The document discusses recent advances in pollution control, focusing on air pollution control. It describes several international agreements and protocols related to air pollution, including the Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol, and policies such as carbon taxes and carbon credits. It also discusses initiatives in India related to air pollution monitoring and control, including the National Air Quality Index, action plans by states in the National Capital Region to reduce air pollution, and air quality monitoring programs run by the Central Pollution Control Board and in the state of Maharashtra.
Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment.pptxAlmawYetnayet
Environmental problems can vary from the direct effects of the pollution of waterways and the air, through to indirect effects such as health problems caused by changes.
Environmental Auditing (or Audit) is a management tool used by an industry to evaluate its environmental performance.
A management tool comprising systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of how well environmental organization, management, and equipment are performing with the aim of helping to safeguard the environment by facilitating management control of practices and assessing compliance with company policies, which would include regulatory requirements and standards applicable.
An environmental audit is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards. Depending on the types of standards and the focus of the audit, there are different types of environmental audit. Organizations of all kinds now recognize the importance of environmental matters and accept that their environmental performance will be scrutinized by a wide range of interested parties.
OBJECTIVES:
Improve risk management systems
Optimizing environmental resources
To review the implementation of policies.
To identify liabilities.
To review management systems.
To identify needs, strengths, and weaknesses.
To assess environmental performance.
To promote environmental awareness.
To improve production safety and health
To reduce waste,
To assess compliance with a regulatory requirement
Benefits of Environmental Audit:
Financial Benefits
5
• Helps avoid fines by regulatory agencies
• Identifies issues of non-compliance sooner versus later allowing for proactive financial planning Lowers corrective action costs
• Waste minimization opportunities realized, leading to reduced operating costs
Compliance Benefits
• Reduced agency enforcement actions and penalties
• Increased employee awareness of environmental standards and responsibilities
Stakeholder Relations Benefits
• Improved employee relations and increased morale
• Improved community image of the Company’s Goodwill
• Firms with sound environmental stewardship programs are desirable to investors
General Benefit:
• Maintenance of sustainable level of development.
Types of Environmental Audit
1) Environmental Compliance Audit
2) Environmental Performance Audit
3) Environmental Financial Audit
Environmental Compliance Audit
Objective – To provide assurance to organizational activities are conducted in accordance with environmental laws, standards, guidelines, and policies.
Criteria – National law, International Agreements, Applicable Standards, Industry Guidelines or Corporate Policy.
Benefits:
➢ Helps in ensuring compliance with laws.
➢ Reduces risk / costs with non-compliance.
➢ Gap between promises and results.
➢ Pollution & Waste reducing, conserving resources.
➢ Helps in improving Environmental Performance.
Environmental Performance Audit
6
Objective – To assess whether an organization meets its environmental objectives, is effective in producing environmental results with efficiency and economy.
Criteria – Indicator
This presentation is about Clean Development Mechanism and focus is on power sector. key aspects covered are CDM world statistics, Indian scenario, CER prices, CDM project management, etc.
Air pollution & Water pollution control lawsSunny Chauhan
Air pollution & Water pollution control laws,What is Air Pollution?,Control acts. For Air Pollution: ,FUNCTIONS OF BOARDS,PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION,Water Pollution,Features of Act Water Pollution,Central Pollution Control Board’s Objectives,State Pollution Control Board’s Objectives
Introduction to Environmental Impact Assessment.pptxAlmawYetnayet
Environmental problems can vary from the direct effects of the pollution of waterways and the air, through to indirect effects such as health problems caused by changes.
Environmental Auditing (or Audit) is a management tool used by an industry to evaluate its environmental performance.
A management tool comprising systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of how well environmental organization, management, and equipment are performing with the aim of helping to safeguard the environment by facilitating management control of practices and assessing compliance with company policies, which would include regulatory requirements and standards applicable.
An environmental audit is essentially an environmental management tool for measuring the effects of certain activities on the environment against set criteria or standards. Depending on the types of standards and the focus of the audit, there are different types of environmental audit. Organizations of all kinds now recognize the importance of environmental matters and accept that their environmental performance will be scrutinized by a wide range of interested parties.
