Towards cloud-based real-time HIL for wide-area special control and protection system testing
Presented by: Jean Belanger, President and CTO of OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract: High penetration of inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), widespread installation of FACTS and HVDC interconnection systems, and the decommissioning of thermal and nuclear plants are significantly reducing inertia in large-scale power systems. Fast power-electronics based control and protection schemes act to stabilize these systems, but they are sensitive to harmonics, transients, and system imbalances. It has been shown that simplified positive-sequence RMS models alone are insufficient for Transient Stability Assessment (TSA) of large-scale, low-inertia power grids. Therefore, utilities and regulators such as NERC, as well as professional associations such as CIGRE and IEEE, have begun investigating detailed EMT simulation to assess the transient stability of large-scale, low-inertia power grids that include power-electronic plant controllers.
However, detailed EMT simulation of large-scale power grids for 20 to 30 second time-frames and hundreds of contingencies presents a number of computational and analytic challenges including excessive simulation time, large-scale grid data management and the unavailability of detailed and validated models of power-electronic plant controllers. Furthermore, these plant controllers, if they are provided by OEMs, are in the form of blackbox, pre-compiled DLLs, which are implemented for specific simulation tools, without any interoperability standard.
This presentation will describe OPAL-RT solutions to achieve very large-scale, detailed grid EMT simulation in real-time for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) / Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) control and protection testing, as well as quasi-real-time simulation for fast TSA evaluation of large-scale, low-inertia power systems. With these solutions, blackboxcontrol and protection systems can be implemented natively in the EMT simulation tool, HYPERSIM. PSCAD DLLs can also be co-simulated with HYPERSIM using a software interface based on the CIGRE model-interoperability guidelines.
Such advances will accelerate connection studies and can be used to implement cloud-native tools to help operators assess system stability with hundreds of contingencies in 5-to 10-minute time-frames. This performance can be achieved for grids having several thousand busses with a 50-microsecond time-step using a few hundred processors.
As HYPERSIM runs under Windows or LINUX, powerful cloud-based applications can be implemented for TSA and to test wide area control and protection systems using SIL or HIL with real control and protection software and hardware. Communication system emulators, such as eXata can also be used to analyze cyber-attacks and countermeasures as well as to evaluate the effect of communication failures and delays on system performance.
Learn more at www.opal-rt.com
It is a presentation that covers mostly about solar car like it's summary,background,parts needed,acknowledgment,design, how it's work it covers most about the solar car.
Sun trackin solar panel with auto dust cleaning systemsachin kumar
There is a project report of on sun tracking solar panel with auto dust cleaning system.
There is very usefull for those student which are make a project on solar tracker and autu dust cleaning systen.
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
These slides presents at introductory level to Micro-grid Stability and Control Modes. Later classes the mathematical representations and simulation ideas will be presented.
It is a presentation that covers mostly about solar car like it's summary,background,parts needed,acknowledgment,design, how it's work it covers most about the solar car.
Sun trackin solar panel with auto dust cleaning systemsachin kumar
There is a project report of on sun tracking solar panel with auto dust cleaning system.
There is very usefull for those student which are make a project on solar tracker and autu dust cleaning systen.
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
These slides presents at introductory level to Micro-grid Stability and Control Modes. Later classes the mathematical representations and simulation ideas will be presented.
These slides present the maximum power point tracking (MPPT ) algorithms for solar (PV) systems. Later of the class we will discuss on MPPT control of wind generators.
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e. “Solar Roadways”.
Solar tracking system, Full Report Submitted in B.Tech, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Final Year @ College of Engineering Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, INDIA.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
Renewable energy solutions are becoming popular.
Maximizing output from solar system increases efficiency.
Presently solar panels are of fixed type which lower the efficiency.
Maintaining vertical direction between light and panel maximizes efficiency.
Solar tracking system has 35% higher generating power than fixed.
Solar tracking system based on PLC can adjust automatically orientation of panel
Definition of stability:
Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact.
Micro-hydro power plant
Diagram, in short information, turbine type, type of turbine, electronic board controller, generator this all information given in micro projects
Smart Grid
Why do we need Smart Grid?
What is Smart Grid?
Smart Grid conceptual model
Wide Area Monitoring systems
What is WAMs
WAMS Architecture
Applications of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Concluding Remarks
As the world’s electricity systems face a number of challenges
such as
New dynamics of future demand and supply
Ageing infrastructure
Complex interconnected grids
Integration of large number of renewable generation sources
Need to lower carbon emissions
New type of loads such as Electric Vehicles
solar position tracking system with the help of LDR and micro controller AT-MEGA 16. Motor driver IC- L293D and LCD (16*2) with the help of DC geared motor (24 volt ).
