The document discusses the key components of communication and public speaking. It covers the 7 components of communication, 5 canons of rhetoric, reasons for public speaking including civic engagement and life skills, the power of language, modes of delivery for speeches, strategies for impromptu speaking, the three cornerstones of public speaking according to Aristotle (ethos, pathos, logos), analyzing the audience, avoiding plagiarism, types of arguments and supporting materials, common fallacies to avoid, and outlining techniques for persuasive speeches.

1. 7 components of communication
7 components of the communication process:
1. Source [S]
2. Receiver [R]
3. Message [M]
4. Channel
5. Feedback
6. Situation
7. Noise

2. 5 canons
Five canons of rhetoric:
1.Invention
2.Organization
3.Style
4.Understanding
5.Delivery
Which one you worked on the most? How?

3. Why???? Public Speaking
• Democracy/freedom of speech/civic engagement
School/Local leadership
• Life skills/critical thinking/problem solving/decision
making/conflict/team work/media/
college presentation/critical listening
• Work/job search/employment ladder &
communication skills

4. language
• Powerful
• Can harm
• Can fight
• Can heal
• Making friends and enemies
• mediate
• Organize/classify
• Shape thoughts

5. language
• Descriptive
Attempts to observe no judge
• Evaluative
Full of judgments about goodness or badness of
a person/situation

6. Modes of delivery
1. Extemporaneous Mode:
keyword outline or brief notes (a speech in class)
2. Memorized Mode:
committed to memory (a political speech)
3. Manuscript Mode:
complete presentation is written out
no memorization(a wedding toast, introductions)
4. Impromptu Mode:
presenting without advance preparation
(at a business meeting)

7. Impromptu speech
A speech that does not allow substantial
planning and practice
Strategies?
– Limit your message to 1 or 2 specific things
– Connect quickly/effectively/grab attention
– Humor/use “we”/be stylish

8. Ethos-pathos-logos
3 cornerstones of public speaking/ Aristotle
•Ethos=source credibility
•Pathos=emotional argument
•Logos=logical argument

9. Source credibility=Ethos
• The audience’s perception of your
effectiveness as a communicator
What do you know?
How effectively you communicate your
ideas to the audience?
• It is NOT based on your presentation/delivery
skills

10. Trustworthiness
• Part of the source credibility
• It is the degree to which the audience
perceives you as an honest and honorable
speaker.
• If you present made up facts now, you will not
be trusted later.

11. listening
• Hearing is receiving sounds
• Listening is interpreting the message
• Active listening
• Avoid distraction
• Thoughtfulness

12. Anxiety?
• Act confidently/have fun/own the room
• Know your subject
• Care about your subject
• See your audience as your friends
• See yourself as a successful speaker
• Clear your intro-body-conclusion and 3 points
in your head
• PRACTICE for confidence

13. Purpose
General purpose: to teach, change, celebrate
(one of these)
Specific Purpose Statement for info speech:
My audience will understand/learn the steps
for taking care a dog (specify what you teach).
You never actually state your specific purpose
statement, it is for you to guide your speech.

14. Audience analysis
–discovering as much as possible about
an audience for the purpose of
improving communication with them
–Occurs before, during, after a
presentation

15. Analyzing demographic characteristics is part of
the audience analysis!
1. Gender: Avoid “genderism” but consider gender
Some men/women might feel victimized
(Give an example)
2. Age: They live, communicate, are informed
differently
3. Ethnicity: language, culture, history, nation-state; do
not discriminate
Co-cultures: similar to the majority culture but different
behavior, background, beliefs.

