Soils, Types and methods of assessment by Flourish Omotola

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SOILS

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SOILS

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SOILS
This is a mixture of weathered rock,
mineral particles, decomposed
plants and animals. It is composed
of particles, water and air. It could
be consolidated (compacted) or
unconsolidated (uncompacted).

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TYPES OF WEATHERING
1. Physical Weathering
(i) Unloading due to erosion
(ii) Impact loading
(iii) Thermal loading
(iv) Wetting and drying
(v) Freezing
2. Chemical Weathering
(i) Oxidation and reduction
(ii) Leaching- migration of ions
downward through the as soil
(iii) solutions (acid)

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TYPES OF SOIL
1. Clay (<0.002)- very cohesive soil.
Less permeable. Little compression.
Particles can be seen by an electron
microscope.
2. Silt (0.063 - 0.002mm)- Particles
can be seen via magnifying glass.
3. Sand (2- 0.063mm)
4. Fine Grit
5. Gravel (2mm - 63mm) Not
cohesive. Very permeable.
Compressible.

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TYPES OF SOIL
Cohesiveness increases
with decrease in particle
size. Permeability and
compressibility decreases
with decrease in particle
size.

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MEASURING SOIL PROPERTIES
1. Atterberg limit- shear
strength indicator.
2. Coefficient of
uniformity- soil gradation.
3. California Bearing Ratio
4. Triaxial Test
5. Consolidation Test
6. Cone penetration Test
7. Standard Penetration
Test
8. Dynamic probes