The document summarizes key anatomical structures of the orbit, including its roof, floor, medial wall, lateral wall, and fissures. It describes the bones that form the orbital walls, such as the frontal bone, maxilla, palatine bone, zygomatic bone, ethmoid bone, and sphenoid bone. The document also outlines the contents and locations of important orbital structures like the superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure, and optic canal. Radiographic views of the orbit are summarized, including the Waters view, Caldwell's view, lateral view, submentovertex view, and Rhese view.

1. Dr.Pankaj Kaira
JR-I Radiodiagnosis
SRMSIMS Bareilly

2. Orbital anatomy
• Roof
• Floor
• Medial wall
• Lateral wall
• Superior orbital
fissure
• Inferior orbital
fissure
• Optic canal

3. • Frontal bone
with frontal
sinus
• Anteriorly thin
• Fossa for
lacrimal gland

4. • Orbital plate of
maxilla
• Orbital process
of palatine bone
• Orbital surface of
zygomatic bone

5. • Lacrimal groove
• Lacrimal bone
• Ethmoid bone
• Sphenoid bone
• Frontal process
of maxillary
bone

6. • Zygomatic
bone
• Geater wing
of Sphenoid

7. Location
•Between roof
and lateral wall
•Surrounded by
sphenoid
•Beneath optic
canal
•Optic strut

8. Content
•Superior
opthalmic vein
•CN III, IV, VI
•CN V1
>> Conduit
between orbital
apex-cavernous
sinus

9. Location
•Lies in the floor of the
orbit inferior to the
superior orbital fissure.
•Bounded superiorly by
the greater wing of
sphenoid ,inferiorly by
the maxilla and orbital
process of palatine
bone and laterally bye
the zygomatic bone.

10. Content
•Maxillary branch of
trigeminal nerve.
•Emissary veins
connecting the inferior
opthalmic vein to
pterygoid plexus .
•Infraorbital vessels.
•Zygomatic nerve
•Neural branches from
the pterygopalatine
ganglion

11. Optic canal
• Leads from the middle
cranial fossa to the apex of
the orbit.
Boundaries-
-Medially- Body of the
sphenoid
-Laterally- Lesser wing of
the sphenoid
• Contents
• Optic nerve + ophthalmic
artery
(in dural shealth)

12.  WATERS VIEW
 CALDWELL’S VIEW
 LATERAL VIEW
 SUBMENTOVERTEX VIEW
 RHESE VIEW

13.  The most important view
for sinus problems or
injury involving the
maxilla or orbits.
 By taking the view erect,
fluid levels within the
maxillary sinuses can be
seen.
13

14.  Measure: A-P at Glabella
 Protection: Half apron
over back of chair or coat
apron backwards
 No tube angle
 Film: 8” x 10” regular I.D.
Down (portrait)
14

15.  Patient is seated facing
the Bucky. Get the chair as
close to the Bucky as
possible. May also be taken
standing.
 Mentomeatal line should
be perpendicular to film
with mouth closed.
15

16.  The nose will be 1-2 cms
from Bucky with chin
resting on Bucky.
 The mouth may be opened
to see the sphenoid sinus.
When this is done, the
canthomeatal line should
be 35 to 40 degrees to the
Bucky.
16

17.  Facial bones and sinuses
 There should be no
rotation.
 The petrous ridges must be
below the floor of the
maxilla.
17

18. (a, frontal sinus; b, medial orbital wall; c, innominate line; d, inferior orbital rim;
e, orbital floor; f, maxillary antrum; g)superior orbital fissure; h, zygomatic-
frontal suture; i, zygomatic arch

19.  Patient is seated facing
Bucky. Their legs should be
under the Bucky. Get chair
as close to the Bucky as
possible.
 Ask patient to place their
nose and forehead on
center line of Bucky.
 Check for rotation.
19

20.  Horizontal CR: exits
through the Glabella or
Nasion
 Vertical CR: mid-sagittal
 Center film : the x-ray beam
is directed downward 15
degrees to 23 degrees to the
canthomeatal line
 Collimation: 6” or 7” square.
 Breathing Instructions:
Suspended Respiration
20

21.  This view will provide a
clear view of the frontal
and ethmoidal sinuses.
 The superior orbital rims
can be evaluated.
 To project the petrous
ridges farther down,
increase angle to 25
degrees
21

