The document discusses various types of communication used in different contexts. It defines critical reading as going beyond basic understanding to carefully evaluate, consider strengths and weaknesses, and examine how a text fits into the broader academic context. Critical readers make judgments based on evidence, are open-minded yet intellectually autonomous. The document also discusses listening, communication aids and strategies using technology, communication for various purposes like informing, persuading and arguing, and communication in the workplace through verbal, written, visual and non-verbal means like emails, letters, memos, reports and meetings.

1. PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
JUBYLYN LL. AFICIAL

2. CHAPTER 4
CRITICAL READING AND LISTENING

3. What is Reading?
Reading is the motivated and
fluent coordination of word
recognition and comprehension.

4. What is Critical Reading?
•Critical reading is a process of reading that goes
beyond just understanding a text. It involves the
following:
•Carefully considering and evaluating the reading
material.
•Identifying the reading’s strengths and implications.
•Identifying the reading’s weaknesses and flaws.
•Looking at the big picture and deciding how the
reading fits into the greater academic context

5. What to consider when examining reading
arguments?
• The reading background
• Its purpose and overall conclusion (claim).
• The evidences used in the reading
• The logical connections between the claim and evidence
• The reading balance
• Its limitations
• How its relates to others sources and research.
• How this research conducted.

6. What is the difference between reading and
critical reading?

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF CRITICAL READERS
• They are honest
• They defy exploitation
• They defeat perplexity
• They ask question
• They make judgments based on evidence
• They are open minded to conflicting views/ opinions
• They are open to changes
• They are intellectually autonomous

8. GOALS OF CRITICAL READING
•Recognize the author’s purpose
•Understand the tone and persuasive
element of the argument
•Recognize bias

9. CRITICAL READING STRATEGIES
•Preview
•Reread
•Annotate
•Contextualize
•Question
•Reflect
•Outline and summarize
•Evaluate

10. WHAT IS LISTENING?
•Listening is the process of accepting,
creating meaning from and reacting verbal
and / or non-verbal messages to perceived
or hear something with thoughtful interest
or intention.

11. Types of Listening
•Discriminative Listening
•is most basic form of listening and does not
involve the understanding of the meaning of
words or phrases but merely the different
sounds that are produced.

12. Types of Listening
•Comprehensive Listening
•Involves understanding the messages or
messages that are being communicated.

13. Specific Types of Listening
•Critical Listening
•Critical listening means engaging in what you
are listening to.
•The goal is to evaluate, scrutinize what is being
said.

14. Specific Types of Listening
•Informational Listening
•When we are listening to learn or be
instructed.
•We are not criticizing or analyzing

15. Specific Types of Listening
•Therapeutic Listening or Emphatic Listening
•It involves attempting to understand the
feeling and emotion of the speaker.
•Empathy is way of deeply connecting with
another person.

16. CHAPTER 5
COMMUNICATION AIDS AND STRATEGIES
IN USING THE TOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY

17. WHAT IS A COMMUNICATION AID?
•A communication aid helps an
individual to communicate more
effectively with people around them.

18. WHAT ARE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES?
•Communication is the exchange of information
between a sender and a receiver. It used to be
that you only had to worry about the way you
communicated face-to-face or on paper.
Technology has changed this completely.

19. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
•Communication strategies can
be verbal, nonverbal, or visual.

20. Using Tools of Technology
•Multimedia is content that uses a combination
of different content forms such as text, audio,
images, animations, video and interactive
content. Multimedia contrasts with media that
use only rudimentary computer displays such as
text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-
produced material.

21. WHAT DOES CREATING MULTIMODAL TEXT
MEAN?
•MULTIMODAL – the strategic use of two or
more communication modes ‘ to make
meaning.
•Creating multimodal texts is now widely
practiced in the workplace, in the
classrooms and other ventures.

22. WHAT IS A MULTIMODAL TEXT?
• Multimodal text can be paper – such as books, comic,
posters.
• Multimodal text can be digital – from slide presentation,
e-books, blogs, e-posters, web pages and social media,
through animation, film and video games.
• Multimodal text can be live – a performance or an event.
• Multimodal text can be transmedia – where a story is told
using multiple, delivery channels through the
combination of media platforms, for example book,
comic, magazine, films web series and video game.

23. •Print based multimodal texts include
comics, picture storybooks, graphic novels
and poster, newspaper and brochures.
•Digital multimodal texts include slide
presentations, animation, book trailers,
digital storytelling, live action filmmaking,
music videos, born digital storytelling and
various web text and social media.

24. •Traditional multimodal texts (Traditional
Literacies) include feature films, documentaries,
picture books, magazines, print advertisements,
TV advertisement, TV shows
•New multimodal texts (New Literacies) include
digital storytelling short films, interactive digital
non-fiction, interactive digital fiction, animated
digital picture books, web pages , web
advertising (including viral advertising) web
shows, mash up texts.

