This document discusses kinship, marriage, and family structures in human societies. It defines kinship as social relationships, describing three main types: kinship by blood, marriage, and ritual. Kinship by blood includes unilineal, ambilineal, and bilateral descent systems. Kinship by marriage discusses types of marriages like monogamy, polygyny, polyandry, and rules of partner selection like endogamy and exogamy. Kinship by ritual establishes relationships through rituals. The document also defines family types such as nuclear, extended, reconstituted, single-parent families and residence patterns like patrilocal, matrilocal, and bilocal.

1. MODULE 2:
CULTURAL,
SOCIALAND
POLITICAL
INSTITUTION
S
LESSON 1: KINSHIP,
MARRIAGE ANDTHE
HOUSEHOLD

2.  KINSHIP- is the web of social relationship that form an important
part of the lives of the most humans in most societies. It can rfers
to the study of the patterns of social relationshipsin one or more
human cultures.
3 types of kinship:
1. Kinship by blood
2. Kinship by marriage
3. Kinship by ritual

3. KINSHIP BY
BLOOD
3 main types of affiliation by kin:
1. Unilineal descent- describes that a person is affiliated with a group of kin
through descent links of one sex only. It is either patrilineal or matrilineal:
a. Patrilineal descent- affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to
him or her through men only.
b. Matrilineal descent- affiliates an individual with kin of both sexes related to
him or her women only.
4 groups which refer themselves as belonging to a particular unilineal
group:
a. lineages
b. clans
c. phratries
d. moieties
2.Ambilineal descent- is a system containing both unilineal descent groups
example both patrilineal and matrilineal groups in which one belongs to one’s
father’s and or mother’s descent group.
3. Bilateral descent- means two sides which refers to the fact that one’s relatives
on both mother’s and father sides are equal in importance.

4. KINSHIP BY
MARRIAGE
MARRIAGE- is a socially approved sexual and economic inion, usually between a man
and a woman.
2 types of marriage:
1. monogamy- is a form of marriage in which one man marries one woman.
2 types of monogamy:
a. Serial monogamy
b. Non-serial monogamy
2. polygamy- it involves plural marriage.
3 types of polygamy:
a. Polygyny
b. Polyandry
c. Cenogany/ group marriage
POLYGYNY is a form of marriage in which one man marries more than one woman at
a given time.
POLYANDRY- is a marriage of one woman with more than one man.
CENOGAMY- it means the marriage of two or more women with two or more men.

5.  2 types of polygyny:
1. Sororal polygyny- is a type of marriage in which the wives are
invariably the sisters.
2. Nonsororal polygyny- it is a type of marriage in which the wives
are not related as sisters.
2 types of polyandry:
1. Fraternal polyandry- when several brothers share the same
wife, the practice can be called alelphic or fraternal polyandry.
2. Nonfraternal polyandry- the husband need not have any close
relationship prior to the marriage.

6. Selecting a
MARRIAGE
partner
2 main rules that condition marital choice:
a. endogamy- is a rule of marriage in which the life partners are to
be selected within the group.
b. Exogamy- is a rule of marriage in which an individual has to
marry outside his own group.

7. KINSHIP BY
RITUAL
Ritual kinship- is aa privileged social relationship established by
ritual such as that of godparents or fraternal orders.
Compadrazgo- refers to the institutional relationship between
compadres.
Compadres- are relationship between the parents and godparents
of a child is an important bond that originates when a child is
baptized .

8. FAAMILYAND
THE
HOUSEHOLD
TYPES OF FAMILY:
1. Nuclear family- is a family unit that consist of a single couple or
monogamous family, that is the husband, wife and their
children.
2. Extended family- a family unit that consist of the husband and
wife with their children and their relatives like in- laws(
grandparents,incle/ aunty, cousins, niece and nephews.
3. Reconstituted family- a family unit that consist of one or both
parents who have a children from a previous relationship or past
marriage but they have combined to form a new family often
after a death of a previous spouse or marital separation,
annulment or divorce.
4. Single parent family- a family unit which is headed by one
parent either father or mother only) raising a child or children.

9.  Types of family by residence:
1. Patrilocal residence- the son stays and the daughter leaves so
that the married couple lives with or near the husband’s
parents.
2. Matrilocal residence- the daughter stays and the son leaves so
that the married couple lives with or near the wife’s parents.
3. Bilocal residence- either the son or the daughter leaves so that
the married couple lives or near either the wife’s or the
husbands parents.