OBJECTIVES:
Improve risk management systems
Optimizing environmental resources
To review the implementation of policies.
To identify liabilities.
To review management systems.
To identify needs, strengths, and weaknesses.
To assess environmental performance.
To promote environmental awareness.
To improve production safety and health
To reduce waste,
To assess compliance with a regulatory requirement
Benefits of Environmental Audit:
Financial Benefits
5
• Helps avoid fines by regulatory agencies
• Identifies issues of non-compliance sooner versus later allowing for proactive financial planning Lowers corrective action costs
• Waste minimization opportunities realized, leading to reduced operating costs
Compliance Benefits
• Reduced agency enforcement actions and penalties
• Increased employee awareness of environmental standards and responsibilities
Stakeholder Relations Benefits
• Improved employee relations and increased morale
• Improved community image of the Company’s Goodwill
• Firms with sound environmental stewardship programs are desirable to investors
General Benefit:
• Maintenance of sustainable level of development.
Types of Environmental Audit
1) Environmental Compliance Audit
2) Environmental Performance Audit
3) Environmental Financial Audit
Environmental Compliance Audit
Objective – To provide assurance to organizational activities are conducted in accordance with environmental laws, standards, guidelines, and policies.
Criteria – National law, International Agreements, Applicable Standards, Industry Guidelines or Corporate Policy.
Benefits:
➢ Helps in ensuring compliance with laws.
➢ Reduces risk / costs with non-compliance.
➢ Gap between promises and results.
➢ Pollution & Waste reducing, conserving resources.
➢ Helps in improving Environmental Performance.
Environmental Performance Audit
6
Objective – To assess whether an organization meets its environmental objectives, is effective in producing environmental results with efficiency and economy.
Criteria – Indicator
This presentation is about Clean Development Mechanism and focus is on power sector. key aspects covered are CDM world statistics, Indian scenario, CER prices, CDM project management, etc.
Air pollution & Water pollution control lawsSunny Chauhan
Air pollution & Water pollution control laws,What is Air Pollution?,Control acts. For Air Pollution: ,FUNCTIONS OF BOARDS,PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION,Water Pollution,Features of Act Water Pollution,Central Pollution Control Board’s Objectives,State Pollution Control Board’s Objectives
Biotechnology is an indigenous wave of innovation. This enhances the quality of the environment by protecting the natural resources. It plays key role for sustainable agriculture.
The 28th meeting of the Conference of Parties, i.e. COP28, came to a close on December 13, 2023. Spread across two weeks, COP28 saw national leaders, international organizations, businesses, and academics convene to address pressing global climate issues.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Recent advances in pollution control
1. RECENT ADVANCES IN POLLUTION CONTROL
PG STUDENT:- Dr. AMOL ASKAR
PG TEACHER:- Dr. S. V. AKARTE
Dr. RIMA SAHAY
1
2. Contents Of Seminar
1)Air pollution control
Kyoto protocol
Montreal protocol
Carbon credit
Carbon tax
Carbon free city
Pollution pay principle Rio
summit
Programme / Organisations working for this
2)Soil pollution control
Methods
Programmes
3)Water pollution control
Programmes
Other projects
4)Noise pollution control
05/28/15 2
4. KYOTO PROTOCOL
An international treaty, which extends the
1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to
reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise
that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-
made CO2 emissions have caused it.
Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11
December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February
2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew
effective December 2012 to the Protocol).
05/28/15 4
5. Protocol is based on the principle of common but
differentiated responsibilities:
It puts the obligation on developed countries to reduce
current emissions on the basis that they are historically
responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
The official meeting of all states party to the Kyoto
Protocol is the Conference of the Parties.
It is held every year as part of the United Nations Climate
Change conference
05/28/15 5
6. The first Meetings of Parties of the Kyoto Protocol (MOP)
was held in 2005 in conjunction with the eleventh
Conferences of parties to UNFCCC.
Also parties to the Convention that are not parties to the
Protocol can participate in Protocol-related meetings as
observers.
The first conference was held in 1995 in Berlin, while the
2014 conference was held in Lima, Peru and will held in
Paris, France in 2015.
