This document provides a review of propulsion systems for hypersonic spacecraft. It discusses the history of hypersonic vehicle development from early concepts in the 1930s to current programs. Various propulsion technologies are described, including nuclear thermal rockets, air-breathing engines like scramjets, and combinations of ducted jet and rocket engines. Challenges in developing efficient hypersonic propulsion systems are also reviewed.
: The main objective of this paper is the systematic description of the current research and
development of small or miniature unmanned aerial vehicles and micro aerial vehicles, with a focus on
rotary wing vehicles. In recent times, unmanned/Micro aerial vehicles have been operated across the
world; they have also been the subject of considerable research. In particular, UAVs/MAVs with rotary
wings have been expected to perform various tasks such as monitoring at fixed points and surveillance
from the sky since they can perform not only perform static flights by hovering but also achieve vertical
takeoffs and landing. Helicopters have been used for personnel transport, carrying goods, spreading
information, and performing monitoring duties for long periods. A manned helicopter has to be used for
all these duties. On the other hand, unmanned helicopters that can be operated by radio control have
been developed as a hobby. Since unmanned helicopters are often superior to manned helicopters in
terms of cost and safety, in recent years, accomplishing tasks using unmanned helicopters has become
popular. Considerable expertise is required to operate unmanned helicopters by radio control, and
hence, vast labor resources are employed to train operators. Moreover, it is impossible to operate
unmanned helicopters outside visual areas because of lack of radio control, and the working area is
hence limited remarkably. For solving the above problems, it is necessary to realize autonomous
control of unmanned helicopters. However, no general method for designing the small unmanned
helicopters has been developed yet – today, various design techniques by different study groups using
different helicopters exist. In this paper the conceptual design process is explained.
A design study for an Autogiro UAV to Mars which combines both the forward flight and rotor dynamics into one singular design. The study involves design calculations and suggests a possible design in comparison to NASA's ARES Mission
We are living in a vast universe that contains tremendous unknown knowledge. Human space exploration helps to address the fundamental questions about our place in the universe. In this the development of spacecrafts is remarkable. SKYLON is space plane that can be a replacement for the current scenario of space travel by its reliability, ease of operation and economic friendly nature. It’s a single stage to orbit hypersonic space plane. That uses horizontal take off and landing like a conventional aircraft. It could reach up to the low earth orbit (LEO) with a payload of about 15 tons. This system use combined cycle engine commonly known as synergistic air breathing rocket engine (SABRE).That works both in air breathing and pure rocket mode. This permits the vehicle to cruise at hypersonic speed (around Mach 5.5) within earth atmosphere. SKYLON is the future of aviation and space industry, which may ease many missions from earth surface to space. Further modification in the engine may lead not only to the orbit but also far away from that .its low fuel consumption lower weight and reduced risk factor increases the performance and makes possible space tourism for people belongs to any community
: The main objective of this paper is the systematic description of the current research and
development of small or miniature unmanned aerial vehicles and micro aerial vehicles, with a focus on
rotary wing vehicles. In recent times, unmanned/Micro aerial vehicles have been operated across the
world; they have also been the subject of considerable research. In particular, UAVs/MAVs with rotary
wings have been expected to perform various tasks such as monitoring at fixed points and surveillance
from the sky since they can perform not only perform static flights by hovering but also achieve vertical
takeoffs and landing. Helicopters have been used for personnel transport, carrying goods, spreading
information, and performing monitoring duties for long periods. A manned helicopter has to be used for
all these duties. On the other hand, unmanned helicopters that can be operated by radio control have
been developed as a hobby. Since unmanned helicopters are often superior to manned helicopters in
terms of cost and safety, in recent years, accomplishing tasks using unmanned helicopters has become
popular. Considerable expertise is required to operate unmanned helicopters by radio control, and
hence, vast labor resources are employed to train operators. Moreover, it is impossible to operate
unmanned helicopters outside visual areas because of lack of radio control, and the working area is
hence limited remarkably. For solving the above problems, it is necessary to realize autonomous
control of unmanned helicopters. However, no general method for designing the small unmanned
helicopters has been developed yet – today, various design techniques by different study groups using
different helicopters exist. In this paper the conceptual design process is explained.
