This document discusses different types of communication such as blogging, informative communication, persuasive communication, and argumentative communication. It provides details on each type: blogging involves personal websites where users can post entries with images, videos and links. Informative communication aims to expand awareness and competence. Persuasive communication advocates a point of view and uses supporting material to justify advice in order to create change. Argumentative communication relies on logical proofs including ethos (appealing to credibility), pathos (appealing to emotion), logos (appealing to reason), and mythos (appealing to traditions). The document also discusses how to avoid defective arguments by not using flawed evidence, tests or proofs. Human: Thank you for

1. PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION

2. BLOGGING
 A shortened form of
weblog.
 personal journal
websites on which a
user can type an
entry and add
images, videos and
links to other
websites https://www.psimonmyway.com/
https://www.heleninwonderlust.co.u

3. EFFECTIVE WAYS
OF INTRODUCING
A BLOG
1.Be short and direct.
2.Ask a thought-provoking
question.
3.Ask a multiple-choice question.
4.Share a shocking fact or
statistics.
5.Share something personal.
6.Withhold a compelling piece of
information.
7.Refute conventional wisdom.
8.Start with a reader’s question.
9. Share a quote.
3

4. COMMUNICATION
FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES

5. INFORMATIVE, PERSUASIVE AND
ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION involves giving than
asking.
Arises out of three deep impulses (OSBORN 2009):
1. We seek to expand our awareness of the world around us.
2. We seek to become more competent.
3. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and
how they are made.

6. INFORMATIVE, PERSUASIVE AND
ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION is an art of
gaining fair and favorable considerations for our
point of view. It…
1. provides a choice among options
2. advocates something through a speaker
3. uses supporting material to justify advice
4. turns the audience into agents of change

7. INFORMATIVE, PERSUASIVE AND
ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION is an art of
gaining fair and favorable considerations for our
point of view. It…
5. asks for strong audience commitment
6. gives importance to the speaker’s credibility
7. appeals to feelings
8. has higher ethical obligation.

8. • ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION relies heavily on
sound proof and reasoning.
PRIMARY FORMS OF PROOF (ARISTOTLE):
1. Logos
2. Ethos
3. Pathos
4. Mythos (CONFIRMED BY MANY SCHOLARS)
INFORMATIVE, PERSUASIVE AND
ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

9. 1. ETHOS – appeal to ethics
Ex:
He is a forensics and ballistics expert for the federal
government — if anyone's qualified to determine the
murder weapon, it's him.
As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of
treatment will likely generate the best results.
My three decades of experience in public service, my
tireless commitment to the people of this community,
and my willingness to reach across the aisle and
PRIMARY FORMS OF PROOF

10. 2. PATHOS – an appeal to emotion
Ex:
 You'll make the right decision because you have
something that not many people do: You have heart.
 After years of this type of disrespect from your
boss, countless hours wasted, birthdays missed … it's
time that you took a stand.
 Better men than us have fought and died to preserve
this great nation. Now is our turn to return the favor.
PRIMARY FORMS OF PROOF

11. 3. Logos – an appeal to logic and reason
Ex.
The data is perfectly clear: This investment has
consistently turned a profit year-over-year, even in spite
of market declines in other areas.
Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: We have not only
the fingerprints, the lack of an alibi, a clear motive,
and an expressed desire to commit the robbery, but we
also have video of the suspect breaking in. The case
could not be more open and shut.
Veterinarians say that German shepherds are the
PRIMARY FORMS OF PROOF

12. 4. Mythos – an appeal to the traditions and values of our
culture and to the legends and folktales that embody them.
PRIMARY FORMS OF PROOF

13. HOW TO AVOID DEFECTIVE
ARGUMENTATION (LUCAS 2007)?
presentation title
13
1.Defective Evidence
o Misuse of facts
o Statistical fallacies
o Defective testimony
o Inappropriate evidence
o Evidential Fallacies
• Slippery slope
• Confusing facts with
opinion
• Red herring
• Myth of the mean
o Flawed proofs
o Defective arguments

14. PUBLIC SPEAKING

15. PUBLIC SPEAKING is a process of speaking in a structured,
deliberate manner to inform, influence or entertain an
audience.
SPEECH is the term used to refer to the body of spoken
expressions of information and ideas.
MODES OF DELIVERY:
1. Reading from a Manuscript
2. Memorized
3. Extemporaneous Speaking
4. Impromptu

16. THANK YOU!