This document summarizes a seminar on RAIN technology. RAIN (Reliable Array of Independent Nodes) originated at Caltech to create a redundant network of processors that could automatically recover from failures. It aims to minimize connections between clients and servers and make nodes robust and independent. The architecture includes reliable transport, consistent global state sharing, and local/global fault monitors. Key features are scalability, high availability, fault tolerance for nodes, networks and data storage. Applications include high availability video and web servers. Future work involves further developing APIs and a distributed file system.

1. WELCOME

2. Seminar Topic
on
RAIN TECHNOLOGY
Presented By
Nadha Azeez P M
MSc Second Sem
COPSCS1208

3. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Goals of RAIN Technology
 Architecture
 Features of RAIN
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Applications
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 References

4. INTRODUCTION
 The name of the original research project is RAIN which stands for
Reliable Array of Independent Nodes. The RAIN technology originated in
a research project at the California Institute of Technology(Caltech), in
collaboration with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the Defense
Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA).
 A component that stores data across distributed processors and retrieves it
even if some of the processors fail
 A communications component that creates a redundant network between
multiple processors and supports a single, uniform way of connecting to any
of the processors
 A computing component that automatically recovers and restarts
applications if a processor fails

5. Goals of RAIN Technology
 RAIN Technology is able to offer the solution by minimizing number of
nodes in the chain connecting the client and server.
 RAIN Technology making the exiting nodes more robust andindependent
of each other.
 RAIN Technology provides the feature of replacing a faulty node by a
healthy one.

6. ARCHITECTURE
Third Party
Applications
Rainfinity
Applications
RAIN
MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION
STANDARD OPERATING SYSTEMS
RAIN PLATFORM
Global and Logical Monitor
Always-on-IP
Consistent Global State Sharing
Reliable Transport

7.  Reliable transport?
 Consistent global state sharing protocol?
 Always-On-IP?
 Local and Global Fault Monitors?
 Secure and Central Management?

8. FEATURES OF RAIN
 It includes scalability and high availability.
 Many novel features in an attempt to deal with faults in nodes, network,
and data storage,Fault tolerant interconnect.
 Group members
 Data storage

9. Scalability
 Scalability is the ability of a system to provide throughput in proportion
to, and limited only by, available hardware resources. A scalable system is
one that can handle increasing numbers of requests without adversely
affecting response time and throughput.

10. High Availability
 The availability of a system or any component in that system is defined
by the percentage of time that it works normally. The formula for
determining the availability for a system is: Availability average time to
failure (ATTF) / [average time to failure (ATTF) + average time to recover
(ATTR)]

11. Data Storage
 Fault tolerance in data storage across many disks is obtained using
redundant storage schemes, Novel error-correcting codes have been
developed for this purpose. These are array codes that encode and
decode using simple XOR operations.

12. Fault Tolerance
 The ability of a system to respond gracefully to an unexpected hardware
or software failure. There are many levels of fault tolerance, the lowest
being the ability to continue operation in the event of a power failure

13. Advantages
 There is no limit on the size of a RAIN cluster
 There is no concept of master-slave relation.
 A RAIN cluster can tolerate multiple node failure.
 This is highly efficiency in traffic management.
 New node can be added into the cluster to participate in load sharing.
 It work with many different intermit application

14. Disadvantages
Rain technology suffers with some drawback as specified below:
 As the rain technology requires placement of switches in between
ofstructure, so it becomes little expensive.
 Secondly, Installation andconfiguration is time consuming andrequires
maintenance also.
 Although if the node of the topology fails, it will not disturb the topology
completely as mentioned above but if the switch fails, it affects the
network partially and switch has to be repaired as early as possible.

15. Applications
 High Availability Video Server
 High Availability Web Server
 Distributed Check pointing Mechanism

16. Future Scope
 Development of API's for using the various building blocks.
 The implementation of a real distributed file system using thepartitioning
scheme developed here.
 The group communication protocols are being extended toaddress more
challenging scenarios.

17. Conclusion
 The goal of the RAIN project has been to build a test-bed for various
building blocks that address fault management.
 Communication and storage in a distributed environment.
 The creation of such building blocks is important for the development of
a fully functional distributed computing system.

18. References
 www.Wikipedia.com
 www.google.com
 www.seminartime.com
 www.campusfever.com

19. THANK YOU