RATIONAL GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION.pptx
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This document discusses how to graph rational functions. It defines a rational function as a ratio of polynomials where the denominator is not equal to zero. The key steps are to find the asymptotes, plot any intercepts, find y-values for sample x-values, and draw a smooth curve connecting the points while respecting the asymptotes. Asymptotes occur where either x or y approaches infinity and indicate boundaries the graph cannot cross.
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This document discusses graphing quadratic functions of the form y = ax^2 + bx + c. It provides the following key points:
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3. Invert the ordered pairs.
4. Plot the points and sketch the graph of the logarithm.
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Prelude
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This document discusses how to graph linear equations in slope-intercept form. It defines key terms like slope, y-intercept, rise over run, and slope-intercept form. It explains that the slope is the rate of change between x and y and the y-intercept is the point where the line crosses the y-axis. The document provides examples of graphing different types of lines and reviews the steps to graph any equation in slope-intercept form.
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Prokaryotic DNA replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally. It involves three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation begins at the origin of replication site, where proteins bind and unwind the DNA. Elongation then uses DNA polymerase III to simultaneously synthesize the leading and lagging strands. Termination occurs when the replication forks from opposite directions meet at the termination site and halt, resolving issues through proteins like TUS and topoisomerases.
Prokaryotic DNA replication.pptx
Prokaryotic DNA replication begins at the origin of replication site where the replication fork is formed. DnaA and other proteins recognize the origin site and unwind the DNA double helix. RNA primers are synthesized which allows DNA polymerase III to begin bidirectional DNA synthesis of the leading and lagging strands. Okazaki fragments are formed and ligated on the lagging strand. Replication terminates when the replication forks meet at the termination site and the daughter chromosomes are separated.
DNA repair mechanism and their types.pptx
DNA repair is a collection of processes cells use to identify and correct damage to DNA. There are several types of DNA repair mechanisms, including direct repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, recombination repair, and SOS repair. DNA repair has advantages of maintaining genetic integrity between generations and preserving individual health, but defects can lead to increased cancer risks and premature aging syndromes.
TOPIC NAME Structure of DNA and their Type.pptx
DNA has a double helix structure that resembles a twisted ladder. It is composed of nucleotides, each containing a sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G). The bases on opposite strands bond together via hydrogen bonds between A-T and C-G to form the structure. Erwin Chargaff discovered that the amounts of A and T are equal, as are the amounts of C and G in any DNA sample. There are three types of DNA structures: A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA.
LAC OPERON SYSTEM.pptx
The document describes the lac operon system, which was the first operon described in 1961 and controls the catabolism of lactose in prokaryotes. The lac operon has 5 structural units - a promoter, operator, three structural genes (LacZ, LacY, LacA) that encode enzymes for lactose breakdown, CAP binding sites, and a regulatory gene. When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to the operator, preventing transcription of the structural genes. When lactose is present, it binds to the repressor and causes a conformational change that releases it from the operator, allowing transcription and the breakdown of lactose.
LAC OPERON 2.pptx
The lac operon is a cluster of three genes in prokaryotes that are involved in processing the sugar lactose. It consists of a promoter, operator, and structural genes. The lac operon is inducible, meaning it is only transcribed when lactose is present. Depending on whether lactose and glucose are present or absent, the lac operon will be either actively transcribed or transcriptionally inactive.
DNA STRUCTURE AND TYPES.pptx
DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The bases--cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine--form rungs of a twisted ladder structure, while the alternating sugar and phosphate molecules form the sides. Watson and Crick discovered that the bases pair up specifically through hydrogen bonds to form the DNA double helix, which contains the genetic information needed to build an organism. DNA can take on different secondary structures including A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms.
TOPIC-DNA repair mechanism and their types.pptx
DNA repair mechanisms are necessary to correct damage to DNA that could otherwise lead to mutations and cancer. There are several types of DNA repair mechanisms that address different types of damage, including base repair through excision, resynthesis and ligation of bases, nucleotide excision repair to address mismatches, and mismatch repair to fix errors. Double stranded breaks can be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination repair.
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- 1. TITLE :-RATIONAL GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
- 2. WHAT IS RATIONAL FINCTION??? • Rational function is the ratio of polynomials where the the polynomial in the denominator should not be equal to zero.
- 3. EXAMPLE
- 4. SETPS INVOLVED IN GRAPHICAL RATIONAL FUNCTION • Find the asymptotes of the rational function. • Draw the asymptotes as dotted lines. • Find the x -intercept (s) and y -intercept of the rational function, if any. • Find the values of y for several different values of x . • Plot the points and draw a smooth curve to connect the points. Make sure that the graph does not cross the vertical asymptotes.
- 5. ASYMPTOTE • A line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or both of the x or y coordinates tends to infinity. • When X tends to infinity then we get horizontal asymptotes. • When Y tends to infinity we get vertical asymptotes.
- 6. STEP 1
- 7. STEP II
- 8. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF INTERCEPTS
- 9. STEP III