President Theodore Roosevelt implemented a "Square Deal" policy with three main goals: controlling corporations through antitrust laws, protecting consumers, and conserving natural resources. His administration filed numerous antitrust lawsuits, passed laws regulating the food and drug industries and empowering regulatory agencies, and set aside hundreds of millions of acres of federal land for conservation. Overall, Roosevelt took an active approach to expanding the federal government's role in regulating businesses and protecting citizens.

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4. Square deal
 He vowed not to favor any group of
Americans but to be fair to all
 Square is fair
 Three demands (3 C’s):
◦ Control of corporations
◦ Consumer protection
◦ Conservation of natural resources

5. Control of Corporations
 Was not pro-business
 Distinguish good businesses from bad
◦ Products vs money
 Defended the right of labor to organize
 The Roosevelt administration filed
forty-three trust-busting suits
 Known as the “Trust Buster”

6.  What
was
his
saying
?
 What
is the
“big
stick”
now?

9. Hepburn Act
 Interstate Commerce Commission
(ICC)
◦ Was created to ensure railroads were
regulated
◦ weak agency, didn’t have much authority
 Empowered the ICC
 Set maximum railroad rates and
allowed inspection on railroad
companies’ financial records

10. Consumer Protection
 The Jungle
 Pure Food and Drug Act
 Meat Inspection Act
 Federal inspection of meat products
and prohibited the manufacture, sale,
or transportation of adulterated food
products.

11. Conservation of natural
resources  As president, Roosevelt provided federal
protection for almost 230 million acres of
land
◦ an area equivalent to the entire Eastern
Seaboard from Maine to Florida.
 He sat aside 150 national forests, the first
51 federal bird reservations, five national
parks, the first 18 national monuments, the
first four national game preserves and the
first 24 reclamation, or federal irrigation,
and projects.
 Roosevelt also appointed as the first Chief
of the U.S. Forest Service the visionary
Gifford Pinchot
 He convened four study commissions on
conservation for policymakers and leading
authorities to shape thought about the
then-new field of conservation.

12. Thank you TR!

13. Which came first?

15. Foreign Policy
 Roosevelt
Corollary
◦ What was this?
◦ Where did we
see this?
 Russo-
Japanese War
 Nobel Peace
Price

16. Taft

17.  Governor of the Philippines under
McKinley
 Was handpicked by TR to be the next
president
 Initiated at many as 80 trust-busting
suits
◦ Almost twice as many as TR

20. 16th Amendment
 The 16th Amendment allows
Congress to tax income without
basing it on population.
◦ It is based on how much you make
 The amendment is the constitutional
law empowering the government
enforce income taxes on Americans.

22. 17th Amendment
 Direct election of
senators
 Instead of state
legislatures providing
jobs and voting for
their friends, the
people could elect
someone who they
felt would do the
best job

23. Trust-Buster
 Started off strong
 Twice as many trust-busting suits as TR
◦ Standard Oil Company
◦ The American Tobacco Company
 U.S. Steel
◦ TR accused him of being unable to tell the
difference between “good” trusts and “bad”
trusts
 Found himself surrounded by
conservative business men, and soon
backed off his trust-busting efforts

24. Foreign Policy
 Dollar Diplomacy
◦ What was this?
◦ Where did we see this?

25. End of the friendship
 Taft fired Pinchot,
head of the
Department of
Forestry, and
Roosevelt’s
personal friend
 Split the
Republican party
in two

28. Election of 1912
 TR returned and announced he was
running for President
 Roosevelt lost Republican seat
 Knowing what we know about TR,
how do you think he handled the loss?

29. HE CREATED HIS OWN
PARTY

31. Bull Moose Party

34. New Nationalism vs. New
Freedom

36. Wilson

37. Clayton Anti-trust Act
 An amendment passed by
the U.S. Congress in 1914
that provides further
clarification and substance
to the Sherman Antitrust
Act of 1890.
 Prevented companies
from making exclusive
contracts, rebates, inter
corporate stock holdings,
and price cutting.
 This act was very
influential because it did
not inhibit unions from
forming or carrying out
their plans for reform.

38. Keating-Owen Act
 Sought to address child
labor by prohibiting the
sale in interstate
commerce of goods
produced by factories
that employed children
under fourteen
 mines that employed
children younger than
sixteen
 Any facility where
children under sixteen
worked at night or more
than eight hours daily.
◦ 60 hours a week

39. Sadly,
 The Keating-Owen Act was
considered unconstitutional
 Hammer v. Dagenhart
 State vs. Federal powers (10th
Amendment)
◦ Can Congress regulate commerce?
 Decision reversed in 1941

40. Adamson Act
 Established an eight-hour workday,
with additional pay for overtime work,
for interstate railroad workers.

42. Foreign Policy
 Moral Diplomacy
◦ the system in which support is given only
to countries whose moral beliefs are
similar to that of the nation supplying help.
 Help democratic countries
◦ Possible allies
 Injure non-democratic countries
◦ Possible enemies

44. Latin America
 He also hoped to increase the number of
democratic nations, particularly in Latin
America
 Anti-Imperialist
 Monroe Doctrine
 Panama Canal Act
 Apologized for Roosevelt’s actions during
Panamanian Revolution
 Nicaragua
◦ Haiti
◦ Dominican Republic

45. Mexican Revolution
 Victoriano Huerta
 Wilson refused to recognize violent
dictators who overthrew a government
in pursuit of their own agenda
 Gave Huerta’s enemies weapons
 Constitutionalist Venustiano Carranza
 Pancho Villa
 Columbus, New Mexico

47. End of the Progressives (?)