Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
what is a ribbon bridge
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Arch is a curved structure designed to carry loads across a gap mainly by compression. The mechanical principle of the arch is precisely the same as that of the portal frame. The straight pieces of material joined by sharp bends are smoothed into a continuous curve. This increases the cost of construction but greatly reduces the stresses.
For more detail on Arch Systems and architecture engineering,
visit us - www.archistudent.net
Follow us - https://www.facebook.com/Archified-162820443787915/
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
what is a ribbon bridge
stress ribbon pedestrian bridges
cancer symbols and colors
bridge materials for sale
materials used to build bridges
used bridge
material used in construction
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2019
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
mechanical engineering seminar topics 2018
Arch is a curved structure designed to carry loads across a gap mainly by compression. The mechanical principle of the arch is precisely the same as that of the portal frame. The straight pieces of material joined by sharp bends are smoothed into a continuous curve. This increases the cost of construction but greatly reduces the stresses.
For more detail on Arch Systems and architecture engineering,
visit us - www.archistudent.net
Follow us - https://www.facebook.com/Archified-162820443787915/
A Stress Ribbon Bridge is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports.
While Designing a High rise Load & Structural Analysis is major factor to consider. Here we analyzed some data and try to describe briefly. We hope that it will help you lot :) Done by Neeti Lamic, Bayezid, Sykot Hasan
In last decades steel structures has played an impo rtant role in construction industry. Providing strength,stability and ductility are major purpose s of seismic design. It is necessary to design a structure to perform well under seismic loads. Stee l braced frame is one of the structural systems used to resist earthquake loads in structures. Stee l bracing is economical,easy to erect,occupies less space and has flexibility to design for meetin g the required strength and stiffness. Bracing can be used as retrofit as well. There are various type s of steel bracings such as Diagonal,X,K,V,inverted V type or chevron and global type concentr ic bracings. In the present study,it was shown that modeling of the G+4 steel bare frame with vari ous bracings (X,V,inverted V,and Knee bracing) by computer software SAP2000 and pushover analysis results are obtained. Comparison between the seismic parameters such as base shear,roof displacement,time period,storey drift,performance point for steel bare frame with differe nt bracing patterns are studied. It is found that the X type of steel bracings significantly contribu tes to the structural stiffness and reduces the maximum interstate drift of steel building than oth er bracing systems.
we select cantilever beam having I,C,T section and we select material cast iron, stainless steel, steel and analyze base upon modal and static analysis.we see here deformation,stress ,strain and based upon it we conclude.
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
A Stress Ribbon Bridge is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports.
While Designing a High rise Load & Structural Analysis is major factor to consider. Here we analyzed some data and try to describe briefly. We hope that it will help you lot :) Done by Neeti Lamic, Bayezid, Sykot Hasan
In last decades steel structures has played an impo rtant role in construction industry. Providing strength,stability and ductility are major purpose s of seismic design. It is necessary to design a structure to perform well under seismic loads. Stee l braced frame is one of the structural systems used to resist earthquake loads in structures. Stee l bracing is economical,easy to erect,occupies less space and has flexibility to design for meetin g the required strength and stiffness. Bracing can be used as retrofit as well. There are various type s of steel bracings such as Diagonal,X,K,V,inverted V type or chevron and global type concentr ic bracings. In the present study,it was shown that modeling of the G+4 steel bare frame with vari ous bracings (X,V,inverted V,and Knee bracing) by computer software SAP2000 and pushover analysis results are obtained. Comparison between the seismic parameters such as base shear,roof displacement,time period,storey drift,performance point for steel bare frame with differe nt bracing patterns are studied. It is found that the X type of steel bracings significantly contribu tes to the structural stiffness and reduces the maximum interstate drift of steel building than oth er bracing systems.
we select cantilever beam having I,C,T section and we select material cast iron, stainless steel, steel and analyze base upon modal and static analysis.we see here deformation,stress ,strain and based upon it we conclude.
A report format presentation of earthquake-resistance construction techniques, stressing upon the relevance of such techniques in the architecture industry.
This presentation consists of information about earthquake and techniques used in the low cost earthquake resistant structures. There is complete description about the earthquake as well as the techniques related to the eq resistant techniques
Get power point presentation n soil liquefaction. Get handwritten notes of any subject and any university at LectureNotes.in.
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CONTENTS
• Introduction and brief list of Failures and Solution in Pile Foundation.
• Major issues and their solutions during Pile Foundation construction:
o Pile foundation problems and its solutions.
o Settlement of adjacent structures or adjacent grounds and its
solutions.
o Faults in concrete and its solutions.
o Working load faults and its solutions.
• Underpinning
Similar to Lec03 Earthquake Force Using Response Specturum Method (1) (Earthquake Engineering هندسة الزلازل & Assc.Prof Nasser El-Shafey) (20)
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. When loose, saturated sands, silts, or gravel shaken, the
material consolidates, reducing the porosity and increasing
pore water pressure. The ground settles, often unevenly,
tilting and toppling structures that were formerly supported
by the soil
Liquefaction can cause problems as soil loses it’s ability to
resist shear and flows much like quick sand. Anything
relying on the substrata for support can shift, tilt, rupture, or
collapse.