These slides present the maximum power point tracking (MPPT ) algorithms for solar (PV) systems. Later of the class we will discuss on MPPT control of wind generators.
The Solar Roadway is a series of structurally-engineered solar panels that are driven upon. The idea is to replace all current petroleum-based asphalt roads, parking lots, and driveways with Solar Road Panels that collect energy to be used by our homes and businesses. The renewable energy generated by solar road panels will replace the current need for fossil fuel which is used for generation of electricity as also oil used for driving the vehicles which in turn reduces the greenhouse gases nearly to half. The implementation of Solar Roadways Technology will create the clean energy boom, spurring private investment on a massive scale, with relatively little extra cost. An intelligent highway infrastructure and a self-healing decentralized power grid that will eliminate our need for fossil fuels. Solar Roadways will also features wildlife preservation, the elimination of impervious surfaces, law enforcement, DUI detection, counter-terrorism, etc. It provides a decentralized, secure, intelligent, self-healing power grid which pays for itself. So it’s time to upgrade our infrastructure (especially roads & power grids) with the 21st century technology i.e. “Solar Roadways”.
Solar tracking system, Full Report Submitted in B.Tech, Electrical & Electronics Engineering Final Year @ College of Engineering Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, INDIA.
This slide presents an introduction to microgrid. This is the second class for the subject 'Distribution Generation and Smart Grid'. Class wise I will provide all the discussions and analysis.
Renewable energy solutions are becoming popular.
Maximizing output from solar system increases efficiency.
Presently solar panels are of fixed type which lower the efficiency.
Maintaining vertical direction between light and panel maximizes efficiency.
Solar tracking system has 35% higher generating power than fixed.
Solar tracking system based on PLC can adjust automatically orientation of panel
Definition of stability:
Power system stability is the ability of an electric power system, for a given initial operating condition, to regain a state of operating equilibrium after being subjected to a physical disturbance, with most system variables bounded so that practically the entire system remains intact.
Micro-hydro power plant
Diagram, in short information, turbine type, type of turbine, electronic board controller, generator this all information given in micro projects
Smart Grid
Why do we need Smart Grid?
What is Smart Grid?
Smart Grid conceptual model
Wide Area Monitoring systems
What is WAMs
WAMS Architecture
Applications of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)
Concluding Remarks
As the world’s electricity systems face a number of challenges
such as
New dynamics of future demand and supply
Ageing infrastructure
Complex interconnected grids
Integration of large number of renewable generation sources
Need to lower carbon emissions
New type of loads such as Electric Vehicles
solar position tracking system with the help of LDR and micro controller AT-MEGA 16. Motor driver IC- L293D and LCD (16*2) with the help of DC geared motor (24 volt ).
Feasible Interfacing and Programming of Industrial Control Technology Unit wi...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This paper presents the modeling and real-time simulation of an induction motor. The RT- LAB simulation software enables the parallel simulation of power drives and electric circuits on clusters of a PC running QNX or RT- Linux operating systems at sample time below 10 µs. Using standard Simulink models including SimPowerSystems models, RT-LAB build computation and communication tasks are necessary to make parallel simulation of electrical systems. The code generated by the Real-Time Workshop of RT- LAB is linked to the OP5600 digital real-time simulator. A case study example of real-time simulation of an induction motor system is presented.This paper discusses methods to overcome the challenges of real-time simulation of an induction motor system synchronizing with a real-time clock.
Exquisitely engineered for the ultimate test and verification of power electronics control systems.
HIL made for Power Electronics Engineers. The new, even more powerful HIL, with 32 analog outputs and Gigabit/s serial link. Tailored for the most demanding industrial test, verification, and pre-certification tasks.
6-cores, Infinite possibilities. With 20 ns PWM sampling time, down to 500 ns simulation time step, and ultra-low latency, 6 Series processor has set the industry standard for ultra-high fidelity real-time emulation of power electronics systems. Simply plug your controller into a Typhoon HIL 6 Series real-time emulator, without any controller modifications, and take it for the most demanding test drive ever. Test any and all imaginable operating conditions, including faults. Automate and formalize test processes with our integrated software tools.
Integrated testing environment Engage your HIL 6 series emulator via intuitive and easy-to-master software environment from the day 1.
Test, optimize, pre-certify Build your converter power stage models and perform high demanding and sophisticated test scenarios, in few simple steps: 1. Define converter model in the vector based schematic editor and compile circuit with a single click. 2. Run your models in real time, change sources, toggle contactors, load machines and easily inject any kind of disturbances anywhere in the power stage. 3. Explore emulated signals with built-in oscilloscope and zoom in the waveforms near critical events. 4. Automate steps 1 to 3 via Python test scripts.
