Rabiprazol
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•632 views
This document provides information on rabeprazole sodium for injection. It discusses the mechanism of action as a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid production. It notes the pharmacokinetics of rabeprazole including its plasma half-life and metabolism. The recommended uses and dosing schedule of intravenous administration of 20 mg once daily are described. Potential side effects and precautions for use in pregnancy and breastfeeding are also outlined.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Pharmacology of Cephalosporins
This document provides an overview of cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics. It describes their classification into four generations based on their spectrum of activity and other properties. Key points include: Cephalosporins are derived from the fungus Cephalosporium and are bactericidal by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Their classification is based on their spectrum of activity, with later generations having increased activity against gram-negative bacteria. Common examples from each generation like cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cefepime are described along with their indications, dosages, and adverse effects.
4. Sulphonamides
Sulfonamides were the first effective antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections but resistance has limited their use. They work by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme involved in folate synthesis. Sulfonamides are classified based on duration of action and include sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole. Resistance can develop via decreased drug uptake, decreased enzyme affinity, or increased PABA synthesis. Cotrimoxazole is a fixed dose combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole that has synergistic antibacterial effects and lower resistance due to sequential folate pathway inhibition. It is commonly used to treat urinary tract, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections.
Antiemetics
Antiemetics are drugs that prevent nausea and vomiting. They work by blocking receptors in the vomiting center of the brain such as H1 receptors, muscarinic receptors, dopamine D2 receptors, and 5-HT3 receptors. Common antiemetics include antihistamines like cyclizine for motion sickness, scopolamine for motion sickness, phenothiazines like prochlorperazine for chemotherapy induced vomiting, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists like ondansetron for chemotherapy and radiation induced vomiting. The document discusses the mechanisms and uses of various classes of antiemetic drugs for conditions like morning sickness, motion sickness, vertigo, and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation, or other illnesses.
Mebendazole
Mebendazole is a drug used to treat infections caused by various nematodes (roundworms). It works by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in worms and depleting their glucose levels. Mebendazole is typically used as a single 100mg dose or twice daily doses for 3 days to treat infections like pinworm, roundworm, and hookworm. Common side effects are mild and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mebendazole is contraindicated in pregnancy and those hypersensitive to it, and safety in young children is not established.
Quinolones.pptx
This document discusses quinolones and fluoroquinolones, including their history, mechanisms of action, classifications, spectra of activity, and examples like ciprofloxacin. It notes that nalidixic acid was the first quinolone introduced in the 1960s but had limited potency. Fluoroquinolones were developed in the 1980s by adding a fluorine group, improving potency and spectra against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Examples discussed include ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and newer agents like prulifloxacin and delafloxacin. Adverse effects are generally mild
Anthelmintic Drugs
Anthelmintics | B.Pharm 3rd year 2nd Sem | Medicinal Chemistry-III | History, Classification, Structures & Synthesis of anthelmintics, Synthesis of Diethylcarbamazine citrate, Synthesis of Mebendazole
Basic principles of chemotherapy
Basic principles of chemotherapy/ AMAs covers definition, history of AMAs development, principles of AMAs, problems associated with AMAs, failure of therapy with examples.
Neomycin
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic discovered in 1949. It belongs to a class of antibiotics containing two or more aminosugars bonded together. Neomycin is commonly used topically in creams and eyedrops but can also be taken orally combined with other antibiotics. It works by binding to the 30S subunit of the ribosome to inhibit protein translation from mRNA. However, neomycin can cause ototoxicity and hearing loss.
Recommended
Pharmacology of Cephalosporins
This document provides an overview of cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics. It describes their classification into four generations based on their spectrum of activity and other properties. Key points include: Cephalosporins are derived from the fungus Cephalosporium and are bactericidal by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Their classification is based on their spectrum of activity, with later generations having increased activity against gram-negative bacteria. Common examples from each generation like cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and cefepime are described along with their indications, dosages, and adverse effects.
4. Sulphonamides
Sulfonamides were the first effective antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections but resistance has limited their use. They work by inhibiting the bacterial enzyme involved in folate synthesis. Sulfonamides are classified based on duration of action and include sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole. Resistance can develop via decreased drug uptake, decreased enzyme affinity, or increased PABA synthesis. Cotrimoxazole is a fixed dose combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole that has synergistic antibacterial effects and lower resistance due to sequential folate pathway inhibition. It is commonly used to treat urinary tract, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections.
Antiemetics
Antiemetics are drugs that prevent nausea and vomiting. They work by blocking receptors in the vomiting center of the brain such as H1 receptors, muscarinic receptors, dopamine D2 receptors, and 5-HT3 receptors. Common antiemetics include antihistamines like cyclizine for motion sickness, scopolamine for motion sickness, phenothiazines like prochlorperazine for chemotherapy induced vomiting, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists like ondansetron for chemotherapy and radiation induced vomiting. The document discusses the mechanisms and uses of various classes of antiemetic drugs for conditions like morning sickness, motion sickness, vertigo, and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation, or other illnesses.