05/28/15 6
7. Chronology
1992 -- UN Conference on the Environment and
Development was held in Rio de Janeiro. It results in the
Framework Convention on Climate Change ("FCCC" or
"UNFCCC) among other agreements.
1995 -- Parties to the UNFCCC meet in Berlin (the 1st
Conference of Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC) to outline
specific targets on emissions.
1997 -- In December the parties conclude the Kyoto
Protocol in Kyoto, Japan, in which they agree to the broad
outlines of emissions targets.
05/28/15 7
8. 2002 -- Russia and Canada ratify the Kyoto Protocol to
the UNFCCC bringing the treaty into effect on 16 February
2005.
2011 -- Canada became the first signatory to announce
its withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol.
2012 -- On 31 December 2012, the first commitment
period under the Protocol expired.
05/28/15 8
10. MONTREAL PROTOCOL
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty
designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the
production of numerous substances that are responsible
for ozone depletion.
It was agreed on September 16, 1987, and entered into
force on January 1, 1989.
As a result of the international agreement, the ozone
hole in Antarctica is slowly recovering.
Climate projections indicate that the ozone layer will
return to 1980 levels between 2050 and 2070.
05/28/15
11. Multilateral fund
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), through
the UNEP DTIE Ozon Action Programme.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO).
World Bank.
Aim-to assist developing country parties to the Montreal
Protocol whose annual per capita consumption and
production of ozone depleting substances (ODS) is less than
0.3 kg to comply with the control measures of the Protocol.
Currently, 147 of the 196 Parties of montreal protocol meet
this criteria.
The year 2012 marked the 25th anniversary of the signing
of the Montreal Protocol.05/28/15 11
12. Due to its widespread adoption and
implementation it has been hailed as an example
of exceptional international co-operation, with
Kofi Annan quoted as saying that "perhaps the
single most successful international agreement to
date has been the Montreal Protocol".
05/28/15 12
14. CARBON TAX
A carbon tax is a tax levied on the carbon content
of fuels. It is a form of carbon pricing
Carbon taxes offer a potentially cost-effective means
of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Many large users of carbon resources in electricity
generation, such as the United States, Russia, and China
were resisting carbon
taxation
05/28/15 14
15. India
On July 1, 2010 India introduced a nationwide carbon tax of
50 rupees per metric tonne of coal both produced and
imported into India.
In a budget speech on 2014, the finance Minister increased
the Price to 100 rupees per metric tonne.
A carbon tax is a step towards helping India meet their
voluntary target to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide
released per unit of gross domestic product by 25% from
2005 levels by 2020
With the new government in India under PM Narendra
Modi, the carbon tax has been further increased from 100Rs
per tonne to 200 Rs per tonne in the Budget 2015-16.
15
16. China
The Chinese Government Ministry of Finance has
proposed to introduce a carbon tax from 2012 or 2013, based
on carbon dioxide output from hydrocarbon fuel sources such
as oil and coal
South Africa
A tax on emissions has been proposed for South
Africa. Announced by Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan, the tax
will be implemented starting September 1, 2015 on new motor
vehicles.This tax will apply at the time of sale, and will be
related to the amount of CO2 emitted by the vehicle.
Middle East
No tax on fossil fuel production has been established in
any of the oil or natural gas producing countries as of 2014.
05/28/15 16
17. What is Carbon Credit under the KYOTO
Protocol…
17
A credit for reducing 1
ton of CO2 (Green House
Gases) from the
atmosphere
19. India along with China, lead countries in
earning Carbon Credit
05/28/15 19
20. India pocketed Rs 1,500
crores in the year
2005 just by
selling carbon
credits to developed-
country clients.
India has generated 30 million
Carbon credits & 140 million
are in pipeline
05/28/15 20
21. Some of the Leading companies of
India using & selling Carbon Credits…
05/28/15 21
GUJARAT FLOUROCARBONS Ltd.
22. POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE
It is a principle in the international environmental law
where the polluter pays for damage done to the natural
environment. It is also known as the extended polluter
responsibility.