Built-in scope. Monitor all HIL I/O channels continuously. Zoom in voltages and currents with seamlessly integrated Typhoon HIL Scope.
Automated testing: Test your power electronics controller without moving any power, automatically, continuously, 24/7/365, without human supervision and pre-certify your controller in-house. Pre-commission your controller before you go to the commissioning site. Implement the software regression testing, right. Do it effortlessly. Discover the most comprehensive power electronics control test environment that will test your control system software, firmware, and hardware to the limit. Easily script the most complex test scenarios, including fault injections and grid disturbances, and automatically execute torrents of tests. And then repeat the tests after every single change in the control code.
Abstract: This paper outlines the difference between the two brands of PLCs on the basis of their features and their applications. Over the years of demand for high quality and greater efficiency and automated machines has increased in the globalized area. The initial phase of this paper focus on the relativity on which the user can be easily justify their needs. This paper shows that the modelling techniques and design practices of software engineering can be combined with the traditional ways to of thinking in the automation system.
General terms - Automation, Role of PLC and SCADA in automation and types of PLC used.
Julia - THE FIRST BRAIN COMPUTER FIELDBUS INTERFACE ON THE MARKETNicola Urbano
A universal native Fieldbus Slave born with the goal of being used in every sector (e.g. industrial, building automation, medical, etc).
It collects biomedical signals in a synchronized manner using Ethernet Deterministic Fieldbus.
Embedded with modularity that allows integration of more than one slave at at time whether on the same network or different networks using synchronized protocols such as PTP 1588, TSN, etc.
Offers analysis, control, and diagnostics of a single or multi-user scenarios.
IoT and the Oil & Gas industry at M2M Oil & Gas 2014 in LondonEurotech
How the Internet of Things is catching up with the Oil & Gas industry.
How Eurotech's IoT architecture had its roots in the oil & gas industry, and why it is still relevant today.
For some years now, power generation and distribution have been undergoing major changes. The systems used to monitor power supply equipment and processes must take account of these changes.
Design and simulation of remote monitoring of the intelligent automatic contr...IAESIJAI
In this research, we will introduce implementation requirements of a remote wireless control and monitoring unit of industrial production lines automatically controlled using programmable logic controller (PLC). PLC is capable of collecting different types of data and converting them into electrical signals that can be controlled by the industrial network using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. SCADA will be installed in the main server inside the control unit. The PLC will be used as a decision maker of the received signals for the industrial lines that comes from a group of detectors (sensors/transducers). The output of the PLC processor will trigger the engines, according to a specific industrial process management program. The processed data could be transferred through wireless or wired method. The wireless approach will be shown in this study, along with two other ways to implement it.
In this webinar, learn how OPAL-RT's state-of-the-art Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation solutions empower engineers to design and test ECUs, and other integrated power electronic systems and controllers, with efficiency.
E.ON Energy Research Center builds first interface between OPAL-RT and RTDS Technologies real-time simulators, opens new collaborative research opportunities
In this webinar, learn about common cybersecurity threats and the crucial role played by real-time digital simulation in the reinforcement of cybersecurity in power systems.
The OP1200, Lab-Scale Modular Multilevel Converters Test Bench, is dedicated to the hardware verification of new control algorithms for new and existing power electronic converter topologies. It is used for experimental work on converter interactions and network control.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
1. Detailed large-scale real-time HYPERSIM EMT simulation for
transient stability assessment (TSA)
Towards cloud-based real-time HIL for wide-area special control and protection system testing
ACDC 2023 : Glasgow
Presentation 16:10-16:30 on the 3rd March
Jean Belanger
President and CTO
OPAL-RT TECHNOLOGIES
Montreal, Canada
2. • Founded in 1997 in Montreal, QC, Canada
• 300+ employees, and growing
• Thousands of users around the world
• 20% of revenue re-invested in R&D
• Real-time simulators for all industries to
design and test control systems
• Fast simulators on HPC/Cloud
• The way to AI applications and digital twins
OPAL-RT in brief … Built to last
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Number of employees
International
Total
Montreal
International development (Sales, support
and R&D) is essential to the growth of our
Montreal Head office
High-quality jobs and sustainability
325
225
100
3. 3
ABSTRACTS: DETAILED LARGE-SCALE REAL-TIME HYPERSIM EMT SIMULATION
FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY ASSESSMENT (TSA).