16. demographic characteristics
4. Economic status: wealthier are more
conservative
5. Occupation: translate jargons into language
comestible with other cultures as well
6. Education: not equated with level of
intelligence
7. World view: transcend differences rooted in
various life experiences. What does it mean?
8. Physical characteristics: ability/disability

17. Don’t plagiarize
• The intentional use of info from a source
without crediting that source
Separate your ideas from others’ ideas
Don’t mix the source with your words
Use correct citation
Check on internet for plagiarism such as
dustball.com

18. Toulmin model of argument
Claim
An assertion that is open to question, or the
proposition based on reasoning.
Data
Evidence or proof you provide to support your
claim.
Warrant
The link between the data and your claim
•Good speeches have multiple warrants supporting the
same claim

19. Supporting materials
Ethical obligation
•To find the best source/info
•Cite your source/info
•Fairly and accurately present the source

20. Criteria for sources
• Clear
• Verifiable/is it verifiable if personal interview?
• Competent/does the source have expertise?
• Objective/avoid biases
• Relevant/address the key points
How about web sources?

21. Six common fallacies
1. Name calling: unfairly labeling people
2. Glittering Generality:
(accept an idea without examining the
evidence because it looks so good. Example:
Bringing democracy to the Arab world.)
3. Bandwagon technique:
(the argument: “do because everybody is
doing it”)

22. Six common fallacies
4. Circular reasoning
Uses unproven positions to prove each other
(He is unhappy because he drinks. He drinks because he is
unhappy.)
5. Either/Or
everything is binary (two opposite points), nothing is neutral
or has multiple positions. (Example: You are either with me or
against me.)
6. Post Hoc ( ergo propter hoc)Fallacy
“after this; therefore, because of this.”
(I saw a black cat before the test. I failed the test after this.
Because I saw a black cat, I failed the test.)

23. Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern
1. Establish a problem
2. explain the causes
3. offer a solution

24. Cause-effect pattern
1. Dog owners did not clean up after their dogs.
2. Dog owners let their dogs barking.
3. As a result, dog owners are not popular in
Athens, Ohio. (Make sure you do not switch to
persuasion!)

25. Logical Reasons Pattern
1. Present the reasons for the problem
Because of …
2. Therefore … (build your argument)
3. End with most important reason.
Don’t switch to Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern. Logical
reasoning does not offer solution

26. Criteria-Satisfaction Pattern
1. criteria and
2. show how your proposal will meet those
criteria

27. full sentence outline
• Be able to construct a full sentence outline for
a persuasive speech (correctly labeling all
parts), including a correct introduction,
transitions, main points, sub points, and a
complete conclusion.
• See your You Speak book

28. full sentence outline
Construct a full sentence outline for a persuasive
speech correctly labeling all parts
• Introduction
• Transition
• Main points
• Sub points
• Conclusion
You are not expected to provide sources
Example YSp. p.87.

29. What holds the presentation
together?
• Transitions
• Statements/words that bridge previous parts
to the next part
• Transitions can be signposts, internal
previews, internal reviews

30. Parts of a Persuasive Speech outline
Introduction
I. Attention Getter
II. Audience Relevance Link
III.Credibility
IV.Proposition
V.Preview of main points
Transition

31. Parts of a Persuasive Speech outline
BODY
First main point I.---------------------------.
First sub-point A.--------------.
first sub-subpoint 1.----------
second subsubpoint 2.----------
Second sub-point B.-------------------------
first sub-subpoint 1.-----------
second sub-subpoint 2.----------
Transition
Second main point II.------------------------------
First sub-point A.--------------
first sub-subpoint 1.----------
second sub-subpoint 2.----------
Second sub-point B.-------------------------
first sub-subpoint 1.-----------
second sub-subpoint 2.-----------
Transition
Third main point III. ------------------------------
First sub-point A.--------------.
first sub-subpoint 1.----------
second sub-subpoint 2.----------
Second sub-point B.-------------------------
first sub-subpoint 1.-----------
second sub-subpoint 2.-----------
Transition

32. Parts of a Persuasive Speech outline
Conclusion
I. Review Main Points
II.Restate Proposition
III.Decisive Closing

33. Watch TED talk for the final quiz
Remember the major arguments
• http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are

34. Have a great final exam quiz!
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