This document provides an overview of drillstring equipment used in drilling engineering. It discusses the components that make up the drillstring, including drill pipes, drill collars, heavy wall drill pipes, tool joints, and elevators used to handle the drillstring. Drill pipes extend along most of the drillstring length and are used only under tension to transmit power. Drill collars are thick-walled pipes located near the bit that provide weight to apply axial force to the bit. Heavy wall drill pipes are intermediate between drill pipes and collars, able to withstand compression and used in directional drilling.
PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF FOUR TYPES OF FASTENER MODELING IN CHANNE...ijmech
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this presentation has animations, play it in ms powerpoint as slideshow for better understanding.
this module includes
a) Introduction
b) Advantages and types of
pre-stressing
c) Pre-stressing systems
d) Materials for pre-stressing
E) PREREQUISITE OF SOM
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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Prestressed steel I- girder shows cost saving up to 50% for 15m span, 37% for 20m span, 28% for 25m span and 20% for
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. 1. The Rotary System
A. Introduction
B. Kelly, Kelly Valves, and Kelly Saver Sub
C. Rotary Table and Components
2. Well Control System
3. Well Monitoring System
3. 1. Drillstring Tubulars
A. Drill Pipes
a. properties of drill pipes
B. Drill Pipe Elevator
C. Drill Collars & Heavy Wall Drill Pipes
4.
5. Drillstring purpose & constitutes
The purpose of the drillstring is
to transmit mechanical power (torque and rotation),
hydraulic power (pressure and flow rate), and
weight to the bit.
The drillstring is composed mainly
of the following elements:
Drill pipes,
Heavy wall drill pipes,
Drill collars,
Several special elements and tools.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 5
6. schematic of a typical rotary drillstring
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 6
7.
8. Drill Pipe
Below the kelly assembly
(upper kelly valve + kelly +lower kelly valve + kelly saver
sub) is a length of drill pipes (DP).
Drill Pipe is a primary and important drillstring member.
Since the drill pipes are generally compose
the upper and longest portion of the drillstring,
they must be light and strong.
The drill pipe body is a seamless pipe
with outside diameter (OD) varying from 2 3/8in to 6 5/8in.
The outside diameter and the wall thickness t
determine the linear weight of the drill pipe.
The inside diameter (ID) is equal to OD minus 2t.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 8
9. Drill pipe material
Drill pipes are made of
high grade steel
(there are also drill pipes made of
aluminum, carbon fiber, etc).
API has standardized four steel grades:
E–75, X–95, G–105, and S–135.
The figures represent
the minimum yield strength Ys
(in ksi) of the the steel.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 9
10. Drill pipe specification and
following basic parameters
Drill pipes are specified with the following basic parameters:
1. Length range:
Range I: 18ft to 22ft,
Range II: 27ft to 30ft (most common),
Range III: 38ft to 45 ft,
2. Nominal linear weight:
in general 2 or 3 linear weight or wall thickness for each standard
OD
3. Wall upset:
EU (external upset), IU (internal upset),
and IEU (internal & external upset).
The wall upset is a length of extra thickness at both ends of the drill
pipe body to provide a smooth transition between the pipe body
and the tool joint, in order to reduce the stress concentration,
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 10
11. Drill pipe specification and
following basic parameters (Cont.)
4. Tool joint OD, ID, and tong length,
5. Steel grade:
(D-55), E-75, X-95, G-105, S-135,
6. Connection size and type:
from 2 3/8in to 5 1/2in, type
IF (internal flush),
EF (external flush),
FH (full hole),
XH (extra hole),
SH (slim hole),
DS (double streamline), and NC (numbered connection),
The API RP-7G contains the specification of all API
standard drill pipes approved for oil and gas drilling use.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 11
12. The tool joints
The tool joints
are heavy coupling elements having coarse,
tapered threads and sealing shoulders designed
to sustain the weight and
to transmit torque along the drillstring.
The threads of the tool joints are specially designed
to offer strength (axial and torsional), easy handling,
fast connections (number of turns to make the
connection), and leak-proof sealing (metal to metal).
Tool joints might be
welded or screwed to the ends of the drill pipe body.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 12
13. Typical tool joint designs
(A)
Internal upset DP
with full–hole
shrink–grip TJ,
(B)
External upset DP
with internal–
flush shrink–grip
TJ,
(C) External upset
DP with flash–
weld unitized TJ,
(D) External–
internal upset DP
with Hydrill™–
pressure welded
TJ.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 13
14.
15. common properties of drill pipes
Two other common properties of drill pipes are
capacity and displacement.
Pipe Capacity:
The capacity Ap of a drill pipe is a measure of
its internal area, expressed as volume/length,
usually gal/ft or bbl/ft.
Sometimes the capacity is expressed as the reversal of the area,
usually in ft/bbl. The reader should be attended to the units.
If Di is the inside diameter (ID) of a drill pipe in inches,
then
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 15
16. common properties of drill pipes
(Cont.)
Pipe Displacement:
The displacement As of the drill pipe is the measure of its
cross-section area, expressed as volume/length, normally
bbl/ft.
If Do is the outside diameter (OD) of a drill pipe in inches,
Annulus Capacity:
The annulus capacity Aa is not a property of the pipe because
it depends on the diameter of the hole opposite to the pipe.