TOWARDS CLOUD-BASED REAL-TIME HIL FOR WIDE-AREA SPECIAL CONTROL AND PROTECTION SYSTEM TESTING
High penetration of inverter-based Distributed Energy Resources
(DERs), widespread installation of FACTS and HVDC interconnection
systems, and the decommissioning of thermal and nuclear plants are
significantly reducing inertia in large-scale power systems. Fast power-
electronics based control and protection schemes act to stabilize
these systems, but they are sensitive to harmonics, transients, and
system imbalances. It has been shown that simplified positive-
sequence RMS models alone are insufficient for Transient Stability
Assessment (TSA) of large-scale, low-inertia power grids. Therefore,
utilities and regulators such as NERC, as well as professional
associations such as CIGRE and IEEE, have begun investigating detailed
EMT simulation to assess the transient stability of large-scale, low-
inertia power grids that include power-electronic plant controllers.
However, detailed EMT simulation of large-scale power grids for 20 to
30 second time-frames and hundreds of contingencies presents a
number of computational and analytic challenges including excessive
simulation time, large-scale grid data management and the
unavailability of detailed and validated models of power-electronic
plant controllers. Furthermore, these plant controllers, if they are
provided by OEMs, are in the form of blackbox, pre-compiled DLLs,
which are implemented for specific simulation tools, without any
interoperability standard.
2023-03-13
This presentation will describe OPAL-RT solutions to achieve very
large-scale, detailed grid EMT simulation in real-time for Hardware-
in-the-Loop (HIL) / Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) control and
protection testing, as well as quasi-real-time simulation for fast TSA
evaluation of large-scale, low-inertia power systems. With these
solutions, blackbox control and protection systems can be
implemented natively in the EMT simulation tool, HYPERSIM.
PSCAD DLLs can also be co-simulated with HYPERSIM using a
software interface based on the CIGRE model-interoperability
guidelines.
Such advances will accelerate connection studies and can be used
to implement cloud-native tools to help operators assess system
stability with hundreds of contingencies in 5- to 10-minute time-
frames. This performance can be achieved for grids having several
thousand busses with a 50-microsecond time-step using a few
hundred processors.
As HYPERSIM runs under Windows or LINUX, powerful cloud-based
applications can be implemented for TSA and to test wide area
control and protection systems using SIL or HIL with real control
and protection software and hardware. Communication system
emulators, such as eXata can also be used to analyze cyber-attacks
and countermeasures as well as to evaluate the effect of
communication failures and delays on system performance.
4. 4
KEY TAKE AWAYS
DETAILED EMT SIMULATION IS NEEDED FOR TSA:
Modern power grids integrating large numbers of
inverter-based resources (IBR) will become very
sensitive to control system instabilities. Detailed EMT
simulation will be required to analyse transient system
stability (TSA) of critical low-inertia systems.
GRID STABILITY IS BECOMING A CONTROL ISSUE, NOT
AN ELECTROMECHANICAL INTERACTION PROBLEM
Control systems will interact with each other as well as with
local protections, HVDC grids, interconnections and wide
area Special Protection and Control System (SPS). These
interactions will dominate the stability of low-inertia grids
BLACKBOX CONTROLLER EMULATORS
HVDC and inverter-based resource models are now
provided as precompiled black-box models. Utilities
cannot easily develop their own models as was the case
with conventional generators.
EMT SIMULATION IS REQUIRED FOR VERY LARGE GRIDS
Until a better method is found, TSA will require EMT
simulations to be performed over very large interconnected
territories of several thousands of kilometers and hundreds of
power electronic systems.
MODEL INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS
will become essential for TSA and DER interconnection
and planning studies to make sure that blackbox models
can be executed on different simulation platforms
BLACKBOX MODEL VALIDATION BY INDEPENDENT
ORGANISATIONS WILL BE NECESSARY
to ensure that models used for connections, planning and
system operation studies behave the same as blackbox
models provided by hundreds of OEMs, even after
several controller code updates
DIGITAL TWINS: NEW EMT-BASED ON-LINE TSA
TOOLS FOR SYSTEM OPERATORS MAY BE REQUIRED
