Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Introduction:
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and organelles bound by plasma
membranes. Fungi, plants, and animals are made of eukaryotic cells
(eukaryotes). Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or
organelles. All bacteria and members of Archaea are made of prokaryotic cells
(prokaryotes).
3. Difference Between Eukaryotic And
Prokaryotic Cells
The most obvious difference between them is that prokaryotes have no
nuclei, but there are four major differences between a eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cell:
1.No prokaryotic cell has a nucleus; every eukaryotic cell has a nucleus.
2.Prokaryotic cells have no mitochondria, nearly every eukaryotic cell
has mitochondria.
3.Prokaryotic cells have no organelles enclosed in plasma membranes;
every eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and organelles, each enclosed in
plasma membranes.
4.Prokaryotic cells have circular strands of DNA; eukaryotic cells have
multiple molecules of double-stranded, linear DNA.
5. Similarities Between Prokaryotic And
Eukaryotic Cells
For all their differences, prokaryotes and eukaryotes have
a few similarities share some common structures (due to
physics and evolution), and though their DNA is different,
they even share some genetic features.
6. Both types of cells have five similarities:
Both types of cells carry on all the necessary functions of life (adaptation
through evolution, cellular organization, growth and development, heredity,
homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism, and response to stimuli). However,
they do these things in different ways.
Both cells carry DNA and rDNA (ribosomal DNA)
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have vesicles.
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes may be single-celled organisms. Amoebas,
paramecia, and yeast are all single-cell eukaryotes.
Both types of cells have vacuoles, storage units for food and liquid.
Similarities Between Prokaryotic And Eukaryotic
Cells
7. Structures Found In Prokaryotic And
Eukaryotic Cells
All living organisms use cellular organization to create structures to conduct
life processes. Cells organize into tissues, which organize into organs,
which organize into amazing life forms like plants, fungi, dogs, ducks, and
people.
Intracellular structures are common to both types of cells. Both prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells have:
•DNA
•Ribosomes
•Cytoplasm
•Plasma membrane
8. Prokaryotes
An organism with prokaryotic cells is a prokaryote. Prokaryotic
organisms get their names from the Greek roots, pro (before)
and karyon (nut or kernel). This roughly means they are cells with
structures so simple that they came from a time before a cell's
nucleus existed.
9. The three domains of life, Eukaryota, Bacteria, and Archaea, include
two branches that are prokaryotes:
1.Bacteria – The first prokaryotes were discovered in 1676. Bacteria
have bacterial rRNA (Ribosomal RNA), no nuclear membrane, and cell
membranes composed primarily of diacylglycerol diester lipids (ester-
linked lipids).
2.Archaea – Single-cell organisms. They have no nuclear membrane
and share some qualities with bacteria (rDNA, circular chromosomes,
asexual reproduction) but are set apart from bacteria by their unique
rDNA and ether-linked lipids in their cell membranes.
Prokaryotes
10. Prokaryotic Organelles
Prokaryotes help recycle nutrients by decomposing dead organisms
Bacteria in the intestines and mouths of all higher animals help with
the digestion of food
The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is tightly coiled in a ‘nucleoid,’ which is
not a true nucleus since it has no membrane
Prokaryotic rDNA is a single ring of DNA and is only
about 0.10.1 percent of the amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cells have many more ways to obtain and use energy
than eukaryotic cells, performing photosynthesis, respiration in
common with eukaryotes but also using nitrogen fixation,
denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis
11. Prokaryotic cells have many more ways to obtain and use energy
than eukaryotic cells, performing photosynthesis, respiration in
common with eukaryotes but also using nitrogen fixation,
denitrification, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis
Roughly half of all bacteria have flagella, little whip-like external
structures that all them to move
Prokaryotic cells can use pili and fimbriae, also types of external
growths, to stick to other cells or surfaces they make their home
Prokaryotic cells can perform binary fission roughly
every 2424 hours, meaning they can reproduce exponentially fast
All adult humans have about 0.2 kg0.2 kg of bacteria in their
digestive systems and on their skin;
Prokaryotic cells are the oldest life forms on earth, dating
back 3.53.5 million years
12. Eukaryotes
Fungi, plants, protista, and all animals (including
humans) are eukaryotes. We are all built with
eukaryotic cells. The word eukaryote comes from
two Greek roots, eu (good, well), and karyon (nut,
kernel), so a eukaryote has a well-defined or “good”
nucleus (kernel) in its cells.
Eukaryotes Cells
Eukaryotic cells have nuclei and organelles, which
immediately sets them apart from prokaryotic cells.
13. Some of these eukaryotic cell organelles are:
Mitochondria (cell powerhouses)
Chloroplasts (in plants and some algae, for
photosynthesis)
Endoplasmic reticulum (the cell transport system)
Golgi apparatus (protein packagers)
Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
Vacuoles (water and food storage)
Lysosomes (digestive processes)
Peroxisomes (metabolic processes)
Nucleus (the mind and brain of the cell)
14. Size Of Eukaryotic Cells
In general, eukaryotic cells are much bigger than
prokaryotic cells. One eukaryotic cell could be
double to 1,000 times the size of a prokaryotic cell.
Eukaryotic cells measure between 10 µm and 100
µm, which means you could barely see them with a
standard school light microscope.
15. Eukaryote Characteristics
Eukaryotes can be single-celled organisms (like protozoa or paramecia) or
multicellular organisms (like you or an elephant)
The largest organism on earth is a eukaryote nicknamed the Humongous
Fungus, a specimen of Armillaria ostoyae that covers almost four square miles
under the ground of Malheur National Forest in Oregon
Eukaryotes have linear chromosomes, contrasting with the single ring of rDNA
in prokaryotes
Eukaryotes include animal and plant cells, differentiated in many ways but
most obviously by the plasma membrane of animal cells and synthesis cell
walls in plants
16. Eukaryotic cells store chromatin (DNA and proteins) in a gel-like fluid
called the nucleoplasm, inside the nucleus
Mitochondria, found only in eukaryotic cells, have their own DNA
chromosome, which may indicate they were once freely existing,
independent prokaryotic cells “captured” by eukaryotic cells
In contrast with the mind-blowing miniature prokaryotic cells,
eukaryotic cells are so large, even some of their organelles are
visible under the light microscope of a high school science laboratory
The oldest eukaryote, Grypania, dates back around 1.874 billion
years ago; fossils of this eukaryote were discovered in a Michigan
iron mine
Eukaryotes mostly reproduce sexually, though some do use cell
division
Adult humans have around 3 ·1013 human (eukaryotic) cells in their
bodies and a roughly equal number of bacteria (prokaryotes).