25. WHAT IS IMPORTANCE OF MULTIMODAL
LITERACY TO COMMUNICATION?
•It facilitate the learning process and make
students be creative, active and
autonomous while they learn.

26. CHAPTER 6
COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES

27. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO
PURPOSES
•INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION – it
attempt to present an objective that is
truthful and unbiased – view of the topics
being considered.

29. •PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION –
communication that convinces others to
think or act as the person doing the
communicating wishes.

30. TYPES OF PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
•Face to face communication – the person uses
verbal skills to persuade people to his way of
thinking.
•Nonverbal communication – this goes beyond
body language and it includes a person’s
appearance.

31. TYPES OF PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
•Formal Persuasive communication – it is where
the person in charge leads the group with a level
of authority and present practicable concepts.
•Informal Persuasive communication – this is
done in manner of asking the right questions,
deliberating possibilities and giving particular
concepts professionally.

32. THREE WAYS TO MOTIVATE PEOPLE
•POWER
•PATRONAGE
•PERSUASION

33. ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION – it is
the art of persuading based on reason, on
facts and not emotion.
This involves:
-Debating
-Making arguments
-Audience

34. STRUCTURE OF ARGUMENTATION
•CLAIM
•GROUND
•WARRANT
•BACKING
•QUALIFIER
•REBUTTAL

35. PUBLIC SPEAKING – and act where one
stands in front of a group of people, usually a
large audience and tell them something.

36. FOUR TYPES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
CEREMONIAL SPEAKING – done to mark special occasions
like weddings, grand birthday celebrations, funeral holiday
parties.
DEMONSTRATIVE SPEAKING – done to explain a process.
INFORMATIVE SPEAKING – speaker is trying to explain a
concept to the audience.
PESUASIVE SPEAKING – the speaker is required to practice
voice intonations and distinctions of language that will
convince the audience of a certain viewpoint.

37. FOUR TYPES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
•Impromptu
•Extemporaneous
•Manuscript
•memorized

38. CHAPTER 7
COMMUNICATION FOR WORK
PURPOSES

39. What is Communication in the Workplace?
•Good Communication is an important
factor in client relationships, profitability,
team effectiveness and employee
engagement. An important element to
business success.

40. Four Types of Communication in the
Workplace
•Visual Communication
•The most common to incorporate visual
communication in order to share ideas that
relate to the business, provide information to
those that work in the work in the company
and to outline specific points.

41. Four Types of Communication in the
Workplace
•Verbal Communication
•It is a core component when it comes to
the overall success of business.

42. Four Types of Communication in the
Workplace
•Non-Verbal Communication

43. Four Types of Communication in the
Workplace
•Written Communication
•this form of communication involves either
writing or typing out information, facts,
figures, and other types of necessary
information in order to express those ideas
among those in a business

44. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Email
•is one of the fastest ways to send information
to another person and is the most popular.

45. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Letter
•Came in second as the most common written
communication.

46. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Memo
•a short note designating something to be
remembered, specially something to be done
or acted upon in the future; reminder

47. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Request Letter
•is a letter which is written when you need
certain information, permission, favour,
service, or any other matter which requires a
polite and humble request.

48. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Meeting Minutes
•are written or recorded documentation that is
used to inform attendees and non-attendees
about what was discussed and what happened
during a meeting.

49. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Business Report
•is a type assignment in which you analyze
situation (real situation or case study) and
apply theories to produce a range of
suggestions for improvement.

50. The Parts of the Business report are:
•Title Page – contains the full title of the report
name of the author or compiler, name of the
intended audience and date submission.
•Abstract or execution summary – highlights
the purpose, methods, scope, findings,
conclusions and recommendations of the
report in 200 – 250 words.
•Table of Contents – identifies the sections of
report

51. List of Tables, Figures, Symbols or
Abbreviation
•Introduction – presents the purpose
and scope of the report
•Body – covers the central content of
the report

52. •Conclusion and Recommendation –
presents concluding ideas and
arguments as well as the suggested
course of action.
•Endnotes or Explanatory Notes
•Bibliography, References or Works
•Appendix and Glossary

53. Types of Written Communication Within the
Workplace
•Technical Report
•is a document written by a researcher
detailing the result of a project.

54. Characteristics of a Technical Report
•Technical reports may published before the
corresponding journal literature.
•The content may be more detailed than the
corresponding journal literature, although there
may be less background information since the
sponsor already knows it.

55. Characteristics of a Technical Report
•Technical reports are usually not peer reviewed
unless the report is separately published as
journal literature.
•Classified and export controlled reports have
restricted access.
•Obscure acronyms and codes are frequently
used.