to help system operators to evaluate the grid stability for
hundreds of contingencies
POWERFULL EMT PARALLEL SIMULATORS WILL BE NEEDED
IN-HOUSE AND PUBLIC CLOUD COMPUTERS WILL BE
WELCOMED
5. WINDOWS DLLs CAN NOW BE USED FOR HARD
REAL-TIME HiL SIMULATION AND SiL
Windows DLLs models on LINUX-RT Container
No additional hardware
Microsecond performance
HIL-IN-THE-CLOUD CAN NOW BE USED TO TEST ACTUAL
EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE FOR WIDE AREA SPECIAL
PROTECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
Soft real-time simulation on the cloud compatible with
C37.118 PMU communication protocol
Use case 1: Grid simulated on the cloud and SPS in the lab
Use case 2: Grid and SPS on the cloud for SiL
GRID SIMULATION
Multi-rate EMT 50us
AND PMU
MEASUREMENT
SPS Controller Equipment in the lab
C37.118 (20 millis)
PSCAD to HYPERSIM INTERFACE AND UNIFIED MODEL
DATA BASE ARE NOW AVALAIBLE
BREAKING NEWS
6. 6
WINDOWS DLLs CAN
NOW BE USED FOR HIL
HARD REAL-TIME
SIMULATION WITH
MICROSECOND
PERFORMANCE
BLACKBOX PRECOMPILED OEM
CONTROLLER INTEGRATION WITH
HYPERSIM
Method 1: Direct integration using User Code
Model interface feature
Method 2: Integration using CIGRE B4 or FMU or
SIMULINK interface
Method 3: SiL and real-time HIL simulation using
Windows precompiled DLLs OEM controller models
made for PSCAD or other software using OPAL-RT
LINUX Real-Time Container
7. Integration of OEM controller code on real-time simulators and for SiL simulation
Method 1 and 2: HYPERSIM NATIVE INTERFACE – CIGRE B4.42 Standard
OPAL-RT provides the UCM interface to easily integrate OEM
controller codes on real-time simulators
- Allows to execute dozens/hundreds of controllers on a single
standard simulator
- Offer the best microsecond performance since our simulators
are equipped with the latest INTEL processors (4GHz). Nanos
performance can be achieved with FPGA-based simulation
- Compatible with any C/C++ and Fortran model source code
- Minimal adaptation is required to recompile the code
for real-time Linux environment
- Support real-time (HIL), offline and accelerated simulation (SIL)
- Cluster model: Deploy code locally or on a remote computer to
accelerate simulation
- User could change parameters during simulation
- Orchestra co-simulation framework with low-latency fabric can
be used to facilitate integration
- Protect and secure IP/code using black box approach
OEM controller code integrated directly in
HYPERSIM or using standard interface such
as Simulink/CIGRE B4.82/FMU
Require no additional hardware –
controllers could be simulated on standard
OPAL-RT OP4600 or OP5700 simulators
8. Thanks to our real-time container allowing to bring windows-
based code from PSCAD or other simulation software into
OPAL-RT real-time simulator.
Very useful for users who don’t have access to the source
code of the controls
• Reuse the exact Windows and 64 bits or 32bits DLL/Library
of PSCAD or other simulation software in real-time
• No need to recompile the controller code on Linux
• Offer microsecond performance
• Save time by reusing the existing controller code developed
for other software
• OPAL-RT provide a tool to automatically import PSCAD
controls inside HYPERSIM
• HIL and SIL simulation support
• Cluster model: Deploy code locally or on a remote computer
to accelerate simulation
• Allows to execute dozens/hundreds of controllers on a
single standard simulator
Integration of OEM Blackbox Windows pre-compiled controller code (HIL)
METHOD 3: WITH HYPERSIM LINUX REAL-TIME CONTAINER FOR HIL SIMULATION
OEM pre-compiled PSCAD Windows DLL controller code
integrated directly in HYPERSIM for real-time HIL
simulation
Require no additional hardware: controllers can be
simulated on available cores of standard OPAL-RT
OP4610 or OP5707 simulators used to simulate the grid.
9. OPAL-RT invites OEM to import their existing control code to
HYPERSIM real-time simulator (if not done yet)
• OPAL-RT offers free services to help OEM to compile and
integrate controller with OPAL-RT simulation software
• Optimize real-time performance
• Develop user interface for custom block
• Help testing software integration
• Help OEM to protect their IP and codes as black box
• Offer training to learn HYPERSIM and get started with controller
code integration
• Help to compare and validate results with several simulation
software
OPAL-RT also invites customers that need to integrates OEM
controller into HS to contact us.
• OPAL-RT offers advanced support to select best approach for the
integration of controllers
• OPAL-RT could help customers to involve OEM in controller
integration.