Mebendazole
Mebendazole is a drug used to treat infections caused by various nematodes (roundworms). It works by inhibiting the formation of microtubules in worms and depleting their glucose levels. Mebendazole is typically used as a single 100mg dose or twice daily doses for 3 days to treat infections like pinworm, roundworm, and hookworm. Common side effects are mild and include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mebendazole is contraindicated in pregnancy and those hypersensitive to it, and safety in young children is not established.
Quinolones.pptx
This document discusses quinolones and fluoroquinolones, including their history, mechanisms of action, classifications, spectra of activity, and examples like ciprofloxacin. It notes that nalidixic acid was the first quinolone introduced in the 1960s but had limited potency. Fluoroquinolones were developed in the 1980s by adding a fluorine group, improving potency and spectra against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Examples discussed include ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and newer agents like prulifloxacin and delafloxacin. Adverse effects are generally mild
Anthelmintic Drugs
Anthelmintics | B.Pharm 3rd year 2nd Sem | Medicinal Chemistry-III | History, Classification, Structures & Synthesis of anthelmintics, Synthesis of Diethylcarbamazine citrate, Synthesis of Mebendazole
Basic principles of chemotherapy
Basic principles of chemotherapy/ AMAs covers definition, history of AMAs development, principles of AMAs, problems associated with AMAs, failure of therapy with examples.
Neomycin
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic discovered in 1949. It belongs to a class of antibiotics containing two or more aminosugars bonded together. Neomycin is commonly used topically in creams and eyedrops but can also be taken orally combined with other antibiotics. It works by binding to the 30S subunit of the ribosome to inhibit protein translation from mRNA. However, neomycin can cause ototoxicity and hearing loss.
Presentation On ‘‘Esomeprazole’’
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other acid-related conditions. It works by blocking the final step of acid production in the stomach. It is indicated for GERD, erosive esophagitis, risk reduction of NSAID-associated ulcers, H. pylori eradication, and duodenal/gastric ulcers. Esomeprazole is contraindicated in those with known hypersensitivity. It is unlikely to pose teratogenic risk during pregnancy but should only be used if benefits outweigh risks. It is excreted in breastmilk so discontinuation should be considered based on importance to mother. Common side effects include
Antiemetics, emetics
Vomiting is caused by stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata by various triggers like toxins, motion, or brain tumors. The vomiting center can be activated through the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vestibular system, or peripheral receptors. Antiemetics work by blocking receptor sites like histamine H1, dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT3, and neurokinin NK1 receptors that transmit emetic signals to the vomiting center. The choice of antiemetic depends on the cause of vomiting and may include antihistamines, anticholinergics, dopamine antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, NK1 antagonists, corticosteroids, or cannab
Antitussives
This document discusses drugs for cough. It begins by describing the mechanism and causes of cough. Cough can be voluntary or reflexive, and has afferent and efferent pathways involving various nerves. Causes include upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, and other conditions. The document then classifies drugs for cough into four main categories: pharyngeal demulcents to soothe the throat; expectorants to increase or thin mucus; antitussives to suppress coughing; and bronchodilators to relieve cough caused by bronchospasm. Specific drugs and combinations are provided as examples for each category. The document concludes by describing specific treatments for cough based on its underlying cause.
Amoxicillin product-information
Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum, semi-synthetic antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in poultry. It exists as a trihydrate compound containing amoxicillin and inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. Amoxicillin is well absorbed orally and distributed throughout the body, achieving high concentrations in tissues. It is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly affecting poultry. The standard dosage for poultry is 20mg/kg daily for 3-5 days by dissolving in drinking water over a few hours.
CHEMOTHERAPY- PENICILLIN.pptx
DEFINITION CHEMOTHERAPY & ANTIBIOTICS
CHEMOTHERAPY: Chemotherapy is the treatment of infections by substances which destroy or suppress bacteria and other microorganism. The substances / Agents used may natural synthetic or semi – synthetic in nature.
ANTIBIOTICS: An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by microorganism which prevents the growth of other microorganism or kills the other microorganism. These are natural substances
CHEMOTHERAPY
It is a method of therapy of infectious disease and cancer with chemical agents – chemotherapeutic medicines
ANTIBIOTICS CLASSIFIED AS:
According to the mode of action on Bacteria:
According to the type of Bacteria:
According to the effectiveness against microorganism:
According to the mode of action on Bacteria:
Bacteriostatic: These antibiotics inhibit the growth & multiplication of Bacteria. Eg. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Sulphonamides, Dapsone, Erythromycin, Clindamycin.
Bactericidal: These antibiotics destroy or kill all the Bacteria in the process of multiplication. Eg. Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporin, Fluoroquinolones, Rifampicin, Metronidazole etc.
According to the type of Bacteria:
Gram Positive: Some Antibiotics are effective mainly against Gram Positive Bacteria Eg. Penicillin.
Gram Negative: Some Antibiotics are effective mainly against Gram Negative Bacteria Eg. Streptomycin.
According to the effectiveness against microorganism:
Broad Spectrum: The Antibiotics which acts against wide range of microorganisms. Eg. Tetracycline.
Narrow Spectrum: These Antibiotics are useful against limited microorganisms. Eg. Erythromycin
Toxic Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, Nausea, Vomiting and diarrhea may occur when given by mouth.
Skin sensitivity may develop with Penicillin or streptomycin causing rashes.