Whoever is responsible for damage to the
environment should bear the cost associated with it.
Its purpose seeks to shift the responsibility in dealing
with waste from governments to the entities producing
it.
05/28/15 22
23. Burden of proof
A straight forward interpretation of the polluter pays
principle would suggest that if the consumption or
production activities of one group of consumers or
producers have harmful effects on others then the
perpetrators of the harms should be held liable for the
damages.
A simple example is tax on petrol, when consuming
petrol we create pollution so the tax means the price
will pay more closely reflect the social cost.
05/28/15 23
24. CARBON FREE CITY
Cities aspiring to be Carbon-free- Masdar City (UAE)
Dongtan (China)
Malacca also has a stated ambition to become a carbon-free city,
with a Low Carbon Cities programme being piloted in Malaysia as
of 2014
Masdar city ---
World's first zero-carbon city is -- Masdar City
Constructed in the Gulf emirate of Abu Dhabi
House of 50,000 people.
Construction began in February 2008
The desert city is designed to be powered entirely with renewable
energy, including solar power and wind power
05/28/15 24
25. Dongtan -- developers plan on a fully built city,
with 80,000 residents by 2020.
Initatives
Transport
Cars will be banned within the city, instead battery-
powered and auto piloted personal rapid transit systems (PRT)
will be used.
Visitors to the city must park their cars outside and use
public transit.
both prototypes there will be ideal conditions to encourage
walking or cycling
Energy
Eco-cities are self-sufficient in energy.
meet energy need through solar, wind and biomass sources.
About 80% of energy will be solar energy, it will be
generated through photovoltaic panels concentrated solar
collectors, and solar thermal tubes.
05/28/15 25
26. RIO SUMMIT 1992
It is United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio Summit, Rio
Conference, and Earth Summit, a major United Nations
Conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
172 governments participated, with 116 sending their
heads of state or government.
Some 2,400 representatives of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) attended.
27. Issues addressed included:
systematic scrutiny of patterns of production —
particularly the production of toxic components, such
as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including
radioactive chemicals
alternative sources of energy to replace the use of fossil
fuels which are linked to global climate change
new reliance on public transportation systems in order to
reduce vehicle emission
the growing scarcity of water.
05/28/15 27
28. Achievements
The Earth Summit resulted in the following documents:
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
Agenda 21
Forest Principles
Important legally binding agreements (Rio Convention)
were opened for signature:
Convention on Biological Diversity
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
05/28/15 28
29. ORGANISATIONS WORKING
INTERNATIONAL
WORLDWIDE POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATION
Mission is to improve air pollution control through better technical
communication like seminar, technical journal and website.
WPCA has assembled a group of people and companies who are
experts at some aspect of pollution control.
US ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Mission- to protect human health and the environment through
•Develop and enforce regulations
•Give grants
•Study environmental issue
•Sponser partnership
•Publish information
•Teach people about environment
05/28/15 29
30. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Supplies daily weather forecasts, severe storm warnings and
climate monitoring.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
Agency of the United Nations
Authoritative voice on the state and behaviour of the Earth's
atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it produces
and the resulting distribution of water resources.
05/28/15 30
31. Greenpeace
Earth System Governance Project (ESGP)
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
World Nature Organization (WNO)
Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
05/28/15 31
32. National air quality index
Launched by PM MODI on 6 april during 2 day conference of
Environment and Forest ministers
Activities-
a) will put out real time data about level of pollutants in air
b) will inform people about possible impacts on health.
AQI launched for 10 cities –
Delhi, Agra,
Kanpur, Lucknow ,
Varanasi, Faridabad,
Ahmedabad, Chennai, Bangalore,
Hyderabad .
33. NCR States draw up action plan to tackle air pollution
Delhi Haryana, UP, Rajsthan work out 3 month plan to fight air
pollution
Strict action against polluting vehicles in delhi
Monitoring of centres which issue PUC certificates
18 Ghaziabad coal based units to be converted to gas
Haryana not to register any non BS IV vehicles in 11 NCR districts
MCD, NDMC to set up bio waste plants.