Integration of OEM controller code on real-time simulators:
Free services offered to OEMs
OPAL-RT also supports working group CIGRE
B4.82 that intents to standardize interface of
real-time controller code with EMT simulation
software
Facilitate OEM to reuse their code in
different simulation software
Facilitate OEM to develop and test their
controller codes for various environment
Facilitate to support future version of
simulation software
Facilitate OEM to use as much as possible
actual code that is used in embedded
hardware
The use of such standard shall be
supported and specified by all utilities
10. SINGLE-SOURCE-OF-TRUTH CENTRALIZED MODEL DATABASE-
Schematic Editor
I/O Configuration
HYPERSIM
ePHASORSIM – CPU-based
electromechanical toolbox
eHS – FPGA-based
electrical toolbox
RT-LAB
ePHASORSIM
ARTEMiS – CPU-based
electrical toolbox
Test Scenarios
Conversion tools
Customer corporate DB interface
Phasor
EMT
Integrated algorithms for
model-to-model interfacing
PSCAD, PSS®E,
EMTP, CYME,
ETAP,
PowerFactory,
Simulink, …
Results &
Analysis PSCAD, PSSe and EMTP
available now
Power Factory and CYME
under progress
Models are a key asset for TSOs
11. 11
HIL-ON-THE-CLOUD
TESTING OF COMPLEX WIDE AREA SPS
USED ON VERY LARGE GRID CAN NOW
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF CLOUD
COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES
Large Grid simulated on the cloud
SPS hardware in the lab
PMU signal interfaced to actual hardware
using C37.118 protocol
Windows or LINUX
12. HIL-ON-THE CLOUD
Local PC/Laptop
Cloud server
Windows
SEL
Linux
PC
Windows
Windows
PMU meas (C37.118)
PQVI meas (TCP)
HYPERSIM (network)
HYPERSIM GUI
RTlab
(controller)
RTlab GUI
Labview panel (HMI)
Remote
connection
Virtual
machine
lnitiate scenario
CB control (TCP)
P,Q,V, I measurements (TCP)
Scenario control
Industrial controller (SEL)
executing SIMULINK-BASED
wide area control
TCP
SPS CONTROLLER
IN THE LAB
13. 13
DETAILED EMT
SIMULATION NEEDED
FOR TSA
WHY EMT simulation is required for
low-inertia grid – examples
• Evolution of Power Grids
• Transient response examples
14. 14
Evolution of the Grid: Increasing Speed and Complexity
10 ms
50 us
5 us
- High Inertia – slow reaction
- Passive Distribution
- Unidirectional distribution
- Schedulable generation
- Local, slow protection
Pre-1970s
1 s
Relative
Complexity
Transmission Distribution
Time Scale
15. 15
Evolution of the Grid: Increasing Speed and Complexity
10 ms
50 us
5 us
- High Inertia – slow reaction
- Passive Distribution
- Unidirectional distribution
- Schedulable generation
- Local, slow protection
- High Inertia – slow reaction
- Passive Distribution
- Unidirectional distribution
- Schedulable generation
- Fast control and protection
Machine V Regulators
HVDC, FACTS, SVC
Control & protection
- Wide-Area Control & Protection
- Operates near stability limits
- Communication Systems
Pre-1970s Through 21st Century
1 s
Transmission Distribution
Time Scale
16. 16
Evolution of the Grid: Increasing Speed and Complexity
Time Scale
10 ms
50 us
5 us
- High Inertia – slow reaction
- Passive Distribution
- Unidirectional distribution
- Schedulable generation
- Local, slow protection
- High Inertia – slow reaction
- Passive Distribution
- Unidirectional distribution
- Schedulable generation
- Fast control and protection
Machine V Regulators
HVDC, FACTS, SVC
Control & protection
- Wide-Area Control & Protection
- Operates near stability limits
- Communication Systems
- Low inertia – fast reaction
- Active Distribution
- Bi-directional distribution
- Un-schedulable generation
- Stability relies on interaction between:
Fast Protection Systems
Power Electronic Controllers
HVDC, FACTS. SVC
- More Wide Area Control & Comms
- High dependence on communication
systems.
- Large numbers of power-electronics
based Distributed Energy Resources
(DERs)
- Microgrid penetration
Pre-1970s Through 21st Century Today and the Future
1 s
Relative
Complexity
Transmission Distribution
17. SIMULATION METHOD OVERVIEW
EMT-Electromagnetic
Transients Simulation
Fast EMT
Phasor
domain
Electro-
mechanical
Dynamic
Simulation
(Wide-Area)
17
RMS value
Detailed
waveforms
EMT
Phasor
Power electronic control and protection functions can react to
harmonic and fast transients only visible with EMT simulation
18. WHY EMT SIMULATION FOR TSA?
• The basic voltage and power control loops of power electronic
system are very simple
• But several additional non-linear control functions are added
to improve performance during large disturbances. (may be
90% of controller/protection code is related to special functions)
• Some controller include self-adaptation of controller gain to
improve performance during variation of power grid short-
circuit conditions and controller limiters if some components
are out of services (degraded mode)
• Several non-linear protection functions are added to protect
components during large disturbances. These protections can
react to fast transients, harmonic and unbalanced conditions
• Analytical method are not yet available to analyse system
stability during large disturbances
• Phase-locked-loops (PLLs) used to synchronize firing pulses,
must be tuned to follow the phase and frequency of the
voltage as fast as possible but without reacting to transients
and harmonics. Several non-linear functions are usually added
to optimise the PLL dynamic behavior during fault conditions
• The settings of these non-linear control
and protection functions are specific to
each OEM and must normally be
included in the blackbox models.