Serious toxic effect may occur due to streptomycin on the vestibular & auditory nerve causing vertigo & deafness
Drug Resistance: Many bacteria soon develops resistance to particular drug after a period of treatment, so that the bacteria will not respond to the same drug for example tubercle bacillus develops resistance to streptomycin quickly.
Super infection: The antibiotics given by mouth kill the normal bacteria inhibiting the alimentary canal and permits the over growth of other insensitive organisms which can cause serious complications. Eg. Fungus cause thrush which may go to the lungs with fatal results.
Hypersensitivity Reaction: Chemotherapeutic agents can cause Hypersensitivity reactions from mild rashes to serve anaphylactic shock. Eg. Penicillin & Sulphonamides.
Vitamin Deficiency: Alteration in vitamin formation and absorption from the bowel take place . So there is deficiency of Vitamin B complex and Vitamin K.
Anemia: In susceptible persons chloramphenicol may produce Aplastic anemia or agranulocytosis. (Action must be taken through proper history about previous drug reaction before administering penicillin sulphonamide and cephalosporin
Macrolides
This document discusses macrolide antibiotics, including their classification, mechanism of action, mechanisms of resistance, and examples like erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and telithromycin. Macrolides are a class of natural products consisting of a large macrocyclic lactone ring with attached deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking polypeptide chain elongation. Resistance can develop via ribosomal methylation, drug-inactivating enzymes, or efflux pumps. The macrolides discussed have similar spectra but differ in absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and indications.
Quinolones and FLUOROQUINOLONES
This document provides information about quinolones, including their classification, mechanism of action, and examples of specific quinolones. It discusses the classification of quinolones as first, second, third, or fourth generation. It also summarizes the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic properties, uses, and adverse effects of several common quinolones like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Finally, it mentions some quinolones currently under clinical trials.
Antimalarial drugs
This document discusses antimalarial drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects. The main classes of antimalarial drugs are tissue schizonticides, blood schizonticides, and gametocides. Key drugs discussed include chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, primaquine, and artemisinin derivatives. The document also covers antimalarial drug combinations such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin-based combination therapies.
Anthelmintic drugs
- Anthelmintic drugs are used to treat helminth (parasitic worm) infections which affect over two billion people worldwide.
- Some common anthelmintic drug classes include benzimidazoles (e.g. mebendazole, albendazole), piperazines, and avermectins (e.g. ivermectin).
- Mebendazole and albendazole are good choices for treating roundworm, hookworm, pinworm and whipworm infections. Praziquantel is used for tapeworm infections while ivermectin is effective for strongyloidiasis.
Anti Ameobic Drugs
This document discusses amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It affects approximately 48 million people worldwide and causes over 40,000 deaths annually. E. histolytica exists in two forms - cysts, which can survive outside the body and infect, and trophozoites, the invasive form that can reproduce and damage the intestinal wall. Diagnosis has relied on microscopy but newer techniques like PCR and ELISA are more sensitive and specific. Metronidazole is the main drug used to treat tissue infections but does not affect cysts, so luminal amoebicides like diloxanide furoate or paromomycin must also be used for complete eradication
Leprosy; Antileprotic drugs
Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepromatosis bacteria, which mainly affect the skin, mucus membranes, and nerves. It is classified based on the Ridley-Jopling system and can be paucibacillary or multibacillary. Leprosy is curable through multidrug therapy recommended by the WHO, which combines dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Nepal still has a significant number of new leprosy cases each year, particularly in the Terai region bordering India, though rates have decreased overall.
Fluoroquinolones
This document discusses fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including their parent drug nalidixic acid, mechanisms of action, classifications, and individual drug profiles. It notes that fluoroquinolones act by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes in bacteria. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset and neurological toxicity. Resistance can develop through chromosomal mutations in bacterial targets or reduced drug permeability. First-generation fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin are often used to treat urinary tract infections and respiratory infections.
Antileprotic drugs
This document discusses anti-leprotic drugs used to treat leprosy, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It outlines the classification, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and resistance issues of main drugs used including dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, ofloxacin and minocycline. It also describes multidrug therapy regimens introduced by WHO using combinations of these drugs to shorten treatment duration and prevent resistance. Alternative regimens are discussed for cases of rifampin resistance. Reactions during leprosy treatment like lepra reaction are also summarized.
Anthelmintic
This document provides information on various anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and side effects of common anthelmintics including mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole, pyrantel pamoate, piperazine, diethyl carbamazine citrate, and ivermectin. The document aims to educate on the treatment of helminth infections through different anthelmintic drug options.
Anthelmintic drugs
The document discusses various anthelmintic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. It focuses on commonly used drugs like albendazole, mebendazole, piperazine, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, praziquantel, and niclosamide which are used to treat infections caused by different types of intestinal worms and parasites. The document also provides an overview of the epidemiology and control of helminth infections.
Anti emetics
1) Anti-emetic drugs are used to prevent or suppress vomiting. They are classified into different categories including anti-cholinergics, anti-histamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic drugs, 5HT antagonists, and adjuvent anti-emetics.
2) Common anti-emetic drugs include cyclizine, dicyclomine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron. They work through different mechanisms such as blocking neurotransmitters or receptors.