56. Parts of a Technical Report
•Cover Page
•Title Page
•Abstract
•Certification Page
•Acknowledgement
•Dedication
•Table of Contents
•List of Abbreviations (if
used)
•List of Tables
•List of Illustrations
•Specifications

57. Body of the Report
•Introduction
•Literature Review
•Design Analysis and Methodology
•Construction and Results Testing
•Conclusion
•List of References
•Appendices

58. CHAPTER 8
COMMUNICATION FOR
ACADEMIC PURPOSES

59. What is Academic Communication?
•Academic communication, also called scholarly
communication, refers to methods of
communication that are highly structured and
generally only used in pedagogical settings.
•Independent Research is designed as original
research and practice in presenting the results of an
investigation and culminate in the student –
researcher’s own contribution to a discipline
whether in a form of fully supported conclusions or
in the form of creative effort.

60. •The goal of an independent research is to
answer a question not simply to gather
information.
•Topic Proposal – is basically a shot “sales
pitch” to submit the subject matter to the
and persuade him/her to accept it as
applicable and worthy of both time and
effort.

61. Stages of a Typical Process
•Selecting the research area
•Formulating research aim, objectives
and research questions or developing
hypotheses.
•Conducting the literature review

62. Stages of a Typical Process
•Selecting methods of data collection
•Data Gathering
•Data Mining
•Interviewing
•Surveying
•Data Analysis
•Reaching Conclusions
•Completing the Research

63. How to write a political analysis paper – 8
useful tips
•Definition – a political analysis paper aims
at answering a given question concerning
a certain political process, event, as well
as at predicting future developments.

64. How to write a political analysis paper – 8
useful tips
•Method – do not forget that
•Topic and research question – avoid too
abstract titles
•Preliminary Research – narrow down your
research.
•Substantial Research – find important ideas in
order to formulate your theoretical framework

65. How to write a political analysis paper – 8
useful tips
•Thesis – it is the central idea which elucidates
the given process or event.
•Impartiality – always ask information you have
gained is reliable and objective.
•Quotations and references – do not quote too
much and too often.

66. •Literary Analysis – develops an opinion or point of
view about an idea that is contained in another
literary work like the theme, characters, plot,
symbolism, point of view, foreshadowing, etc.
•Identify the author’s purpose.
•Thinks of characters, tone, setting, rhythm, plot,
imagery, etc as devices or tools that helps ensure
that the reader ‘gets” the meaning that the
writer intended him or her to learn.
•Ask yourself, why did the author choose to use
these device, in these particular ways?

67. Literary Analysis Essay
•Allegory – narrative form in which the characters
are representative of some larger humanistic
trait (i.e. greed, vanity, or bravery) and attempt
to convey some larger lesson or meaning of life.
•Imagery – the author’s attempt to create mental
picture in the mind of the reader.

68. Literary Analysis Essay
•Character – representation of a person, place or
a thing performing traditionally human activities
or functions in a work of fiction.
•Protagonist
•Antagonist
•Minor Character
•Static Character
•Dynamic Character
•Characterization

69. Literary Analysis Essay
• Plot – the arrangement of ideas or incident that make up the story.
• Foreshadowing – when the writer clues the reader in to something that
will eventually occur in the story.
• Suspense – the tension that the author uses to create a feeling of
discomfort about the unknown.
• Conflict – struggle between opposing forces.
• Exposition – background information regarding the setting, characters,
plot.
• Rising action – the process the story follows as it builds to its main
conflict.
• Crisis – a significant turning point in the story that determines how it
must end.
• Resolution / Denouement – the way the story turn out

70. Literary Analysis Essay
• Point of View – pertains to who tells the story and how it is told.
The view of a story can sometimes indirectly established the
author’s intentions.
• Narrator – the person telling the story who may or may not be
part of the story.
• First person - narrator participates in action but sometimes has
limited knowledge / vision.
• Second person – narrator addresses the reader directly as
though she is part of the story.
• Third person (Objective) – Narrator is unnamed / unidentified
• Omniscient – all – knowing narrator (multiple perspectives)

71. Writing a Literary Essay
•The purpose of literary analysis essay is to
careful examine and sometimes evaluate as
work of literature or an aspect of a work of
literature. Your objective in writing a literary
analysis essay is to convince the person
reading your essay that you have supported
the idea you are developing.

72. The Elements of a Solid Essay
• The Thesis Statement tells you reader what to expect.
• The Introduction to your literary analysis essay should
try to capture your readers’ interest.
• The Body of the Essay and the Importance of Topic
Sentences contain an explanation of your statement.
•Purposes of the topic sentence
•To relate the details of the paragraph to your
thesis statement.
•To tie the detail of the paragraph together.

73. The Elements of a Solid Essay
•The Conclusion is a paragraph that gives your
essay a sense of completeness and lets your
readers know that they have come to the end of
your paper.
•The Title of you Essay it is essential that you give
your essay a title that is descriptive of the
approach you are taking in your paper.
•Audience