Downloaded 78 times
Uploaded byOPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system
The document presents a discussion on real-time simulation techniques for micro-grid versus large power systems, highlighting various simulation types such as rapid controller prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop. It addresses the challenges faced by micro-grids during real-time simulation and outlines methodologies for large power system simulations, including specialized software and distributed approaches. The content is presented in the context of an international conference on industrial technology.
More Related Content
Similar to Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system
![5G Explained! A High Level Overview [Introduction]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/5gexplainedahighleveloverview-260119165306-cc137a3e-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Real-time simulator requirement for micro-grid simulation vs large power system
- 1. www.opal-rt.com Real-time simulator requirement formicro-grid simulation vs large power system Presented by Luc-André Grégoire International Conference on Industrial Technology March 17th-19th, 2015
- 2. 2 Outline 2 - Presentation ofreal-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 3. 3 Presentation of real-timesimulation How many type of real-time simulation exist? Pure Simulation Controller Plant IOs
- 4. 4 Presentation of real-timesimulation How many type of real-time simulation exist? Controller Plant IOs Real-time simulation
- 5. 5 Presentation of real-timesimulation How many type of real-time simulation exist? Rapid Controller Prototyping (RCP) IOs Controller Plant IOs Controller Plant IOs Real-time simulation
- 6. 6 Presentation of real-timesimulation 6 How many type of real-time simulation exist? IOs Controller Plant IOs Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL)
- 7. 7 Presentation of real-timesimulation 7 How many type of real-time simulation exist? IOs Controller Plant IOs Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) Controller Plant Real-plant Power amplifier Power signals IOs IOs Power-Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL)
- 8. 8 Presentation of real-timesimulation 8 How does real-time simulation work?
- 9. 9 Presentation of real-timesimulation 9 How does real-time simulation work? 𝑋 = 𝐴𝑋 + 𝐵𝑈 𝑌 = 𝐶𝑋 + 𝐷𝑈 𝑋 𝑛 = 𝐴𝑋 𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑈 𝑛 𝑌𝑛 = 𝑃𝑋 𝑛−1 + 𝑄𝑈 𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑅𝑇𝑆 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑇
- 10. 10 Presentation of real-timesimulation 10 How does real-time simulation work?
- 11. 11 Presentation of real-timesimulation 11 How does real-time simulation work?
- 12. 12 Presentation of real-timesimulation 12 How does real-time simulation work?
- 13. 13 Presentation of real-timesimulation 13 How does real-time simulation work?
- 14. 14 Presentation of real-timesimulation 14 How does real-time simulation work?
- 15. 15 Presentation of real-timesimulation 15 How does real-time simulation work?
- 16. 16 Presentation of real-timesimulation 16 How does real-time simulation work? 𝑋 𝑎 𝑛 𝑋 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝐴 𝑎 0 0 𝐴 𝑏 𝑋 𝑎 𝑛_1 𝑋 𝑏 𝑛_1 + 𝐵𝑎 0 0 𝐵 𝑏 𝑈 𝑎 𝑛 𝑈 𝑏 𝑛 𝑋 𝑎 𝑛 𝑋 𝑏 𝑛 = 𝐴 𝑎 𝐴 𝑎𝑏 𝐴 𝑏𝑎 𝐴 𝑏 𝑋 𝑎 𝑛_1 𝑋 𝑏 𝑛_1 + 𝐵𝑎 𝐵 𝑎𝑏 𝐵 𝑏𝑎 𝐵 𝑏 𝑈 𝑎 𝑛 𝑈 𝑏 𝑛
- 17. 17 Outline 17 - Presentation ofreal-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 18. 18 Large power systemsimulation technique 18 • Specialized software • ARTEMiS • SSN • Traditional method • Distributed parameter line • Stubline • Voltage/Current source
- 19. 19 Large power systemsimulation technique 19 • Distributed parameter line (DPL)
- 20. 20 Large power systemsimulation technique 20 • Distributed parameter line (DPL)
- 21. 21 Large power systemsimulation technique 21 • Distributed parameter line (DPL)
- 22. 22 Large power systemsimulation technique 22 • Stubline
- 23. 23 Large power systemsimulation technique 23 • Stubline 𝐶 = 𝑇𝑠2 𝐿 Ts
- 24. 24 Large power systemsimulation technique 24 • Stubline Ts 𝐿 = 𝑇𝑠2 𝐶 Ts
- 25. 25 Large power systemsimulation technique 25 • Voltage/Current source
- 26. 26 Large power systemsimulation technique 26 • Voltage/Current source
- 27. 27 Outline 27 - Presentation ofreal-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 28. 28 Micro-grid challenges forreal-time simulation 28 • Distributed parameter line (DPL) 1 km 𝑇𝑠 = 50 × 10−6 𝑇𝑠 = 500 × 10−9
- 29. 2929 • Stubline 𝐶 = 𝑇𝑠2 𝐿 Micro-gridchallenges for real-time simulation SI PU Nominal power 100 kVA 1 Nominal voltage 600 V 1 Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1 Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1 Capacitor conductance (50 Hz) 2.18 µF 0.0025 Capacitor conductance (5 kHz) 2.18 µF 0.25 𝑇𝑠 = 50 × 10−6
- 30. 3030 • Stubline 𝐶 = 𝑇𝑠2 𝐿 Micro-gridchallenges for real-time simulation SI PU Nominal power 100 kVA 1 Nominal voltage 600 V 1 Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1 Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1 Capacitor conductance (50 Hz) 2.18 µF 0.0025 Capacitor conductance (5 kHz) 2.18 µF 0.25 SI PU Nominal power 100 kVA 1 Nominal voltage 600 V 1 Nominal frequency 50 Hz 1 Line impedance 1.1 mH 0.1 Capacitor conductance (50 Hz) 87.27 nF 0.00001 Capacitor conductance (5 kHz) 87.27 nF 0.01 𝑇𝑠 = 10 × 10−6
- 31. 3131 Micro-grid challenges forreal-time simulation
- 32. 32 Outline 32 - Presentation ofreal-time simulation - Large power system simulation technique - Micro-grid challenges for real-time simulation - Distributed simulation approach
- 33.