3) Anti-emetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting from conditions like cancer chemotherapy, motion sickness, and post-operative vomiting. Adverse effects can include
Immunosuppressants drug
The document discusses various types of immunosuppressant drugs, their mechanisms of action, and uses. It covers calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, mTOR inhibitors like sirolimus and everolimus, antiproliferative drugs, glucocorticoids, and biological agents. Cyclosporine inhibits T cell proliferation by binding cyclophilin and inhibiting calcineurin. Tacrolimus binds a different protein FKBP but also inhibits calcineurin. Sirolimus binds FKBP but inhibits mTOR, arresting the immune response at a later stage. These drugs are used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat autoimmune diseases.
Antileprotic drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat leprosy (Hansen's disease). It outlines the mechanisms and uses of major antileprotics including dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. It also discusses alternative drugs like fluoroquinolones and various multidrug therapy regimens. Treatment strategies aim to prevent resistance and quickly relieve symptoms. Reactions like lepra reactions are also covered.
Antiprotozoal agents
This document discusses antiprotozoal agents used to treat various protozoal diseases. It begins by introducing common protozoal diseases like malaria, amoebiasis, and leishmaniasis that infect humans and animals in tropical countries. The document then classifies antiprotozoal drugs and describes several types and their mechanisms of action. Key drugs discussed include emetine, metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, clioquinol, and iodoquinol. The mechanisms of these drugs involve inhibiting protein synthesis, binding to DNA or metal ions, or undergoing microbial reduction to produce reactive intermediates.
Macrolide antibiotics
These are antibiotics having a macrocyclic
lactone ring with attached sugars. Erythromycin
is the first member discovered in the 1950s,
Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin and Azithromycin
are the later additions. Antimicrobial spectrum is narrow,
includes mostly gram-positive and a few gramnegative
bacteria, and overlaps considerably with
that of penicillin G. Erythromycin is highly active
against Str. pyogenes and Str. pneumoniae, N.
gonorrhoeae, Clostridia, C. diphtheriae and
Listeria, but penicillin-resistant Staphylococci
and Streptococci are now resistant to erythromycin
also.
All cocci readily develop resistance
to erythromycin, mostly by acquiring the
capacity to pump it out. Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
have been found to produce an erythromycin
esterase. Alteration in the ribosomal binding
site for erythromycin by a plasmid encoded
methylase enzyme is an important mechanism of
resistance in gram-positive bacteria. All the above
types of resistance are plasmid mediated. Change
in the 50S ribosome by chromosomal mutation
reducing macrolide binding a
Acid peptic disease (VK)
This document discusses drugs used for acid peptic disease. It begins by introducing acid peptic disorders and describing the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors in the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to conditions like peptic ulcers. The document then examines the pathogenesis of these conditions and various drug therapies used to enhance defensive factors or eliminate aggressive ones. It provides detailed descriptions of different drug classes, including H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergics, prostaglandin agonists, mucosal protective agents, and ulcer healing drugs. For each class, it discusses mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
Sulfasalazine
This document discusses sulfasalazine, a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine is a prodrug composed of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) linked to sulfapyridine through an azo bond. When ingested, it is partially absorbed in the jejunum and the remainder is reduced in the colon by bacteria into sulfapyridine and 5-ASA, its active components. The document also discusses the pharmacology, structure-activity relationships, and use of prodrug approaches of delivering 5-ASA specifically to the colon to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.
More Related Content
What's hot
Presentation On ‘‘Esomeprazole’’
Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and other acid-related conditions. It works by blocking the final step of acid production in the stomach. It is indicated for GERD, erosive esophagitis, risk reduction of NSAID-associated ulcers, H. pylori eradication, and duodenal/gastric ulcers. Esomeprazole is contraindicated in those with known hypersensitivity. It is unlikely to pose teratogenic risk during pregnancy but should only be used if benefits outweigh risks. It is excreted in breastmilk so discontinuation should be considered based on importance to mother. Common side effects include
Antiemetics, emetics
Vomiting is caused by stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata by various triggers like toxins, motion, or brain tumors. The vomiting center can be activated through the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vestibular system, or peripheral receptors. Antiemetics work by blocking receptor sites like histamine H1, dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT3, and neurokinin NK1 receptors that transmit emetic signals to the vomiting center. The choice of antiemetic depends on the cause of vomiting and may include antihistamines, anticholinergics, dopamine antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, NK1 antagonists, corticosteroids, or cannab
Antitussives
This document discusses drugs for cough. It begins by describing the mechanism and causes of cough. Cough can be voluntary or reflexive, and has afferent and efferent pathways involving various nerves. Causes include upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, and other conditions. The document then classifies drugs for cough into four main categories: pharyngeal demulcents to soothe the throat; expectorants to increase or thin mucus; antitussives to suppress coughing; and bronchodilators to relieve cough caused by bronchospasm. Specific drugs and combinations are provided as examples for each category. The document concludes by describing specific treatments for cough based on its underlying cause.
Amoxicillin product-information
Amoxicillin is a broad spectrum, semi-synthetic antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in poultry. It exists as a trihydrate compound containing amoxicillin and inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. Amoxicillin is well absorbed orally and distributed throughout the body, achieving high concentrations in tissues. It is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria commonly affecting poultry. The standard dosage for poultry is 20mg/kg daily for 3-5 days by dissolving in drinking water over a few hours.