1-Liquefaction
Damage of Structure As A Result Of Soil Problems
4. Liquefaction
Adapazari, Turkey
1999
1995 Kobe, Japan earthquake,
increase pore pressure pushed
quay wall bridge near the west
end toward the river, allowing
the soil and western-most pier
to move one meter Eastward.
5. 2- Landslides
When a steeply inclined mass of soil is Suddenly shaken,
a slip-plane can form, and the material slides downhill.
During a landslide, structures sitting on the slide move
downward and structures below the slide are hit by falling
debris.
6. In 1970 an earthquake off coast of Peru produced a
landslide began 80 miles away from earthquake.
The slide was large (estimated it's height at about
30 meters), killing more than 18,000 people.
Gravity retaining wall pushed
outward by landslide
One of about 75 homes
damaged as a result of the
Turnagain Heights slide.
7. Collapse of Tsu Wei Bridge
due to landslide during the
Ji Ji, Taiwan earthquake.
Slope instability –
Niigata, Japan 2004
8. IMPORTANCE OF GROUND CONDITIONS
Local soil conditions, particularly deep layers of soft soil as may
be found in river valleys or near estuaries, significantly amplify
shaking. They also modify the frequency content of seismic waves
by filtering out higher frequency excitations
9. DAMAGE AS A RESULT OF STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
Engineers will occasionally design foundations to rock during
earthquakes as a way of dissipating energy and of reducing
the demand on the structure; however, when the foundation
is too small, it can become unstable and rock over
1. Foundation Failure
Large longitudinal
displacements of
bridge span causing
damage to abutment
10. 2. Foundation Connections
Structures need to be well anchored to foundation.
The longitudinal reinforcement did not have sufficient
development length to transfer the force to the footing
11. Soft Story
Soft Story
Soft First Story is
a discontinuity of
strength and
stiffness for
lateral load at the
ground level.
3. Soft Story
Soft Storey at Ground Floor
12. Soft story (stiffening structural elements which are present
in the upper stories are missing at the ground floor)
13. 1) Building Plan
2) Heavy mass at top should be avoided
Smaller water tank at top is preferred
NO YES
17. 4. Torsional Moments
Curved, skewed, and eccentrically
supported structures often
experience a torsional moment
during earthquakes.
18. 5. Shear
Most building structures use shear walls or moment-resisting
frames to resist lateral forces during earthquakes. Damage to
these systems varies from minor cracks to complete collapse.
M. McKinley-ALASKA
19. 6. Flexural Failure
Flexural members are often designed to form plastic hinges
during large earthquakes. A plastic hinge allows a member to
yield and deform while continuing to support its load; however,
when there is insufficient confinement for reinforced concrete
members a flexural failure will occur instead.
Often, flexural damage
is accompanied by
compression or shear
damage, as the capacity
of the damaged area
has been lowered.
21. 7. Connection Problems
When a bridge superstructure moves off its expansion joint
or when the connections between building columns and
beams fail, the result is too often the COLLAPSE of the
structure.
22. Special structural systems
1-Rigid frames
2-Shear walls
3-Frames and cores
4- Coupled framed-shear wall systems
5- Cores-coupled shear wall
6- Tubular systems
7- Perforated tubes.
8- Tube in tube.
9- Bundle tube.
Structural system Number of floors
Frames 20
Shear walls 35
Frames & shear walls 50
Cores-coupled shear walls 55
Perforated tube 60
Tube in tube 65
Bundle tube 90
23. The response spectrum is a convenient method for illustrating
and quantifying how natural period of vibration and damping
of a building affects its response to earthquake shaking.
SEISMIC FORCES
24. Natural period of vibration of building has huge effect on maximum horizontal
acceleration, and magnitude. Buildings with T=0.2 to 0.7 seconds are amplifying
ground acc. by almost a factor of 3.0. As natural periods become longer, from 0.7
to 1.7 seconds, peak accelerations reduce towards the same intensity as the peak
ground acceleration. Beyond 1.7 seconds, maximum accelerations continue to
diminish until at T=4.0 seconds building acceleration is only 0.3 of the maximum
ground acceleration.
Earthquake effects on buildings depend on:
Mass of structure Stiffness of structure
Ductility of structures Foundation type
Soil conditions Earthquake zone
25. 1.Symmetry: The structure is almost symmetrical in plan along
two orthogonal directions regarding the lateral stiffness and
mass distribution.
2.Recesses: shall not exceed 5% of the floor area.
3.Aspect Ratio: Lx / Ly <4.0.
4.Torsional regularity: eccentricity between C.M. & C.R.
< 15% Li for each direction (Li=Lx &Ly for x & y directions).
Plan Regularity
Quasi static analysis: Regular buildings; H <100 m & H/B <5.
Response Spectra: Regular buildings; H=100-150 m or H/B >5.
Dynamic analysis: Irregular buildings or H>150m.
Earthquake methods of Analysis
26. Elevation Regularity
All lateral force resisting elements such as cores,
shear walls or frames should be continuous from
foundation up to the last floor or setback or recess
level.
Stiffness and mass regularity: Difference between
two successive floors does not exceed 75% for Lateral
stiffness and 50% for mass.
Capacity Continuity: ratio between actual to
required resistance of columns in framed structures
should sustain for successive floor. The masonry
walls effect should be considered as such.
Vertical geometric regularity.