Radar
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Radar is used for collision avoidance, navigation, and pilotage. The radar screen displays range rings and a ship's head marker. International regulations require proper use of radar if fitted, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting. Assumptions should not be made based on limited radar information. Regulations also specify radar reflector size requirements. Collision avoidance using radar follows the rules to alter course depending on sector of detected vessels. Different radar display modes like head-up and north-up have benefits and drawbacks. Factors like range, target size and material, and false or interference echoes must be considered when using radar. Attending an RYA radar course is recommended prior to use.
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Basic design of a RADAR system
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List the basic terms, principles and concepts related to modern radar systems and operations
Express the working principle of simple radar, including radar ranging equation, waveform design, doppler effect, resolution, coverage and multipath
Clarify the working principle of radar and compare the functions, configurations and related applications of different types of radar systems
Talk about the principles, procedures, techniques and development of RADAR technology
Check RADAR's concept of operation (ConOps), functional architecture, system requirements, system design, architecture, operation and maintenance, and troubleshooting
Describe the high-level architecture of a simple RADAR system, which covers components and subsystems including transmitter, receiver, antenna, clutter and noise, detection, and signal processing modules
Establish the basic RADAR system performance according to the RADAR environment
Use different radar systems to provide detection, recognition and classification of objects/targets
Know the impact of environment and terrain on radar operation
Converse the applications and technologies behind microwave and millimeter wave radar systems
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Basic Development and Design of a Modern RADAR System
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Stealth Technology is totally based on the EM wave propagation and reflection.RADAR technology plays a major role in military and others.For an object to be discovered in the RADAR it must be able to reflect back the EM waves that hit it.So stealth technology is totally based on this concept.
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SEMINAR CREDITS:
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Radar
- 1. RADAR
- 2. Main uses of radar Collision avoidance i.e. look-out, plotting, finding course & speed, finding closest point of approach, determining risk of collision Navigation i.e. range, bearings, mixed fixes Pilotage i.e. clearing lines
- 3. BREAK DOWN OF A RADAR SCREEN Range rings Ships head marker
- 4. IRPCS & the use of radar Rule 5 (Lookout), Rule 6 (Safe speed), Rule 7 (Risk of collision), Rule 19 (conduct in restricted visability Rule 7b “Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.” Rule 7c “Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.”
- 5. SOLAS regulations Specifies that you must have a radar reflector ! If your craft is over 15m in length then it must be a specific size.
- 6. Collision avoidance Alter course as follows in collision situations depending on what sector the other craft appears. This method of collision avoidance matches Rule 19 for radar users (conduct in restricted visability)
- 7. POSITIVE: The virtue of head-up mode is that the picture corresponds to the view from the helm. DRAWBACK: When you alter course, the picture rotates. This can make it difficult to spot weak contacts.
- 9. Postive: Similar look to HU. Good for collision avoidance but needs to be reset whenever you alter your course
- 10. Principles RANGE Depends on height of scanner & target Effected by the horizon TARGETS Signal depends on size, material, aspect, texture, shape i.e. a port marker will show up better than a starboard marker
- 11. Beware ! False echos Side echos – i.e. when a boat goes past you there can be a repeated appearance on screen Shadows – i.e. blind spots Interference – i.e. from another radar **ATTEND AN RYA RADAR COURSE PRIOR TO USE !**