CHEMOTHERAPY- PENICILLIN.pptx
DEFINITION CHEMOTHERAPY & ANTIBIOTICS
CHEMOTHERAPY: Chemotherapy is the treatment of infections by substances which destroy or suppress bacteria and other microorganism. The substances / Agents used may natural synthetic or semi – synthetic in nature.
ANTIBIOTICS: An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by microorganism which prevents the growth of other microorganism or kills the other microorganism. These are natural substances
CHEMOTHERAPY
It is a method of therapy of infectious disease and cancer with chemical agents – chemotherapeutic medicines
ANTIBIOTICS CLASSIFIED AS:
According to the mode of action on Bacteria:
According to the type of Bacteria:
According to the effectiveness against microorganism:
According to the mode of action on Bacteria:
Bacteriostatic: These antibiotics inhibit the growth & multiplication of Bacteria. Eg. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Sulphonamides, Dapsone, Erythromycin, Clindamycin.
Bactericidal: These antibiotics destroy or kill all the Bacteria in the process of multiplication. Eg. Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporin, Fluoroquinolones, Rifampicin, Metronidazole etc.
According to the type of Bacteria:
Gram Positive: Some Antibiotics are effective mainly against Gram Positive Bacteria Eg. Penicillin.
Gram Negative: Some Antibiotics are effective mainly against Gram Negative Bacteria Eg. Streptomycin.
According to the effectiveness against microorganism:
Broad Spectrum: The Antibiotics which acts against wide range of microorganisms. Eg. Tetracycline.
Narrow Spectrum: These Antibiotics are useful against limited microorganisms. Eg. Erythromycin
Toxic Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, Nausea, Vomiting and diarrhea may occur when given by mouth.
Skin sensitivity may develop with Penicillin or streptomycin causing rashes.
Serious toxic effect may occur due to streptomycin on the vestibular & auditory nerve causing vertigo & deafness
Drug Resistance: Many bacteria soon develops resistance to particular drug after a period of treatment, so that the bacteria will not respond to the same drug for example tubercle bacillus develops resistance to streptomycin quickly.
Super infection: The antibiotics given by mouth kill the normal bacteria inhibiting the alimentary canal and permits the over growth of other insensitive organisms which can cause serious complications. Eg. Fungus cause thrush which may go to the lungs with fatal results.
Hypersensitivity Reaction: Chemotherapeutic agents can cause Hypersensitivity reactions from mild rashes to serve anaphylactic shock. Eg. Penicillin & Sulphonamides.
Vitamin Deficiency: Alteration in vitamin formation and absorption from the bowel take place . So there is deficiency of Vitamin B complex and Vitamin K.
Anemia: In susceptible persons chloramphenicol may produce Aplastic anemia or agranulocytosis. (Action must be taken through proper history about previous drug reaction before administering penicillin sulphonamide and cephalosporin
Macrolides
This document discusses macrolide antibiotics, including their classification, mechanism of action, mechanisms of resistance, and examples like erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and telithromycin. Macrolides are a class of natural products consisting of a large macrocyclic lactone ring with attached deoxy sugars. They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocking polypeptide chain elongation. Resistance can develop via ribosomal methylation, drug-inactivating enzymes, or efflux pumps. The macrolides discussed have similar spectra but differ in absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and indications.
Quinolones and FLUOROQUINOLONES
This document provides information about quinolones, including their classification, mechanism of action, and examples of specific quinolones. It discusses the classification of quinolones as first, second, third, or fourth generation. It also summarizes the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic properties, uses, and adverse effects of several common quinolones like ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin. Finally, it mentions some quinolones currently under clinical trials.
Antimalarial drugs
This document discusses antimalarial drugs, including their classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects. The main classes of antimalarial drugs are tissue schizonticides, blood schizonticides, and gametocides. Key drugs discussed include chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, proguanil, pyrimethamine, primaquine, and artemisinin derivatives. The document also covers antimalarial drug combinations such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin-based combination therapies.
Anthelmintic drugs
- Anthelmintic drugs are used to treat helminth (parasitic worm) infections which affect over two billion people worldwide.
- Some common anthelmintic drug classes include benzimidazoles (e.g. mebendazole, albendazole), piperazines, and avermectins (e.g. ivermectin).
- Mebendazole and albendazole are good choices for treating roundworm, hookworm, pinworm and whipworm infections. Praziquantel is used for tapeworm infections while ivermectin is effective for strongyloidiasis.
Anti Ameobic Drugs
This document discusses amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It affects approximately 48 million people worldwide and causes over 40,000 deaths annually. E. histolytica exists in two forms - cysts, which can survive outside the body and infect, and trophozoites, the invasive form that can reproduce and damage the intestinal wall. Diagnosis has relied on microscopy but newer techniques like PCR and ELISA are more sensitive and specific. Metronidazole is the main drug used to treat tissue infections but does not affect cysts, so luminal amoebicides like diloxanide furoate or paromomycin must also be used for complete eradication
Leprosy; Antileprotic drugs
Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepromatosis bacteria, which mainly affect the skin, mucus membranes, and nerves. It is classified based on the Ridley-Jopling system and can be paucibacillary or multibacillary. Leprosy is curable through multidrug therapy recommended by the WHO, which combines dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. Nepal still has a significant number of new leprosy cases each year, particularly in the Terai region bordering India, though rates have decreased overall.
