This is the ppt that contains effective elementsof the IEEE research journel "REAL-TIME SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER
SYSTEMS DESIGN, TESTING, AND ANALYSIS"
REAL-TIME SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER SYSTEMS DESIGN, TESTING, AND ANALYSIS
1. Real-Time Simulation
Technologies for Power Systems
Design, Testing, and Analysis
Guide
Prof. T N Shanavas
JITHIN T
7803
Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
TKM College of Engineering
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Categories
• Evolution
• Computing Capability
• Common Features
• Hardware Architecture
• Software
• Modeling Tools
• Solution Methodologies
• Summary of features of available DRTS
• Case Study on Relay Testing using RTDS
• Referances
2
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
3. Introduction
• Simulation
• Power system simulators
• Digital Real-Time Simulation (DRTS)
– Real time – same time step
– Voltage/Current Waveforms
– Transient Simulation of Power System
3
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
4. Introduction : Need for Simulators
• Fast operation of modern protection
equipments – 2-5 cycles max
• Modern power system standards
– Power Quality aspects
–
4
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
5. Categories of DRTS
• Fully digital RTS
– model-in-the-loop;
software-in-the-
loop; processor-in-
the-loop
– Entire system
modeled inside
Simulator
– No external I/O;
only observations
• Hardware in Loop
(HiL)
– Parts in simulator,
parts in actual
hardware
– Control HiL
– Power HiL
5
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
7. Evolution of DRTS
• Initial days
– DSP; RISC; CISC
• General Purpose Processors
• Clustered system, using off-the-shelf
digital processors
– based on advanced communication
networks,
– growing trend for the development of
the DRTS
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Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
8. Evolution of DRTS
• RTDS Technologies Inc. : 1991 : DSP
• digital transient network analyzer
(DTNA)
• ARENE : 1996 : Électricité de France
• OPAL-RT Technologies Inc.
– general-purpose processor
– MATLAB/Simulink
• dSPACE
• FPGA; GPU
8
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
9. Computing Capabilities
• Step Size
– 50 µS : 50/60 Hz
System
– Higher frequency
case
• Definition
• Multirate co-
simulation
• Scalable feature
• Communication
Bottle Necks
• Parallel operation
9
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
10. Common Features
• Multiple Processors
• Host Computer
– Model Preparation
– Monitoring
• I/O Terminals
– External Hardware
– HuT
• Communication Networks
– Between Subsystems -racks-
– Between host computer and target
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Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
13. Software
• Application Software
– Host Computer
– Modeling
– Monitoring
• Operating System
– The backbone
– Windows, Linux, Bare Metal OS
• Communication
13
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
14. Modeling Tools / Libraries
• GUI component model libraries
– necessary control and protection
• MATLAB/Simulink environment
– built-in MATLAB/Simulink toolboxes;
– user-defined models
• S-function interface
14
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
15. Solution Techniques
• Electro Magnetic Transients Program
(EMTP)
• ARTEMiS-SSN
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
15
16. Virtual Test Bed RT
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
16
17. Summary of salient features
17
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
18. Summary of salient features
18
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
19. Summary of salient features
19
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
20. Protection Relay Testing
Case Study
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
20
21. Protection Relay Testing
Case Study
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
21
22. Conclusion
• Why Simulation
• Evolution and features
• Architecture
• Facilities available
• Case Study
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
22
23. Referances
• M. D. Omar Faruque et al., "Real-Time Simulation
Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and
Analysis," in IEEE Power and Energy Technology
Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 63-73, June 2015.
doi: 10.1109/JPETS.2015.2427370
• P. G. McLaren, P. Forsyth, A. Perks and P. R. Bishop,
"New simulation tools for power systems," 2001
IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference
and Exposition. Developing New Perspectives (Cat.
No.01CH37294), Atlanta, GA, 2001, pp. 91-96 vol.1.
doi: 10.1109/TDC.2001.971214
• https://www.rtds.com/
• http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=1
0.1.1.647.816
Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power
Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
23
24. Real-Time Simulation Technologies for
Power Systems Design, Testing, and
Analysis
• Simulation and its needs
• Types of Simulation and Simulators
• Stages of evolution
• Common features
• Commercially available Simulators
– RTDS
– eMEGAsim
– HYPERSIM
• Open source simulators
– VTB RT
jithin.t@ieee.org
Editor's Notes
What is real time.
A fully digital real-time simulation requires the entire system (including control, protection, and other accessories) to be modeled inside the simulator and does not involve external interfacing or inputs/outputs (I/Os)
HIL simulation refers to the condition where parts of the fully digital real-time simulation have been replaced with actual physical components. The HIL mode of the simulation proceeds with the device-undertest or hardware-under-test (HuT) connected through input output interfaces, e.g., filters, digital-to-analog and analogto-digital converters and signal conditioners. Limited real-time controls of the simulation can be executed with the user-defined control inputs, for example, closing or opening of switches to connect or disconnect the components in the simulated power system
real controller hardware that interacts with the rest of the simulated system, it is called controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL). It is also used for rapid controller prototyping. In this method, no real power transfer takes place and the power system is modeled as a virtual system inside the simulator, and the external controller hardware exchanges controller I/Os with the system inside the simulator
Any HIL simulation involving power transfer to or from the HuT is known as power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL). In this case, part of the power system is internally simulated and the other part is the real hardware power apparatus connected externally
In general, a fully digital simulation is often used for understanding the behavior of a system under certain circumstances resulting from external or internal dynamic influences, whereas an HIL simulation is used to minimize the risk of investment through the use of a prototype once the underlying theory is established with the help of a fully DRTS
Computing capability may be defined as the product of the number of nodes/buses in the simulated power network and the number of time steps taken per second
For simulating fast and slow subsystem transients, a multirate cosimulation approach can be adopted
The increment of computing power is possible by adding rack-mount units that require data communication between racks
Communication bottlenecks are minimized by exploiting the traveling wave properties to decouple the solutions of the network subsystems that are separated by transmission lines
parallel by sharing common memories or buses to minimize the communication latencies.
This slide will be used for initiating discussions