The document discusses the main types of structural failures: 1. Shear failure occurs when loading exceeds the bond strength between materials or member connections. 2. Bending/flexural failure happens near the mid-section of vertical and horizontal members due to excessive moment. 3. Compression failure results when an eccentric load is applied, causing buckling and then yielding or cracking. 4. Tensile failure occurs from an eccentric tensile load, with materials cracking or snapping near the mid-section. 5. Foundation failures include global failure, differential settlement, sliding, bearing capacity failure, liquefaction, and rotational failure. 6. Buckling is a failure of slim members from excessive bending loads,