Fluoroquinolones
This document discusses fluoroquinolone antibiotics, including their parent drug nalidixic acid, mechanisms of action, classifications, and individual drug profiles. It notes that fluoroquinolones act by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enzymes in bacteria. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset and neurological toxicity. Resistance can develop through chromosomal mutations in bacterial targets or reduced drug permeability. First-generation fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin are often used to treat urinary tract infections and respiratory infections.
Antileprotic drugs
This document discusses anti-leprotic drugs used to treat leprosy, which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It outlines the classification, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and resistance issues of main drugs used including dapsone, clofazimine, rifampin, ofloxacin and minocycline. It also describes multidrug therapy regimens introduced by WHO using combinations of these drugs to shorten treatment duration and prevent resistance. Alternative regimens are discussed for cases of rifampin resistance. Reactions during leprosy treatment like lepra reaction are also summarized.
Anthelmintic
This document provides information on various anthelmintic drugs used to treat helminth infections. It discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and side effects of common anthelmintics including mebendazole, albendazole, thiabendazole, pyrantel pamoate, piperazine, diethyl carbamazine citrate, and ivermectin. The document aims to educate on the treatment of helminth infections through different anthelmintic drug options.
Anthelmintic drugs
The document discusses various anthelmintic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects. It focuses on commonly used drugs like albendazole, mebendazole, piperazine, diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin, praziquantel, and niclosamide which are used to treat infections caused by different types of intestinal worms and parasites. The document also provides an overview of the epidemiology and control of helminth infections.
Anti emetics
1) Anti-emetic drugs are used to prevent or suppress vomiting. They are classified into different categories including anti-cholinergics, anti-histamines, neuroleptics, prokinetic drugs, 5HT antagonists, and adjuvent anti-emetics.
2) Common anti-emetic drugs include cyclizine, dicyclomine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron. They work through different mechanisms such as blocking neurotransmitters or receptors.
3) Anti-emetics are used to treat nausea and vomiting from conditions like cancer chemotherapy, motion sickness, and post-operative vomiting. Adverse effects can include
Immunosuppressants drug
The document discusses various types of immunosuppressant drugs, their mechanisms of action, and uses. It covers calcineurin inhibitors like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, mTOR inhibitors like sirolimus and everolimus, antiproliferative drugs, glucocorticoids, and biological agents. Cyclosporine inhibits T cell proliferation by binding cyclophilin and inhibiting calcineurin. Tacrolimus binds a different protein FKBP but also inhibits calcineurin. Sirolimus binds FKBP but inhibits mTOR, arresting the immune response at a later stage. These drugs are used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat autoimmune diseases.
Antileprotic drugs
This document discusses drugs used to treat leprosy (Hansen's disease). It outlines the mechanisms and uses of major antileprotics including dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. It also discusses alternative drugs like fluoroquinolones and various multidrug therapy regimens. Treatment strategies aim to prevent resistance and quickly relieve symptoms. Reactions like lepra reactions are also covered.
Antiprotozoal agents
This document discusses antiprotozoal agents used to treat various protozoal diseases. It begins by introducing common protozoal diseases like malaria, amoebiasis, and leishmaniasis that infect humans and animals in tropical countries. The document then classifies antiprotozoal drugs and describes several types and their mechanisms of action. Key drugs discussed include emetine, metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, clioquinol, and iodoquinol. The mechanisms of these drugs involve inhibiting protein synthesis, binding to DNA or metal ions, or undergoing microbial reduction to produce reactive intermediates.
Macrolide antibiotics
These are antibiotics having a macrocyclic
lactone ring with attached sugars. Erythromycin
is the first member discovered in the 1950s,
Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin and Azithromycin
are the later additions. Antimicrobial spectrum is narrow,
includes mostly gram-positive and a few gramnegative
bacteria, and overlaps considerably with
that of penicillin G. Erythromycin is highly active
against Str. pyogenes and Str. pneumoniae, N.
gonorrhoeae, Clostridia, C. diphtheriae and
Listeria, but penicillin-resistant Staphylococci
and Streptococci are now resistant to erythromycin
also.
All cocci readily develop resistance
to erythromycin, mostly by acquiring the
capacity to pump it out. Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
have been found to produce an erythromycin
esterase. Alteration in the ribosomal binding
site for erythromycin by a plasmid encoded
methylase enzyme is an important mechanism of
resistance in gram-positive bacteria. All the above
types of resistance are plasmid mediated. Change
in the 50S ribosome by chromosomal mutation
reducing macrolide binding a
What's hot (20)
Similar to Rabiprazol
Acid peptic disease (VK)
This document discusses drugs used for acid peptic disease. It begins by introducing acid peptic disorders and describing the imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors in the gastrointestinal tract that can lead to conditions like peptic ulcers. The document then examines the pathogenesis of these conditions and various drug therapies used to enhance defensive factors or eliminate aggressive ones. It provides detailed descriptions of different drug classes, including H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, anticholinergics, prostaglandin agonists, mucosal protective agents, and ulcer healing drugs. For each class, it discusses mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical uses, and adverse effects.