Helplines in Haryana , UP & Rajsthan to report open burning of
leaves, waste
Strict implementation of ban on crop stubble burning 33
34. INDIA
CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
National air quality monitoring programme started by CPCB in
1990.
In this programme ,342 stations monitors 127 cities/ towns in 26
states & 4 union territory .
Objective- To determine status & trends of ambient air quality
To ascertain whether the prescribed ambient air
quality standards are violated;
To Identify Non-attainment Cities;
To obtain the knowledge and understanding necessary
for developing preventive and corrective
Four air pollutants- 1] Sulphur dioxide , 2] Nitrogen dioxide
3] SPM , 4] RSPM (pm10)
Monitoring parameters- 1] wind speed , 2] wind direction ,
3] humidity, 4] temperature 34
35. Monitoring frequency- for 24 hrs , twice weekly (2 ×
52 weeks) 104 observations in year.
Support -- WHO,CPCB,SPCB,PCC, NEERI
CPCB gives financial and technical support.
Data- generated with probability of variants &
personnel biases, so data not absolute but indicative
of pollution.
05/28/15 35
37. Monitoring stations under NAMP(National Air Quality Monitoring Programme) in Maharashtra
Sr. No. Name of City
No. of
stations
Operated by
1. Mumbai 3 NEERI
2. Thane 3 Thane Municipal Corporation
3. Pune 4 University of Pune
4 Nagpur 4 Vishveshrayya National Institute of Technology
3 NEERI
5. Chandrapur 6 Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Chandrapur
6. Aurangabad 3 Saraswati Bhuvan College, Aurangabad
7. Dombivali -Ambarnath 2 MPCB
8. Nashik 3 K T H M College, Nashik.
9. Solapur 2 Walchand Institute of Technology.
10. Kolhapur 3 Shivaji University, Kolhapur
11. Tarapur MIDC 3 MPCB
12. Lote MIDC 2 MPCB
13. Taloja MIDC 3 K.B.P.College, Vashi
14. Navi Mumbai (TTC) 3 K.B.P.College, Vashi
15. Amaravati 3 Govt. Eng. College, Amaravati
Total 45
05/28/15 37
38. Monitoring stations under SAMP(State Air Quality Monitoring Programme) in Maharashtra
Sr. No. Name of City No. of stationsOperated by Remarks
1. Ulhasnagar 3 CHM College, Ulhas Nagar
2. Jalna 2 MPCB
3. Pune 1 University of Pune
4. Nashik 1 MPCB
5. Nagpur 1 MPCB
6. Aurangabad 1 MPCB
Total 905/28/15 38
41. Land-farming
Is a bioremediation treatment process that is performed in the
upper soil zone or in biotreatment cells.
Contaminated soils, sediments, or sludges are incorporated
into the soil surface and periodically turned over (tilled) to aerate
the mixture.
This technique has been used for years in the management
and disposal of oily sludge and other petroleum refinery wastes
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44. e.g 1) The restoration of abandoned metal mine
workings,
2) Reducing the impact of contaminants in soils,
water, or air.
3) Contaminants such as metals, pesticides,
solvents, explosives, and crude oil and its
derivatives, have been mitigated in
phytoremediation projects worldwide.
Many plants such as mustard plants, alpine
pennycress, hemp, and pigweed have proven to be
successful at hyper accumulating contaminants at toxic
waste sites
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48. MYCO-REMEDIATION
• The process of using fungi to degrade or sequester contaminants in
the environment.
• Primary roles of fungi in the ecosystem is decomposition, which is
performed by the mycelium
• Some fungi are hyper accumulators, capable of absorbing and
concentrating heavy metals in the mushroom fruit bodies.
•In 2007 this method was used in San Francisco. Oil had contaminated
the shoreline after a cargo ship spilled 58,000 gallons of heavy fuel oil.
An experiment was designed that collected and layered with
oyster mushrooms and straw: the mushrooms broke down the oil and
after several weeks the resulting soil was clean enough to be used for
roadside landscaping
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50. In 2002, the International Union of Soil Sciences
proposed December 5 to be "World Soil Day" to celebrate
the importance of soil in our lives.