DW is the diameter of the well, & the annulus capacity Aa in bbl/ft
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 16
17. Drill pipe nominal weight
The capacity and displacement formulas above
do not take into account the tool joints,
and manufacturer tables must be consulted
when more accurate values are required.
In particular, the nominal weight that specify a
given drill pipe represents
neither the pipe body linear weight,
nor the average linear weight
(body plus tool joint divided by its length).
It is just a nominal value.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 17
18. adjusted linear weight of the drill
pipe
a typical 5in DP with 19.5 lb/ft has an internal
diameter of 4.276in.
The density of steel is 489.5 lb/ft3.
Therefore, one foot of pipe body weights
Considering a 30 ft long DP (Range II), the tool
joints (pin and box) comprise about 2 1/2 ft of its
length.
Outside and inside diameters of the tool joints are 6in
and 3 1/2 in respectively.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 18
19. adjusted linear weight of the drill
pipe (Cont.)
Therefore, the linear weight of the tool joint is
The weight of the drill pipe (body plus TJ) is
Consequently,
the adjusted linear weight of the drill pipe is
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 19
20. DP Classification according to wearing
Drill pipes are subjected to wear during operation.
In particular,
reduction of tool joints OD and wall thickness
reduce tensile and torsion capacity of the element.
Used drill pipes are classified as
Premium or Class I
if the minimum wall thickness is at least 80%
of the wall thickness of a new pipe, and
A new pipe that for the first time is connected to a drillstring is
immediately re–classified to premium DP.
Class II when at least 70%.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 20
21. New Drill Pipe Dimensional Data
The table
presents
dimensional
data for new
drill pipes.
Drill Pipe
Dimensions
(as in API
RP7C)
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 21
22.
23.
24. drill pipe elevator
Drill pipes are handled during tripping using a drill
pipe elevator.
(The swivel and kelly are set aside in the rat hole.)
It is connected by two links to the hook body.
A hinge and latch allows opening and closing the
bi–parted collar around the drill pipe.
The elevator is operated
by the roughnecks at the rotary table level, and
by the derrick man at the monkey board.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 24
25. A DP elevator and the links to the
hook body
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 25
26. Drill pipes
Drill pipes extend
across almost the whole length of the drillstring and,
although relatively light, they contribute with a significant
part of the drillstring weight (50% or more).
However, drill pipes are, in general,
used only under tension.
They should not be subjected to compression
due to its low resistance to buckling.
Therefore, they cannot be used to apply weight on the bit.
• In horizontal wells, drill pipes can be put under compression
if located in a suitably curved section of the hole; in addition,
compression service drill pipes
(CSDP, S-135 grade DP with 2 or 3 wear knots) are specially designed
to work under compression to drill short radius horizontal wells.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 26
27.
28. Drill collars role and specifications
Since drill pipes
cannot be used to apply weight on bit,
this role is played be the drill collars
(and also by heavy weight drill pipes as shown next).
Drill collars (DC)
are thick walled steel pipes
located normally right above the bit, and
purpose is to provide weight (axial force) to the bit.
are manufactured with carbon steel (AISI 4115), or
some non-magnetic alloy (stainless steel, monel metal).
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 28
29. A spiraled and a slick drill collars
The outside of drill collars may
be slick (small diameters) or
spiral grooved (any size.).
The purpose of the groves is to
reduce or avoid the risk of
differential sticking opposite to
permeable formations.
The depth of the grooves is made
larger than the average thickness
of a flocculated mud.
Average length of drill collars is
34 ft, but re–threading normally
makes them shorter.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 29
30. Drill collars elevators
The elevators for drill collars are very similar to the
elevators for drill pipes.
They differ in the shape of the internal hole that clamps
on the pipe.
Most drill collars are recessed so as to be handled with
the elevator.
If the drill collar is not recessed (sometimes even if it is!),
a special sub called lift sub is used.
Lift subs have the shape of the upper end of a drill pipe, and
connects to the top of sections of drill collars during trips.
• Then the drill pipe elevator can be used to lift or lower the
drillstring.
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 30
31. heavy wall drill pipes (HWDP)
In addition to drill pipes and drill collars, there are
special pipes called heavy wall drill pipes (HWDP).
They are intermediary pipes between drill pipes and drill
collars,
being strong enough to be put under compression
(they contribute to the available weight
to apply to the bit), and
they are flexible enough to be used in directional drilling (less
torque and drag than drill collars.)
The use of HWDP also
allow a gradual transition
between the flexible drill pipes and the stiff drill collars
(less stress concentration, and
therefore, less mechanical fatigue on the threads.)
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 31
32. Heavy wall drill pipes
HWDPs look very similar to regular drill pipes,
being of the same length of Range II DP (27 to 30 ft),
but with longer tool joints (to permit re–threading).
HWDPs have a central external upset.
it provides an additional third point of contact,
increasing the overall stiffness and protecting the pipe
sections from excessive wearing in high inclination wells
(normally the tool joints and central upset have a band
of hard material to prevent/reduce wear).
Spring14 H. AlamiNia Drilling Engineering 1 Course (2nd Ed.) 32
33. 1. Jorge H.B. Sampaio Jr. “Drilling Engineering
Fundamentals.” Master of Petroleum
Engineering. Curtin University of Technology,
2007. Chapter 3
34. 1. Drillstring Equipment
A. Special Tools
2. Connections; Make–up and Break–out
3. Other Drillstring Equipment