Sulfasalazine
This document discusses sulfasalazine, a drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Sulfasalazine is a prodrug composed of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) linked to sulfapyridine through an azo bond. When ingested, it is partially absorbed in the jejunum and the remainder is reduced in the colon by bacteria into sulfapyridine and 5-ASA, its active components. The document also discusses the pharmacology, structure-activity relationships, and use of prodrug approaches of delivering 5-ASA specifically to the colon to treat inflammatory bowel diseases.
Pantoprazole
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid and treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease. It works by irreversibly binding to the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme in the stomach walls to suppress acid production. Pantoprazole has good oral bioavailability and reaches peak levels within 2-4 hours. It is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including headache and abdominal pain. Long-term use has been associated with risks of bone fracture and hypomagnesemia. Pantoprazole dosing depends on the condition being treated, with recommended durations ranging from 8 weeks to indefinite maintenance therapy.
1.proton pump.pptx
1) Proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and esomeprazole are widely used to treat gastric acid-related disorders by inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump in parietal cells.
2) They work by accumulating in the acidic canaliculi of parietal cells where they are activated and bind covalently to cysteine residues on the pump, irreversibly inhibiting it.
3) Common side effects include headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. They generally have few drug interactions but some are metabolized by CYP450 enzymes and may
Anti ulcer drugs
This document provides information on drugs used to treat ulcers. It begins by defining ulcers and their main causes as infection by H. pylori or use of NSAIDs. Drugs are classified as antimicrobial agents, H2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors, prostaglandins, antacids, and mucosal protective agents. The mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of various drugs from these classes are described in detail, including combinations used to eradicate H. pylori infections. Key drugs discussed are clarithromycin, omeprazole, misoprostol, aluminum hydroxide, and sucralfate.
Proton pump inhibitor
This document provides information about proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It discusses what a proton pump is and how PPIs work by inhibiting proton pumps in the stomach. It lists commonly used PPIs like omeprazole, lansoprazole, and pantoprazole. It describes the mechanism of action of PPIs in blocking acid production and their pharmacokinetics. Potential adverse effects with short and long term use are outlined as well as common medical and therapeutic uses to treat conditions like ulcers and GERD. A comparison of pantoprazole to other PPIs in terms of bioavailability, effects duration, and drug interactions is also provided.
Rabeprazole 20mg gastro resistant tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticals
Rabeprazole Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Rabeprazole Dosage & Rx Info | Rabeprazole Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Rabeprazole - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Rabeprazole dose Taj pharmaceuticals Rabeprazole interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Rabeprazole contraindications, Rabeprazole price, Rabeprazole Taj Pharma Rabeprazole 20mg Gastro-resistant Tablets SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Rabeprazole Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
protonpumpinhibitor-150826105023-lva1-app6891.pdf
This presentation provides information on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). It discusses what a proton pump is, how PPIs work to inhibit proton pumps, clinically used PPIs like omeprazole and pantoprazole, their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, medical and therapeutic uses, and comparisons between different PPIs. References are also provided at the end.
Rose hips drug interactions,Dr.Mohammad Baghaei
The rose hip, also known as rose haw or rose hep, is the fruit of the rose plant that is typically red-to-orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after successful pollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn.
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma SmPC
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Rabeprazole Sodium Dosage & Rx Info | Rabeprazole Sodium Uses, Side Effects, Dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, Rabeprazole Sodium : Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Rabeprazole Sodium - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Rabeprazole Sodium dose Taj pharmaceuticals Rabeprazole Sodium interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Rabeprazole Sodium SmPC
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma SmPC
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Rabeprazole Sodium Dosage & Rx Info | Rabeprazole Sodium Uses, Side Effects, Dyspepsia and gastro-esophageal reflux disease, Rabeprazole Sodium : Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Rabeprazole Sodium - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Rabeprazole Sodium dose Taj pharmaceuticals Rabeprazole Sodium interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Rabeprazole Sodium SmPC
Pantoprazole
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to reduce stomach acid production. It is used to treat stomach ulcers, GERD, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Pantoprazole works by covalently binding to proton pumps in the stomach's gastric parietal cells for up to 24 hours to inhibit acid secretion. Potential side effects include nausea, diarrhea, weakness, headaches, and skin rashes. Drug interactions can occur with medications like nelfinavir, warfarin, and digoxin, so caution is recommended when taking other drugs. Pantoprazole should also be used carefully in patients with liver disease or osteoporosis, and its safety during pregnancy
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 0.4 mg
It is all about Tamsulosin Hydrochloride 0.4 mg , including all Mechanism of action , its indication , pharmacokinetics , new research on it , dosage forms , contraindication , adverse reaction ,
Antibiotics
this article include useful information about antibiotic working in DNA inhibitor may direct action as sulfonamide or indirect action as fluroquinolone groups.
the presentation show mechanism of actions,uses , adverse effect ,also resistance and pharma-cokinetic properties of each drug.
in simple way and a lot of picture to describe information this work is done .
thanks
An Outline on Various Methods Used in Formulation and Evaluation of Lansopraz...