Under the framework of the GSP, the sixty-eighth
session of the United Nations General Assembly in
December 2013 designated December 5th as the World
Soil Day and declared 2015 as the “International Year of
Soils” with the aim to raise awareness on the importance
of soils for ecosystem functions and food security
05/28/15 51
51. Monitoring of soil
Done by Central Soil Material Research Station [CSMRS] ,Delhi
GOI -- in 2014-15 introduced scheme of Soil Health Card For
every farmer and also mobile soil testing laboratories.
Soil Health Card Scheme–
Concerning the deteriorating the soil health which leads to
sub-optimal utilization of farming resources.
The government will initiate to provide every farmer a soil
health card in a mission mode.
A sum of Rs. 100 crore is allotted.
An additional Rs. 56 crores have been allocated to set up 100
mobile soil testing laboratories across the country.
05/28/15 52
53. Water quality monitoring programme
National water quality programme
CPCB + SPCBs/PCCs established a nationwide network of water
quality monitoring comprising 2500 stations in 28 States and 6 Union
Territories.
Done on monthly or quarterly basis in surface waters and on half
yearly basis in case of ground water.
Network covers 445 Rivers,154 Lakes, 12 Tanks, 78 Ponds, 41
Creeks, 25 canals, 45 Drains, 10 water treatment plants and 807
Wells.
Among the 2500 stations, 1275 are on rivers, 190 on lakes, 45 on
drains, 41 on canals, 12 on tank, 41 on creeks/seawater, 79 on pond
and 807 are groundwater stations
05/28/15 54
54. State water quality programme
MPCB is executing GEMS/MINARS projects under National
Water Quality Monitoring Program (NWMP) funded by CPCB.
At present MPCB monitors 48 Surface water and 25 Ground
Water locations. Total 73 Stations.
Network covers 45 Rivers, 3 Creeks and 25 ground water
locations. Monitoring at these stations is done as per the Uniform
Protocol for water quality monitoring prescribed by MoEF and CPCB.
GEMS (Global Environmental Monitoring System) project- 5
Rivers
Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources System
(MINARS) project- 40 Rivers, 3 Creeks 25 ground water stations
05/28/15 55
55. Presently the inland water quality-monitoring network is
operated under a three-tier programme
i.e. Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS),
Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources System (MINARS)
and
Yamuna Action Plan (YAP).
Water samples are being analysed for 28 parameters consisting of
9 core parameters, 19 other physico-chemical and bacteriological
parameters apart from the field observations.
Besides this, 9 trace metals and 15 pesticides are also analysed in
selected samples.
05/28/15 56
57. Organisation working with projects:
Ganga Rejuvenate programme by Ministry of Water Resources ,
River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation.
Swachcha Bharat abhiyan (Clean India Movement ) by Ministry Of
Urban Development.
Total sanitation campaign in Maharashtra
Sant Gadgebaba Swachata Abhiyan by state of ministry of rural
water supply in Maharashtra
National environmental engineering & research institute (NEERI),
Nagpur
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI),Mumbai.
05/28/15 58
58. National River Ganga Basin Authority (NRGBA)
NRGBA was established by the Central Government of India, on 20
February 2009 under Section 3 (3) of the Environment Protection Act,
1986.
Declared Ganges as the "National River" of India.
Chairs are -- Prime Minister of India and Chief Ministers of states
through which the Ganges flows.
IN 2011, the World Bank "approved $1 billion in funding for the
National Ganga River Basin Authority.
Centre has confidence that by 2020 the polluted River Ganga will
be cleaned and Rs 15,000 crore will spent .
Objective --
To ensure effective abatement of pollution and conservation
of the river Ganga by adopting a holistic approach with the river basin
as the unit of planning.
05/28/15 59
61. Clean INDIA Mission
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ( स्वच्छ भारत अभिभयान) is a national
campaign by the Government of India, covering 4041 statutory
towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country.
This campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at
Rajghat, New Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself
cleaned the road.
