RAIN (Reliable Array of Independent Nodes) technology was developed at Caltech to provide fault tolerance in distributed systems. It includes three main components: 1) data storage across distributed processors that can retrieve data even if some fail, 2) a redundant communication network between processors, and 3) automatic recovery of applications if a processor fails. RAIN aims to minimize the number of nodes between clients and servers, make nodes more robust and independent, and replace faulty nodes. It provides scalability, high availability, and fault tolerance through techniques like redundant storage and fault monitoring. Potential applications include high availability video and web servers.

1. SEMINAR TOPIC ON
“RAIN TECHNOLOGY”
 Presented By:
N.Sneha
III-CSE-A
Roll No:-141FA04038

2. Introduction.
Goals of RAIN Technology.
Architecture.
Features of RAIN.
Advantages.
Application.
Future scope.
Conclusion.
References.
contents
RAIN Technology

3. INTRODUCTION
The name of the original research project is RAIN which stand’s
for Reliable Array of Independent Nodes. The RAIN technology
originated in a research project at the California Institute of Technology
(Caltech),in collaboration with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).
I.A component that stores data across distributed processors and
retrieves it even if some of the processors fail.
II.A communications component that creates a redundant network
between multiple processors and supports a single, uniform way of
connecting to any of the processors.
III.A computing component that automatically recovers and restarts
applications if a processor fails
RAIN Technology

4. Goals of rain technology
RAIN Technology
I.RAIN Technology is able to offer the solution by minimizing
number of nodes in the chain connecting the client and server.
I.RAIN Technology making the exiting nodes more robust and
independent of each other.
I.RAIN Technology provides the feature of replacing a faulty node
by a healthy one.

5. Architecture
RAIN Technology

6. Reliable transport?
Consistent global state sharing?
protocol?
Always-On-IP?
Local and Global Fault Monitors?
Secure and Central Management?

7. Features of rain
1.It includes scalability and high availability.
1.Many novel features in an attempt to deal
with faults in nodes, network, and data
storage,
2.Fault tolerant interconnect.
1.Group members
4. Data storage
RAIN Technology

8. Scalability
Scalability is the ability of a system to
provide throughput in proportion to,
and limited only by, available hardware
resources. A scalable system is one that
can handle increasing numbers of
requests without adversely affecting
response time and throughput.

9. High Availability
The availability of a system or any
component in that system is defined by the
percentage of time that it works normally.
The formula for determining the availability
for a system is:
Availability = average time to failure
(ATTF) / [average time to failure (ATTF) +
average time to recover (ATTR)]

10. RAIN Technology
Data Storage
Fault tolerance in data storage across many disks is obtained using
redundant storage schemes. Novel error-correcting codes have been
developed for this purpose. These are array codes that encode and
decode using simple XOR operations.

11. Fault Tolerance
The ability of a system to respond
gracefully to an unexpected
hardware or software failure. There are
many levels of fault tolerance, the
lowest being the ability to continue
operation in the event of a power
failure

12. Components in rain technology
o Rain Nodes
o IP-based internetworking
o Rain management software
o Storage component
o Communication Component
o Computing Component

13. Topologies in rain
TECHNOLOGY
 Star topology
• When Hub or swich fails,the entire network fails.
 Ring topology
• When one node is disconnected, the whole network fails
 Bus topology
• If the backbone cable fails,the network fails

14. advantages
I.There is no limit on the size of a RAIN cluster.
II.There is no concept of master-slave relation.
III.A RAIN cluster can tolerate multiple node failure.
IV.This is highly efficiency in traffic management.
V.New node can be added into the cluster to participate in load sharing.
VI.It work with many different intermit application
RAIN Technology

15. Rain technology suffers with some drawback as specified below:
1. As the rain technology requires placement of switches in
between of structure, so it becomes little expensive.
2. Secondly, Installation and configuration is time consuming and
requires maintenance also.
3. Although if the node of the topology fails, it will not disturb the
topology completely as mentioned above but if
the switch fails, it affects the network partially and switch has to
be repaired as early as possible.
Dis-advantages

16. applications
High Availability Video Server
High Availability Web Server
Distributed Check pointing Mechanism
RAIN Technology

17. Future scope
RAIN Technology
 Development of API’s for using the various building blocks.
 The implementation of a real distributed file system using the
partitioning scheme developed here.
 The group communication protocols are being extended to
address more challenging scenarios.

18. Conclusion
The goal of the RAIN project has been to build a test-bed for various
building blocks that address fault management
Communication and storage in a distributed environment.
The creation of such building blocks is important for the development
of a fully functional distributed computing system.
RAIN Technology

19. References
[1]. www.wikipedia.com
[2]. www.searchdatacenter.techtarget.com
[3]. www.campusfever.com
[4]. www.google.com
[5]. www.seminartime.com
RAIN Technology

20. Thank you
Any queries
?
RAIN Technology