global value chain and its technological challenges for electric vehicle mobility
[13] Electric cars surge as Europe turns away from the internal combustion engine.
http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_business/807852.html
[14] Government draws up cyber security proposals. http://www.itpro.co.uk/strategy/27302/driverless-cars-apple-
draws-up-plans-for-self-driving-shuttle-bus
[15] Electric vehicles and UK power challenges - business risk or opportunity?
[16] https://www.bcg.com/expertise/centers-accelerators/digital-automotive/default.aspx
[17]Faraday Challenge to boost UK battery technology expertise.
https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/research-news/uks-faraday-challenge-boost-battery-
technology-2017-07/
[18] Automobiles: Disruption Ahead!
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ssz8q-gp2I&t=162s
[19] Exploring the future of connected scooters with 5G. https://www.ericsson.com/en/networked-
society/innovation/data-analytics/piaggio
[20] How Digital Disruptors Are Changing The Automotive Industry
[21] http://www.automatedvehiclessymposium.org/program/proceedings important conference
papers
[22] New Challenges Facing Engineers and Engineering-Intensive Companies.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4f85yK--Cis
[23]The future of the automotive industry.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1tfOeChenQ
[24] Future Cars & its Technology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPwNsrMdMgM

20. [25]Future Of Mobility – Shaped By Big Data & AI.
[26] Top 10 Car Industry Innovations Coming in the Next 10 Years
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxU_Ddw1GV8
[27] Philip Good - Post Paris: Future of Automotive Fuels. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8PDt0Oddgc
[28] Future Challenges and Opportunities for retail in the UK - SMMT International Automotive Summit 2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tk6cbHibb90&t=353s
[29] Automobiles: Disruption Ahead!. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ssz8q-gp2I&t=273s tesla
[30] Danlaw Connected Car Technology Day - IVI Challenges
[31] Future of Automotive Technology - Mind Blown Documentary.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lq4iPQy5b7Y
[32] Automotive Technology and the Future of Mobility
.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNy3k5DlBFI
[33] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7owJNjfmN0&t=935s
[34] Top 10 Advanced Car Technologies by 2020 You Need to Know.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4GvAGbkdu8
[35] TOP 10 Future Car Tech . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRfPr9fMIxg
[36] New Revolution in Car Engine Technology Wonderful Engineering . Duke company .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3KyUUBhRWM
[37] Danlaw Connected Car Technology Day - IVI Challenges.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCeq0TU9lSk&t=56s
[38] Cars of the Future - or How we thought it would be.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7owJNjfmN0&t=935s
[39] The Electric Car: The Future is Here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTGAiJa8Xp0.
[40] Nexar issues automotive artificial intelligence challenge with global dataset
. http://www.autonomousvehicletech.com/articles/149-nexar-issues-automotive-artificial-intelligence-
challenge-with-global-dataset
[41] Cars will become commodity. Do we even need to own a car in the future?
. http://mse238blog.stanford.edu/2017/08/tomo12/cars-will-become-commodity-do-we-even-need-to-own-
a-car-in-the-future/

21. [42]Ford Motor Company: Data and the future of autonomous vehicles
. http://www.zdnet.com/article/ford-motor-company-data-and-the-future-of-autonomous-vehicles/
[43] Integrating Autonomous Drive into the New Automotive Reality.
https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AUVSI/14c12c18-fde1-4c1d-8548-
035ad166c766/UploadedImages/2017/PDFs/Proceedings/Tue%200900-0915_Dr.%20Maarten%20Sierhuis.pdf
[44] UK government cyber security guidelines for connected & autonomous vehicles.
https://www.nccgroup.trust/uk/about-us/newsroom-and-events/blogs/2017/august/uk-government-
cyber-security-guidelines-for-connected-and-autonomous-vehicles/
[45] The Electric Car Revolution
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta0j9BT1zIQ
[46] How To Build An Electric Car - BBC Documentary
. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=56-nV2t1V_I
[47] Autonomous Driving – a Challenge for the Automotive Industry
. https://archive.intereconomics.eu/year/2017/3/autonomous-driving-a-challenge-for-the-automotive-
industry/search/world+trade/160/
[48] APPLE CAR: INVESTING IN THE FUTURE OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
. http://blog.wallstreetsurvivor.com/2015/02/20/apple-car/.
[49] Hartmut Presting*, Ulf Ko¨nig. Future nanotechnology developments for automotive applications
[50] https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-and-automotive-industry-start-the-motor-on-30-
million-skills-investment
[51] The Future of Transportation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HnQs1k_0Yys