It is India's biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government
employees and school and college students of India participated in
this event
05/28/15 62
62. Objective
This campaign aims to accomplish the vision of a 'Clean India' by 2
October 2019, the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi
Specific Objectives are:
Elimination of open defecation
Conversion of insanitary toilets to pour flush toilets
Eradication of manual scavenging
100% collection and scientific processing / disposal / reuse /
recycling of municipal solid waste
A behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation
practices
Generation of awareness among citizens about sanitation and its
linkages with public health
Supporting urban local bodies in designing, executing and
operating waste disposal systems
Facilitating private-sector participation in capital expenditure and
operation and maintenance costs for sanitary facilities
05/28/15 63
63. Rajiv Gandhi Environment Award for Clean
Technology
Award given to industrial units that make a significant
contribution towards the development of new, or the
innovative modification of existing, technologies or
adoption and use of clean technologies and practices that
substantially reduce or prevent environmental pollution.
The award consist of a cash prize of Rupees Two lakh,
trophy and citation.
05/28/15 64
64. There is a scheme of National Awards for the Prevention of
Pollution in which 23 awards are given each year, one in each of the
identified eighteen categories of highly polluting industries
Sugar, Fertilizer,
Cement, Fermentation and distilleries,
Aluminium, Petro-chemicals, Thermal
power, Caustic soda, Oil refinery,
Sulphuric acid, Copper
smelting, Zinc smelting, Iron
and steel, Tanneries, pulp
and paper, Dye and dye intermediates,
pesticides, Pharmaceuticals
5 awards in the small-scale category.
Tanneries, Pulp and Paper
Dye and Dye Intermediates Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
05/28/15 65
66. Roadways noise
Roadway noise can be reduced by the
Use of noise barriers,
Limitation of vehicle speeds,
Alteration of roadway surface texture,
Limitation of heavy vehicles, and
Tire design
Noise barrier (a/k/a sound wall, sound berm, sound barrier,
or acoustical barrier)
Is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of
sensitive land use areas from noise pollution.
Noise barriers are the most effective method of
mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources
05/28/15 67
67. Benefits -
Lessened sleep disturbance,
Improved ability to enjoy outdoor life,
Reduced speech interference,
Stress reduction,
Reduced risk of hearing impairment, and a Reduction in the
elevated blood pressure created by noise (that improves
cardiovascular health ).
05/28/15 68
70. Aircraft noise abatement
• By using quieter jet engines.
• Altering flight paths and time of day runway has
benefitted residents near airports.
• Residential sound proofing.
Residential sound proofing
• Insulation of home near airports
• Done at San Francisco International Airport,
Seattle-Tacoma International Airport,
John Wayne International Airport and
San Jose International Airport in
California.
05/28/15 71
71. Use of quiter engines
Modern high-bypass turbofan engines, are quieter than
the turbojets and low-bypass turbofans
Noise-reducing chevrons on a Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 turbofan
engine
Night flying restrictions
At Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted airports in London, UK
and Frankfurt Airport in Germany, apply to reduce noise exposure
at night.05/28/15 72
72. Buy Quiet?
Buy Quiet is a prevention initiative which:
Encourages companies to purchase or rent quieter machinery and
tools to reduce worker noise exposure.
Provides information on equipment noise levels, so companies can
buy quieter products that make the workplace safer.
Encourages manufacturers to design quieter equipment by creating
a demand for quieter products.
05/28/15 73
73. Benefits of Buy Quiet
Reducing the risk of hearing loss.
Reducing the long-term costs of audiometric testing,
personal protective equipment, and workers
compensation. Conservative estimates provide $100 per
dBA of savings when purchasing the quieter product
Helping companies comply with OSHA and other noise
regulation requirements.
Reducing the impact of noise on the community
05/28/15 74
74. Buy Quiet Partners and Promoters
New York City Department of Environmental Protection – In
2007 released a products and vendor guidance sheet to help
contractors comply with the New York City Noise Regulations.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – In 2009
implemented a Buy Quiet program
International Institute for Noise Control Engineering – In 2011 held
the symposium ‘Inducing Buy Quiet Purchasing Attitudes Through
Simplified Product Noise Ratings’.