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of lansoprazole liposomes and pro-liposomes. Lansoprazole is a drug used to treat gastric ulcers and acid reflux. The abstract outlines methods for creating lansoprazole liposomes and pro-liposomes using techniques like film deposition and spray drying. It also discusses evaluation methods for characterizing the formulations, such as particle size, zeta potential, and drug release studies. The goal is to develop a biocompatible liposomal formulation of lansoprazole that improves solubility, stability and bioavailability for treating conditions like ulcers and inflammation.
Ppi copy
This document provides information on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), including their definition, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, indications, contraindications, adverse effects, drug interactions, nursing considerations, and patient teaching points. PPIs work by reducing stomach acid production and are commonly prescribed for conditions like dyspepsia, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Adverse effects can include headaches, diarrhea and bone fractures with long term use. Nurses should monitor for side effects and educate patients on proper administration and signs of complications.
Solace Biotech Product Start With Letter "P"
The document describes various drug products from Solace Biotech that begin with the letter P. Prazoto-40 contains the active ingredient Pantoprazole which inhibits gastric acid secretion and is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. Prazoto-D contains Pantoprazole and Domperidone to reduce stomach acid. Prazoto-DSR contains a sustained release formulation of Pantoprazole with Domperidone. Prazoto-IV provides Pantoprazole in an injectable formulation for intravenous use to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Rifampicin
Rifampicin is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase. Common forms include capsules, syrup, ointment, and intravenous powder. Rifampicin must be taken regularly as part of a combination drug regimen to prevent drug resistance and is commonly used with isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin to treat tuberculosis. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, and liver dysfunction. Due to interactions with many other drugs, patients should notify their provider of all medications.
Drugs used in peptic ulcer
This document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcers. It describes several classifications of drugs: gastric acid secretion inhibitors like H2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors; gastric acid neutralizers or antacids; and ulcer protectives like sucralfate. Specific drugs are discussed within each class, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects. The document also covers factors involved in gastric acid secretion and how different drugs work to inhibit this process to treat ulcers.
Omeprazole
This document provides information on the drug Omeprazole including its indications, dosage, administration instructions, drug interactions, and safety. It can be used by healthcare professionals and patients to understand how to safely use Omeprazole to treat conditions like ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Key details include that Omeprazole is available as capsules, tablets, and suspensions, is usually taken once daily with food, and common side effects include hypomagnesaemia and allergic reactions. Medical advice should be sought for any questions or concerns about use.
Similar to Rabiprazol (20)
Rabeprazole 20mg gastro resistant tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticals
Rabeprazole 20mg gastro resistant tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticals
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma SmPC
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma SmPC
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma SmPC
Rabeprazole Sodium 10mg/20mg/40mg Tablets Taj Pharma SmPC
An Outline on Various Methods Used in Formulation and Evaluation of Lansopraz...
An Outline on Various Methods Used in Formulation and Evaluation of Lansopraz...
Recently uploaded
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptx
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Recently uploaded (20)
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdf
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Rabiprazol
- 1. Lakshmi Narayana M Rabeprazole Sodium for Injection 20 mg
- 2. Our Path….. Introduction Mechanism of action Pharmacokinetics Indications Recommended dosing schedule Not to prescribe or take care Possible side effects of pantoprazole
- 3. Introduction….. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production Rabeprazole is an antiulcer drug in the class of proton pump inhibitors. It was developed by Eisai Co. in 1991
- 4. Mechanism of action….. Rabiprazol is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that suppresses the final step in gastric acid production by covalently binding to the (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. This effect leads to inhibition of both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, irrespective of the stimulus. The binding of pantoprazole to H+/K+-ATPase is irreversible in nature, and effectively inhibits acid secretion until new enzyme is synthesized.
- 5. Pharmacokinetics….. Absolute bioavailability rabeprazole I.V. is 100%. Rabeprazole is 96.3% bound to human plasma proteins. plasma half-life ranges from 1 to 2 hr. approximately 90% of the drug was eliminated in the urine The remainder of the dose was recovered in the faeces
- 6. Indications….. 1. Active duodenal ulcer with bleeding or severe erosions. 2. Active gastric ulcer with bleeding or severe erosions. 3. Short-term treatment of erosive or ulcerative gastroesophageal reflux disease 4. (GERD) 5. Prevention of acid-aspiration. 6. Stress-induced mucosal injury in critical care. 7. Pathological hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
- 7. Recommended dosing schedule….. 1. The intravenous administration is recommended only in cases where the oral administration is not indicated. As soon as an oral therapy is possible the intravenous therapy should be discontinued. 2. Recommended dose is intravenous administration of the content of one vial (20 mg rabeprazole) once daily. Parenteral routes of administration other than intravenous are not recommended.
- 8. 1. Pregnancy: US FDA pregnancy category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. 2. Lactation: Use is not recommended and a decision should be made to discontinue breastfeeding or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Excreted into human milk: Unknown Excreted into animal milk: Yes Comments: The effects in the nursing infant are unknown. Not to prescribe or take care…..
- 9. Possible side effects….. 1. Hypersensitivity Reactions 2. Acute Interstitial Nephritis 3. Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea. 4. Bone Fracture. 5. Cutaneous and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. 6. Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B-12) Deficiency. 7. Hypomagnesemia