Ralph Tyler outlines four fundamental questions for developing curriculum and planning instruction: (1) What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? (2) What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to achieve these purposes? (3) How can these educational experiences be effectively organized? (4) How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? He discusses that educational objectives should be determined by studying learners, contemporary life, and suggestions from subject specialists. Objectives should not come from a single source but be determined through considering multiple perspectives.

1. Franklin Bobbitt

2. John Dewey

3. Ralph W. tyler

4. Curriculum and instruction Basic Principles of Ralph W. Tyler

5. The book is not a text book -- ~ provide comprehensive guidance and reading for a course is not a manual for curriculum construction -- ~ describe and outline in detail the steps to be taken... Outlines one way of viewing an instructional program as a functioning instrument of education. note : introduction p.53

6. 4 Questions in developing curriculum and planning instruction What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to achieve these purposes? How can these educational experiences be effectively organized ? How can we determined whether these purposes are being attained? (p.51)

7. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? If an educational program is to be planned ...it is very necessary to have some conception of the goals that are being aimed at. Educational Objectives become the criteria by which materials are selected, content is outlined instructional procedure are developed tests and examinations are prepared (p 52 pg.1)

8. If we are to study an educational program systematically and intelligently we must first be sure as to the Educational Objectives aimed at . p.52 pg.1

9. Objectives Matters of Choice the considered value judgment Philosophy

10. sources of Education objectives p.52 pg.2... (How are objectives obtained) (How are objectives obtained) (How are objectives obtained) Studies of the Learners Themselves Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the School Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists

11. Controversy between Essentialists Progressive v.s Subject Specialists Child Psychologists The large body of knowledge collected over many thousands of years : cultural heritage THE BASIC SOURCES OF EDUCATION OBJECTIVES Studying the child’s interests, problems, purposes ...

12. Controversy between Sociologists Educational Philosophers v.s Contemporary Society; THE BASIC SOURCES OF EDUCATION OBJECTIVES Basic values in life : Transmitted from a generation to another Critical problems of contemporary life the School to deal with provides Attitudes Skills Knowledges Educational Philosophy

13. NO single source of information is adequate to provide a basis for wise & comprehensive decisions ******* Objectives

14. sources of Education objectives p.52 pg.2... (How are objectives obtained) (How are objectives obtained) (How are objectives obtained) Studies of the Learners Themselves Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the School Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists

15. Studies of the Learners Themselves Education is a process of changing the behavior patterns of people Thinking Overt Action Feeling

16. Studies of the Learners Themselves

17. Studies of the Learners Themselves

18. What Knowledge Is of Most Worth ? Contemporary Life Outside the School the greatly increased body of Knowledge the advent of Science the Industrial Revolution difficulty

19. Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the School p.54 p.54 Arguments for Analyzing Contemporary Life in order to get suggestions for Educational Objectives. Contemporary Life is so complex and life is continually changing...do not waste time in learning things 50 years ago important.

20. Studies of Contemporary Life Outside the School p.54 p.54 Arguments for Analyzing Contemporary Life in order to get suggestions for Educational Objectives. The belief in transfer of training : using “trained mind” to the conditions...

21. Life & learning situations the two situations were obviously alike in many respects the students was given practices in seeking illustrations in his life outside school for the application of things learned in school.

22. Essentialists Contemporary Life Outside the School The Criticized issues of using Activities Sole Basis AS SOURCES OF EDUCATION OBJECTIVES of a large numbers of people harmful Presentism

23. Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists Most common used in typical schools and colleges. Subject Specialists’ propose are too technical,too specialized; inappropriate for a large number of the school students. Too specialized for the layman. too Specialized in objectives lead to the deeper conceptions of the subject fields ????

24. Suggestions About Objectives from Subject Specialists Knowledge Skills Habits Modes of Thinking Critical Interpretation Emotional Reactions Interests

25. Science Knowledge Skills Habits Improvement of health practices ; attitudes and knowledges / diseases spread / precautions Use and conservation of natural resources Provision of a satisfying world-picture (relation of man and nature)

26. Suggestion ...read a report of subject groups , jot down the interpretation then formulate a list of educational objectives . it is likely to be suggested by various subject groups from their report...

27. Thank you for your participation. Blessing Soontaree,K Soontaree,K Soontaree,K

28. general education