A design study for an Autogiro UAV to Mars which combines both the forward flight and rotor dynamics into one singular design. The study involves design calculations and suggests a possible design in comparison to NASA's ARES Mission
We are living in a vast universe that contains tremendous unknown knowledge. Human space exploration helps to address the fundamental questions about our place in the universe. In this the development of spacecrafts is remarkable. SKYLON is space plane that can be a replacement for the current scenario of space travel by its reliability, ease of operation and economic friendly nature. It’s a single stage to orbit hypersonic space plane. That uses horizontal take off and landing like a conventional aircraft. It could reach up to the low earth orbit (LEO) with a payload of about 15 tons. This system use combined cycle engine commonly known as synergistic air breathing rocket engine (SABRE).That works both in air breathing and pure rocket mode. This permits the vehicle to cruise at hypersonic speed (around Mach 5.5) within earth atmosphere. SKYLON is the future of aviation and space industry, which may ease many missions from earth surface to space. Further modification in the engine may lead not only to the orbit but also far away from that .its low fuel consumption lower weight and reduced risk factor increases the performance and makes possible space tourism for people belongs to any community
Prospects of Hyperloop Transportation Technology: A Case of ChinaDr. Amarjeet Singh
Hyperloop transportation technology is amongst
the most promising sustainable and climate-friendly
transportation systems of the modern era. Now China has
taken steps to build this transportation system in Tongren city,
which located on Guizhou's eastern part [8]. So far, not much
work has been conducted on the prospects of this technology,
especially for China. In this paper based on extensive
literature review, we have analyzed the prospects of this
technology in China. Furthermore, this article also discusses
the possible hurdles and proposes some suggestions for
overcoming the problems in the adoption of this climatefriendly technology.
Modeling and analysis of outer shell of cruise missileeSAT Journals
Abstract The advent of the modern cruise missile, with less radar detection and the ability to fly at low altitudes in sub sonic speeds with
precise navigation, placed an extensive liability on all weapon systems in defence.The purpose of this project is to present a
preliminary analysis and design of a cruise missile which fulfill the mission requirements. This design project comprises the concept
exploration and development stages of the full design process. While designing we should take dimensions as per our requirements and
should have tolerances to design parts. CATIA V5 is used as design tool. The inlet temperature, pressure, density and altitude are the
parameters to analyze the flow properties. The analysis done in the ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5.This paper discuss the flow of the
designed model. In this paper we are going to discuss key aspects in aerodynamics of wing and fin.
Keywords: Wing, Fin, Pressure, Density, Altitude, Aerodynamics
Experimental study of magnus effect over an aircraft wingeSAT Journals
Abstract We present this paper as an experimental study of employing Magnus Effect in an aircraft wing. The scope and interest of study of Magnus Effect and its application in Aerospace Engineering is widely increasing all over the world to make use of the Magnus Force for enhanced Lift by Drag Ratio. Most of the trials weren't successful due to the heavy Drag Force produced by large cylinders, even though sufficient Lift Force was generated. The main stereotypical apprehension of Magnus Effect is that it could be applied only over symmetrical bodies like a spinning ball(sphere), or a cylinder or a disc. We suggest an idea to be applied differently by maintaining a constant circumferential speed over an airfoil profile. We propose to initiate the project work by considering a symmetrical airfoil and study it’s aerodynamic characteristics and make an attempt in extending it's performing envelope by implementing Magnus Effect. Our intention is to provide the constant circumferential speed over the airfoil skin is by compositing a treadmill like motion contributed by a series of rollers fastened over a chain track and driven by a stepper motor. The Rollers coupled Treadmill spins in a clockwise direction, when air passes over the upper surface of the airfoil, it will be pushed down, due to the energy provided by the treadmill motion imparted to the airflow. This apparently make the air below the airfoil denser and eventually leading to a pressure rise in the lower surface of the airfoil. Consequently, the supplemented acceleration of airflow over the upper surface of the airflow results in a greater pressure difference between both the surfaces of airfoil. Thus we are generating surplus Lift Force and minimize Drag Force by implementing Magnus Effect over the aircraft wing. We term this entire approach as Flo-Lapse. Our Pilot Studies and predictions make it seem that this idea will wide open many avenues for production of augmented Lift/Drag Ratio, wielding of shorter wingspan, probability of initiating a Vertical Take-Off for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or production of Lift at Zero Airspeed. A probable condition of the Cruise phase of a flight profile, where in the aircraft is at maximum speed, the incoming airstream can be used to reverse the Flo-Lapse approach and serve the purpose of an energy solution. We suggest that optimising the circumferential speed, we can have better L/D Ratios and delay early stalling of wing. KeyWords:Magnus effect, Treadmill motion, Flo-Lapse, Aerodynamics, L/D ratio & Aircraft wing
A Presentation on Reusable Launcher Technology , with reference and basis of SpaceX Technologies Falcon 9 reusable rocket. With basic slides explaining the overview of the technology presented. ( No analytical or numerical issues addressed)
Prospects of Hyperloop Transportation Technology: A Case of ChinaDr. Amarjeet Singh
Hyperloop transportation technology is amongst
the most promising sustainable and climate-friendly
transportation systems of the modern era. Now China has
taken steps to build this transportation system in Tongren city,
which located on Guizhou's eastern part [8]. So far, not much
work has been conducted on the prospects of this technology,
especially for China. In this paper based on extensive
literature review, we have analyzed the prospects of this
technology in China. Furthermore, this article also discusses
the possible hurdles and proposes some suggestions for
overcoming the problems in the adoption of this climatefriendly technology.