05/28/15 75
75. Other organisations
CPWR –The centre for construction research and
training
American tinnitus association
Honeywell international initiative, Toolbox training:
construction
Great plains centre for agricultural health
The laborers health and safety fund of north america
05/28/15 76
76. References
1) Kyoto Protocol. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol (cited 12 April 2015).
2) Montreal protocol. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocol (cited 14 April
2015)
3) Carbon tax. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tax#Footnotes (cited 11 April 2015)
4)Carbon credit. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_credit (cited 14 April 2015).
5)Polluter pays principle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polluter_pays_principle (cited 12
April 2015).
6)Zero carbon city. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-carbon_city (cited 13 April 2015).
7)UN Conference On Environment And Development.
http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html (cited 10 April 2015).
8)Earth Summit. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Summit (cited 10 April 2015).
9)http://www.unep.org/Documents.Multilingual/Default.asp?
documentid=78&articleid=1163
10)List of environmental organisations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_environmental_organizations (cited 15 April 2015).
05/28/15 77
77. 11) NATIONAL AIR QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME. http://cpcb.nic.in/air.php (cited
14 April 2015).
12)AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK. http://mpcb.gov.in/air
%20quality/air_quality.php (cited 14 April 2015).
13)NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS IN MAHARASHTRA
(NAMP). http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/NAMPstations2012.pdf (cited 14 April 2015)
14)STATE AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS IN MAHARASHTRA (SAMP).
http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/SAMPSTATIONS2012.pdf (cited 14 April 2015).
15)Air Quality - Strengthening of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.
http://mpcb.gov.in/envtdata/airstrengthing.php (cited 15 April 2015).
16)Worldwide Pollution Control Association. http://www.wpca.info/ (cited 16 April 2015)
17)Indian Pollution Control Association. http://www.ipcaworld.co.in/ (cited 16 April 2015)
18)NWMP Station Details (GEMS/MINARS) (Surface Water).
http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/NWMP.pdf (cited 15 April 2015)
19)Surface water locations under SWMP . http://mpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/SWMP.pdf
(cited 15 April 2015).
20)Water Quality-Maps of Environmental Monitoring Network of Maharashtra.
http://mpcb.gov.in/envtdata/mapsofwq.php (cited 15 April 2015)
05/28/15 78
78. 21) Water Quality Criteria. http://cpcb.nic.in/Water_Quality_Criteria.php (cited 16 April
2015).
22) Ministry of Environment and Forest Government of India.
http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/ngrba/index.html (cited 13 April 2015)
23) National Ganga River Basin Authority.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ganga_River_Basin_Authority (cited 13 April
2015).
24) “NATIONAL GANGA RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY’ (NGRBA): OBJECTIVES, APPROACH AND
FUNCTIONS". http://cpcb.nic.in/ngrba/about.html (cited 13 April 2015)
25) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Abhiyan (cited
14 April 2015).
26) Bioremediation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation (cited 16 April 2015)
27) Bioaugmentation. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioaugmentation (cited 16 April 2015).
28) LandFarming. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfarming (cited 13 April 2015).
05/28/15 79
79. 29)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioaugmentation
30)http://www.asm.org/index.php/scientists-in-k-12-outreach/classroom-
activities/23-education/k-12-teachers/8212-the-role-of-microorganisms-in-the-
ecosystem
31)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostimulation
32)“Phytoremediation Website” — Includes reviews, conference announcements,
lists of companies doing phytoremediation, and bibliographies.
33)“An Overview of Phytoremediation of Lead and Mercury” June 6 2000. The
Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information Web Site.
34)“Enhanced phytoextraction of arsenic from contaminated soil using sunflower”
September 22 2004. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
35)“Phytoextraction”, February 2000. Brookhaven National Laboratory 2000.
36)“Phytoextraction of Metals from Contaminated Soil” April 18, 2001. M.M. Lasat
37)July 2002. Donald Bren School of Environment Science & Management.
38)“Phytoremediation” October 1997. Department of Civil Environmental
Engineering.
39)“Phytoremediation” June 2001, Todd Zynda.
40)“Phytoremediation of Lead in Residential Soilsin Dorchester, MA” May, 2002.
Amy Donovan Palmer, Boston Public Health Commission.05/28/15 80