• Several control and protection functions
have time-constants and reaction time
much faster than a few milliseconds,
which is out of range of simplified RMS
models
• Consequently, the dynamic performance
and TSA of grids integrating several
power electronic system cannot be done
using only small-signal analysis. Large
balanced and unbalanced disturbances
must be analysed for several
contingencies
• Blackbox controller models or emulators
must however be validated against field
test of HIL simulation made with
controller replica
19. 19
RMS vs. EMT: HVDC Commutation Failure
Source: AEMO system strength workshop
https://aemo.com.au/en/learn/energy-explained/system-strength-workshop
RMS
EMT
RMS
EMT
RMS
EMT –sustained
small oscillations
20. 20
RMS vs. EMT: Response during the South Australian Blackout 2016
Courtesy of Dr. Babak Badrzadeh
EMT
RMS
RMS simulation
stopped after islanding
EMT
Actual measurement
21. SIMULATION RESULTS WITH BLACKBOX SVC CONTROLLER
• Sustained fast oscillations observed in the tested scenario at the POC of one SVC plant
• Results with blackbox controllers from PSCAD and HYPERSIM are superimposed
About 2.8 Hz sustained oscillation
22. SIMULATION RESULTS WITH BLACKBOX PV PLANT CONTROLLER
• Sustained fast oscillations observed in the tested scenario at the POC of
one PV plant
About 4-Hz sustained oscillation
23. 23
EMT SIMULATION TSA
FOR VERY LARGE
GRIDS IS REQUIRED
AND IS NOW POSSIBLE
EMT SIMULATION OF LARGE
POWER GRIDS IS NOW POSSIBLE
In real-time or quasi-real-time suitable for on-
line TSA analysis
EMT SIMULATION TSA FOR VERY LARGE GRIDS IS REQUIRED
Until a better method is found, TSA will require EMT simulations to be
performed over large interconnected territories of several thousands
kilometers and hundreds of power electronic systems.
MODERN COMMERCIAL MULTI-CORE COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGIES ENABLE LARGE EMT GRID SIMULATION
UNDER WINDOWS OR LINUX WITH HYPERSIM
EFFICIENT PARALLEL PROCESSING IS THE KEY ENABLING
TECHNOLOGY – Available with HYPERSIM since more than 25
years
24. Theoretical off-line simulation, cHIL and HIL vs Digital Twins
Theoretical
Off-Line
simulation
with Generic
control models
SiL
Software-in-the-
loop simulation
with real-code
controller
emulation
cHiL
Controller Hardware-
in-the-Loop
Simulation
with control
system replica
EMT Digital Twin
For Transient Dynamic
Stability Assessment
(TSA) with
real-code controller
emulation
System design and EMT analysis
to evaluate equipment stresses, TSA for
DER integration studies (planning)
Detailed protection
and control design
and testing
System operation
Simulator must be
initialized using
state-space estimator
Parallel HPC Processing
nice-to-have
to perform more analyses and tests in
less time to increase test coverage
must-have
to reach real-time to
interface with hardware
must-have
to enable TSA at each
5 to 10 minutes interval
Quasi or faster-than-real-time
25. SETUP AND RESULTS FOR THE 4000-GRID EMT SIMULATION BENCHMARK
- 30s simulation in 90s wall clock time, 500-core Windows server (LINUX can also be used)
- 50 us time step for the main grid
- 6 or 10 us for DLL controller
1x High Performance 128-core
Windows Computer
22 x High-Performance
4-GHz 18-core Computers
High-speed 5-Gbps
links between
computer
SETUP
MODEL BENCHMARK
Approximate number of components (3-phase)
Buses (3-phase) 4,000
Lines, loads, switched shunts reactors … 6,700
Transformers and machines 2,000
Inverter-based systems (DER and energy storage
systems)
150
Controllers, subsystems using real-code
(precompiled DLLs)
300+
FACTS and HVDC converters 70
Protection relays 100
500+
cores
PERFORMANCE IS
LIMITED BY DLL
CODE
About 100 cores
are used for the
4000-bus grid
simulation and 300
cores for the DLL.