Modeling and analysis of outer shell of cruise missileeSAT Journals
Abstract The advent of the modern cruise missile, with less radar detection and the ability to fly at low altitudes in sub sonic speeds with
precise navigation, placed an extensive liability on all weapon systems in defence.The purpose of this project is to present a
preliminary analysis and design of a cruise missile which fulfill the mission requirements. This design project comprises the concept
exploration and development stages of the full design process. While designing we should take dimensions as per our requirements and
should have tolerances to design parts. CATIA V5 is used as design tool. The inlet temperature, pressure, density and altitude are the
parameters to analyze the flow properties. The analysis done in the ANSYS WORKBENCH 14.5.This paper discuss the flow of the
designed model. In this paper we are going to discuss key aspects in aerodynamics of wing and fin.
Keywords: Wing, Fin, Pressure, Density, Altitude, Aerodynamics
Experimental study of magnus effect over an aircraft wingeSAT Journals
Abstract We present this paper as an experimental study of employing Magnus Effect in an aircraft wing. The scope and interest of study of Magnus Effect and its application in Aerospace Engineering is widely increasing all over the world to make use of the Magnus Force for enhanced Lift by Drag Ratio. Most of the trials weren't successful due to the heavy Drag Force produced by large cylinders, even though sufficient Lift Force was generated. The main stereotypical apprehension of Magnus Effect is that it could be applied only over symmetrical bodies like a spinning ball(sphere), or a cylinder or a disc. We suggest an idea to be applied differently by maintaining a constant circumferential speed over an airfoil profile. We propose to initiate the project work by considering a symmetrical airfoil and study it’s aerodynamic characteristics and make an attempt in extending it's performing envelope by implementing Magnus Effect. Our intention is to provide the constant circumferential speed over the airfoil skin is by compositing a treadmill like motion contributed by a series of rollers fastened over a chain track and driven by a stepper motor. The Rollers coupled Treadmill spins in a clockwise direction, when air passes over the upper surface of the airfoil, it will be pushed down, due to the energy provided by the treadmill motion imparted to the airflow. This apparently make the air below the airfoil denser and eventually leading to a pressure rise in the lower surface of the airfoil. Consequently, the supplemented acceleration of airflow over the upper surface of the airflow results in a greater pressure difference between both the surfaces of airfoil. Thus we are generating surplus Lift Force and minimize Drag Force by implementing Magnus Effect over the aircraft wing. We term this entire approach as Flo-Lapse. Our Pilot Studies and predictions make it seem that this idea will wide open many avenues for production of augmented Lift/Drag Ratio, wielding of shorter wingspan, probability of initiating a Vertical Take-Off for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, or production of Lift at Zero Airspeed. A probable condition of the Cruise phase of a flight profile, where in the aircraft is at maximum speed, the incoming airstream can be used to reverse the Flo-Lapse approach and serve the purpose of an energy solution. We suggest that optimising the circumferential speed, we can have better L/D Ratios and delay early stalling of wing. KeyWords:Magnus effect, Treadmill motion, Flo-Lapse, Aerodynamics, L/D ratio & Aircraft wing
A Presentation on Reusable Launcher Technology , with reference and basis of SpaceX Technologies Falcon 9 reusable rocket. With basic slides explaining the overview of the technology presented. ( No analytical or numerical issues addressed)
Similar to Propulsion System in Hypersonic Spacecraft Rocket: A Review of Recent Development and Future Prospects (20)
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.