The document summarizes major events and political developments during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in the United States, including presidential elections, reforms, and reformers who sought to address social and economic issues of the time. Key figures mentioned include Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, Robert La Follette, Carrie Nation, and W.E.B. Du Bois. Major legislation passed included the Interstate Commerce Act, Sherman Antitrust Act, and women's suffrage through the 19th Amendment.

1. Gilded Age

2. 1880 Presidential Election: Republicans James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur (VP)

3. 1880 Presidential Election: Democrats

4. 1880 Presidential Election

5. 1881: Garfield Assassinated! Charles Guiteau: I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur is President now!

6. Pendleton Act (1883) Civil Service Act. The “Magna Carta” of civil service reform. 1883  14,000 out of 117,000 federal govt. jobs became civil service exam positions. 1900  100,000 out of 200,000 civil service federal govt. jobs.

7. 1884 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland James Blaine * (DEM) (REP)

8. A Dirty Campaign Ma, Ma…where’s my pa? He’s going to the White House, ha… ha… ha…!

9. 1884 Presidential Election

10. Cleveland’s First Term The “Veto Governor” from New York. First Democratic elected since 1856. A public office is a public trust! His laissez-faire presidency: Opposed bills to assist the poor as well as the rich. Vetoed over 200 special pension bills for Civil War veterans!

11. Interstate Commerce Act - 1887 No more rebates Set up Interstate Commerce Commission – regulate the railroad

12. 1888 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison (DEM) * (REP)

13. Changing Public Opinion Americans wanted the federal govt. to deal with growing soc. & eco. problems & to curb the power of the trusts: Interstate Commerce Act – 1887 Sherman Antitrust Act – 1890 McKinley Tariff – 1890 Based on the theory that prosperity flowed directly from protectionism. Increased already high rates another 4%! Rep. Party suffered big losses in 1890 (even McKinley lost his House seat!).

14. Sherman Anti-Trust No more trusts or monopolies Enforcement difficult Courts used it to control unions instead of businesses

15. 1892 Presidential Election Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison again! * (DEM) (REP)

16. Cleveland Loses Support Fast! The only President to serve two non-consecutive terms. Blamed for the 1893 Panic. Defended the gold standard. Used federal troops in the 1894 Pullman strike.

17. Reforms and Reformers Reformers – progressives forward thinking people who wanted to improve American life the ills of society could be solved or cured

18. Robert La Follette “Battling Bob” More direct participation in government Introduced Primaries voter’s select party’s candidates Initiative – voters can propose legislation Referendum- voters can overturn an existing law Recall- voters can remove elected officials from office

19. Mother Jones Mary Harris Jones March of the Mill Children Child Labor laws passed by states “Slowly the cause of his children becomes the cause of all.”

20. John Muir Protector of the Environment Worked to set aside land for Parks

21. Upton Sinclair Mukraker The Jungle – best seller Congress passed Meat Inspection Act Congress passed Pure Food and Drug Act

22. Alice Paul Wanted to win suffrage by constitutional amendment states in the west gave women right to vote Carrie Chapman Catt organized plans to win the right to vote 1920 – 19 th amendment ratified

23. Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Organized in 1874 Spoke out against “evils of alcohol” Carrie Nation radical crusader 18 th Amendment – illegal to sell alcohol in United States ratified in 1919

24. W.E.B. DuBois Discrimination Lynching Disagreed with Booker T Washington – education would win respect and jobs NAACP – worked for equal rights

25. Two Amendments Income tax – 16 Amendment – ratified in 1913 Direct election on Senators – 17 th Amendment ratified in 1913

26. Election of 1896 William McKinley William Jennings Bryan Republican Democrat

28. McKinley USS Maine explodes in Cuban harbor Spanish-American war (chapter 23)

29. Election of 1900 William McKinley William Jennings Bryan Republican Democrat

31. Teddy Roosevelt 26 th President Intervenes in coal mining strike Makes Philippines a United States territory Begins work on Panama Canal Youngest President (42)

33. Election of 1904 Roosevelt Alton B Parker Republican Democrat

35. Teddy Roosevelt Hepburn Act Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act

36. Election of 1908 William Howard Taft Bryan Republican Democrat

37. Taft – 27 th President Triangle Shirtwaist company fire Standard Oil asked to dissolve under Sherman Anti-Trust act Eight hour work day for all workers with federal contracts 16 th amendment ratified

38. Election of 1912 Taft Woodrow Wilson Teddy Roosevelt Republican Democrat Bull Moose

39. In 1912 presidential campaign saw issues raised that raised questions about the future of American democracy, direct democracy conservation of natural resources the future shape of the American economy, the tariff regulation of big business labor question

40. and the relationship between the federal government and American citizens. women voting race problems

42. Wilson – 28 th President New Freedom Federal Reserve system established 17 th amendments ratified Panama Canal is completed WWI begins in Europe