26. CONTINIOUS RMS SIGNALS CAN BE DISPLAYED IN QUASI- REAL-TIME
EVEN FOR THIS VERY LARGE 4000-BUS GRID EMT SIMULATION
Standard tools actually used to analyse the stability of transients responses obtained
with typical phasor/RMS dynamic stability tools can be used to analyse results from EMT
simulation since fundamental (RMS) transient values computed by PMUs are available
27. CIGRE MMC HVDC GRID Benchmark
27
Cd-E1
Cb-C2
Ba-A0
Ba-B0
Cb-D1
DC Sym. Monopole
DC Bipole
AC Onshore
AC Offshore
Cable
Overhead line
AC-DC Converter
Station
DC-DC Converter
Station
DCS1
200
200
200
50
300
200
200
400
500
200
300
200
200
200
200
200
100
200
100
200
DCS2
DCS3
Ba-A1
Bm-A1
Bb-A1
Cm-A1
Cb-A1
Bb-C2
Bo-C2
Bo-C1
Bm-C1 Cm-C1
Bb-D1
Bb-E1
Bb-B4
Bb-B2
Bb-B1
Bb-B1x
Bm-B2
Bm-B3 Bm-B5 Bm-F1
Bm-E1
Cm-B2
Cm-B3
Cm-E1
Cm-F1
Bo-D1
Bo-E1
Bo-F1
Cd-B1
Cb-B2
Cb-B1
Ba-B1
Ba-B2
Ba-B3
This system can be simulated in real-time on CPU only at 25 us or with a
multi-rate multi CPU-FPGA simulation at 500 nanoseconds.
1
2
1000 cells per
leg
Half-leg
(or Half-
arm)
Leg/Arm
Ce
ll
C
el
l
S1
S2
R1
C
D2
D1
+
-
500 nanoseconds to simulate
all 6000 MMC cells of an
MMC converters in only one FPGA
28. LARGE DISTRIBUTION CIRCUITS: 1000 NODES IN 4 US USING 3 FPGA
28
: 333 3-Ph RL connections
: 204 3-Ph RL Loads
: 340 3-Ph Bus Bars
: 9 3-Ph Breaker Circuit
Total NB.
3-ph RL/RC: 537
Simulated circuit
triple-FPGA based Solution: Six eHS-128 Solvers
29. 29
DIGITAL TWIN
ON-LINE TSA TO HELP
SYSTEM OPERATOR
FAST EMT SIMULATION OF LARGE
POWER GRIDS ENABLES THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL
TWINS TO HELP SYSTEM OPERATORS
30. …
…
.
Electric Grid Digital Twins in the Control Room
STATE ESTIMATOR
Special Control
and Protection System
Dynamic Stability Assessment using
simplified models and pre-simulated
contingencies
(10 to 20 millis resolution)
Ts ≈ 5 to 10 minutes
Optimal Power Flow, Economic dispatch, TSA…
SCADA
Automatic
Control (SPS)
Operator
actions
Conventional TSA using phasor-mode simulation for high-inertia power
grids integrating large thermal and hydro generators
31. …
…
.
TSA using EMT simulation for low-inertia grid integrating a large quantity of
inverter-based generation system and loads.
STATE ESTIMATOR
Special Control
and Protection System
Dynamic Stability Assessment
(TSA) using simplified RMS
models
and
pre-simulated contingencies
Ts ≈ 5 to 10 minutes
Risk evaluation
Best scenarios
Operator
actions
Automatic
Control (SPS)
SCADA
HYPERSIM
EMT DIGITAL TWIN
(< 50 us resolution)
On-Line
Transient stability analysis
using
high-accuracy
EMT models
Analysis of several
contingencies in parallel
Ts ≈ 5 to 10 minutes
TSA
Initial
conditions
Prediction
EMT Digital Twins in the Control Room for Low-Inertia Grids
32. 32
• EMT Simulation is recommended to evaluate the stability and power
transfer capability of critical low-inertia grids
• Parallel computing, multidomain simulation, and model
interoperability are invaluable for the implementation of EMT electrical
grid digital twins
- PSCAD and other simulation tool models delivered as blackboxes can now be
interfaced with HYPERSIM
- Windows DLLs can now be used as is without any modification for SiL and hard
real-time HIL simulation on the same simulator hardware used to simulate the grid
and other plants
- HPC and cloud technologies can now be used for HIL testing of wide area SPS
hardware and software controllers interfaced with large EMT grid models over the
C37.118 protocol
• Benchmarking tests have demonstrated the feasibility of
high-accuracy on-line EMT digital twins for large power grids
• Standards for model interoperability and test configurations need to be
established
- Enable transition between offline and accelerated/real-time EMT simulation as well
as RMS-EMT co-simulation
- Allow wide-area transient stability assessment considering highly dynamic behaviour
of converter-driven DERs
• Model verification by independent organisations will be needed
- During HIL factory tests, commission and continuously after code modification in the
field
• Digital twins will be useful for system planning and operation
- Enable fast prediction of grid behavior under myriad scenarios
- Enable operators to be proactive, reduce downtime and improve stability
Summary