This document provides an overview of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), including its production, physical properties, applications, and disadvantages. PVC is the third most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene. It exists in both rigid and flexible forms. PVC is produced through the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, which is derived from petrochemical sources like ethylene. It has properties like fire retardancy, durability, and chemical resistance but also has disadvantages like difficulty recycling and sensitivity to heat and UV light.

1. Prepared by :
Muhammed Faiq
Muhammed Lateef
Abdulqadr Pshtiwan
3rd stage
Supervised by : M. Bushra Mahmoodi
Soran University
Faculty Of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department

2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Production
• Physical Properties
• Application
• Disadvantage
• How is PVC made?
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
• Also known as poly vinyl or vinyl, commonly abbreviated PVC, is the world's third-
most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer,
after polyethylene and polypropylene.
• PVC comes in two basic forms:
__ rigid and flexible .

4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Fire retarding properties
• Durability
• Chemical resistance
• Mechanical stability
• Processability and mouldability

5. PRODUCTION
• Polyvinyl chloride is produced by polymerization of the vinyl
chloride monomer (VCM).
PVC is a petrochemical product : Although PVC can be produced from a range
of hydrocarbons including coal, and derivatives of plants such as sugar cane, the bulk
of world production is currently manufactured using the chemical compound ethylene.
Ethylene (or ethane) which has the chemical formula C2H4, is a product of the oil &
gas industry.

6. POLYMERIZATION
PROCESS

7. APPLICATIONS

9. DISADVANTAGES
• Recycling difficulty
• it is not recommended for use above 70 degrees Celsius.
• Sensitive to UV and oxidative degradation.
• Thermal decomposition evolves HCl.
• It is less flame resistance.
• PVC contains the volatile compound which are harmful to the environmental.
• They do not have the same strength as cast-iron or galvanized irons pipes.

10. HOW IS PVC MADE?
• The chemical process for making PVC involves taking the simplest unit, called the
monomer, and linking these monomer molecules together in the polymerisation
process.
• Long molecular chains are formed called polymers (which are also called
macromolecules).

11. HOW PVC MADE?

12. REFERENCES
• http://www.pvc.org/en/p/how-is-pvc-made
• http://www.greener-industry.org.uk/pages/pvc/2_pvc_uses.htm

13. ANY QUESTION!!!
FELL FREE TO ASK