22.  The most important view
for sinus problems or
injury involving the
maxilla or orbits.
 By taking the view erect,
fluid levels within the
maxillary sinuses can be
seen.
22

23.  Measure: A-P at Glabella
 Protection: Half apron
over back of chair or coat
apron backwards
 No tube angle
 Film: 8” x 10” regular I.D.
Down (portrait)
23

24.  Patient is seated facing
the Bucky. Get the chair as
close to the Bucky as
possible. May also be taken
standing.
 Mentomeatal line should
be perpendicular to film
with mouth closed.
24

25.  The nose will be 1-2 cms
from Bucky with chin
resting on Bucky.
 The mouth may be opened
to see the sphenoid sinus.
When this is done, the
canthomeatal line should
be 35 to 40 degrees to the
Bucky.
25

26.  Facial bones and sinuses
 There should be no
rotation.
 The petrous ridges must be
below the floor of the
maxilla.
26

27. (a, frontal sinus; b, innominate line; c, inferior orbital rim; d, posterior orbital
floor; e, superior orbital fissure; f, greater wing of sphenoid;g, ethmoid sinus; h,
medial orbital wall; i, petrous ridge; j, zygomatic-frontal suture; k, foramen
rotundum)

28.  Patient seated or standing
facing the Bucky. Rotate the
body into an oblique
position.
 Turn skull so the affected
side is next to the Bucky.
 The interpupillary line
must be perpendicular to
film and tube.
 Mid sagittal plane parallel
to the film.
28

29.  Horizontal CR:
3/4”superior to EAM
 Vertical CR: 3/4”
anterior to EAM or mid
skull
 Center film to
horizontal CR.
 Collimation: slightly
less than film size
 Breathing
Instructions:
Suspended respiration
 Make exposure and let
patient relax.
29

30.  Entire skull must be on
the film.
 There should be no
rotation of the skull,
orbits and mandible
ramus superimposed.
 The facial bones and
sinuses will be dark (over
exposed).
 Usually both lateral
views are taken.
30

31. Radiograph of a lateral projection. (a, orbital roof; b, frontal sinus;
c, ethmoid sinus; d, anterior clinoid process; e, sella turcica; f,
planum sphenoidale)

32.  Measure: A-P at Glabella
 Protection: Half apron
 SID: 40” Bucky
 Tube Angle: None, but if
patient cannot extend
head back far enough to
get inferior orbital -meatal
line perpendicular to
horizontal CR , tube angle
may be needed.
32

33.  Film Size: 10” x 12”
regular I.D. down
(Portrait)
 Patient is seated in a
reclining chair. The chair
is placed about 6” to 10”
from Bucky.
 Patient is asked to extend
neck back until inferior
orbital meatal line is
parallel to film with top
of skull touching the
Bucky.
33

34.  Horizontal CR: EAM
 Vertical CR: mid-sagittal
 Center film to horizontal
CR The x-ray beam is
directed at right angles to
the infraorbitomeatal line
 Collimation: slightly less
than film size or skin of
skull
 Breathing Instructions:
suspended respiration
 Make exposure
34

35.  Assist patient get out of
the position. Be very
careful that the patient
does not hit face on x-ray
tube.
 The ability of the patient
to lay back in the chair
will make the view much
easier for all concerned.
35

36.  The entire skull is
visualized.
 The mandible and
frontal region of skull
are superimposed.
 With a bright light, the
zygomatic arches can
usually be seen.
36

37. (a, zygomatic arch; b, orbit; c, lateral orbital wall; d, posterior wall
of maxillary sinus; e, pterygoid plate; f, sphenoid sinus

40. PROJECTION STRUCTURE PATHOLOGY
WATERS VIEW ORBITAL FLOOR ANT
2/3
BLOW OUT#
CALDWELL’S VIEW INNOMINATE
LINE,ORBITAL FLOOR
POST.1/3
MEDIAL, LATERAL
WALL#
LATERAL VIEW ORBITAL ROOF ORBITAL ROOF #
SUBMENTO VERTEX LATERAL WALL OF
ORBIT
LATERAL WALL#
RHESE VIEW OPTIC CANAL OPTIC NERVE
TUMORS

41. THANK YOU