- 34. 3434 Distributed simulation approach 12 3 1 2 3 Pure and RT simulation application
- 35. 3535 Distributed simulation approach 12 3 1 2 3 HIL application
- 36. 3636 Distributed simulation approach RCPsimulation application
- 37.
Editor's Notes
- #3 In this presentation I’ll identify difference between microgrid and large network. Also the different application of RTS in microgrid application.
- #4 1- Using RTS alone with both controller and plant simulated is pure simulation and not RT simulation.
- #5 2- If IO are used to communicate between controller and plant then it is RT simulation
- #6 3- When real-plant is available, RTS can be used to iterate different command law (very expensive DSP)
- #7 1- Once you’ve bought a small DSP and implemented your controller, plant can be simulated for various test (see what happen for a 40kVdc phase-phase fault not safe for lab test) 2- HIL can also be used to test some hardware using power amplifier.
- #8 1- Once you’ve bought a small DSP and implemented your controller, plant can be simulated for various test (see what happen for a 40kVdc phase-phase fault not safe for lab test) 2- HIL can also be used to test some hardware using power amplifier.
- #9 First you find equations to be solved and then you discretize them. Using fixed-step solver
- #10 First you find equations to be solved and then you discretize them. Using fixed-step solver
- #11 Fixed-step solvers are used since the model need to be synchronized with real world. 1- read input 2- solve model 3- output results
- #12 If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- #13 If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- #14 If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- #15 If the model to solve is too big, it might not be possible to solve within 1 time-step One solution is to increase the time-step. Doing so a stable model can become unstable
- #16 Using decoupling method, equations can be decoupled and solved in parallel. Allowing to keep a smaller time-step. We need to go from 1st matrix to the 2nd
- #17 Using decoupling method, equations can be decoupled and solved in parallel. Allowing to keep a smaller time-step. We need to go from 1st matrix to the 2nd
- #19 Specialized software, with proprietary methods can be used Literature also refers to more open technique
- #20 Taking into account propagation delay in a line, two system can be solved in parallel Rule of thumb 100km take at least 50µs Smaller time-step can still be used Dynamic of the system is rather slow, therefore 50µs is ok.
- #21 Taking into account propagation delay in a line, two system can be solved in parallel Rule of thumb 100km take at least 50µs Smaller time-step can still be used Dynamic of the system is rather slow, therefore 50µs is ok.
- #22 Taking into account propagation delay in a line, two system can be solved in parallel Rule of thumb 100km take at least 50µs Smaller time-step can still be used Dynamic of the system is rather slow, therefore 50µs is ok.
- #23 Propagation delay again but parasitic capacitors are added to achieve same parameters as DPL with exactly 1 step delay
- #24 Propagation delay again but parasitic capacitors are added to achieve same parameters as DPL with exactly 1 step delay
- #25 Propagation delay again but parasitic capacitors are added to achieve same parameters as DPL with exactly 1 step delay
- #26 When a large state is available, like a DC capacitor. If DC voltage is constant over 1 time-step, it can be decoupled. Each converter has a controlled voltage source, and the value is obtained by injecting each dc current in a capacitor
- #27 When a large state is available, like a DC capacitor. If DC voltage is constant over 1 time-step, it can be decoupled. Each converter has a controlled voltage source, and the value is obtained by injecting each dc current in a capacitor
- #29 Now instead of 50µs, Ts has to be around 500ns. Also generation is much small machine, therefore the inertia is much smaller too. Basically dynamics of smart-grid are much faster, requiring smaller time-step.
- #30 In the case of STUBLINE, at 50µs, for a 0.1pu of impedance, gives a capacitor of 0.0025pu. Less than 1% losses so it is negligible at 50Hz. At 5kHz, it becomes 0.25pu which greatly impact results This can be all solved by reducing the time-step.
- #31 In the case of STUBLINE, at 50µs, for a 0.1pu of impedance, gives a capacitor of 0.0025pu. Less than 1% losses so it is negligible at 50Hz. At 5kHz, it becomes 0.25pu which greatly impact results This can be all solved by reducing the time-step.
- #32 1- Many RTS use different technology for IO and for computation 2- During input/ouput, conditionning can be done. Filtering, pulse generation 3- To some extend, the whole model could be done on FPGA reducing time step and therefore losses and latency 4- CPU can be used for slower computation, like a controller at 50µs while FPGA is running much faster
- #34 Taking the different structure of microgrid: Ring Radial Mesh Regrouping some part of the model, it could then be distributed over different RTS. This can be achieved if High speed link are available Small time-step of simulation
- #35 When flexible RTS are used, they can be used for different part of the project. 1- can be used for pure simulation and RT-simulation 2- Removing the CTRL from RTS, can be interfaced with external controller
- #36 When flexible RTS are used, they can be used for different part of the project. 1- can be used for pure simulation and RT-simulation 2- Removing the CTRL from RTS, can be interfaced with external controller
- #37 RCP simulation can be achieved if the microgrid is available in the lab. Even a mix between RPC, PHIL, etc…
- #38 Some part of the circuit can be simulated, some can be real, interfaced with power amplifier