This document provides an overview of the physical, cultural, demographic, economic and geopolitical landscapes of South and East Asia. Some key points:
- The region encompasses one quarter of the world's landmass and is home to over half the global population, with China and India alone containing over 2.4 billion people.
- The region has immense physical diversity, from the Himalayas to islands and archipelagos. Climate and vegetation vary widely but the monsoon system plays a crucial role across much of the area.
- Culturally, the region gave rise to Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and other belief systems practiced by over a quarter of humanity. Languages vary widely
The document provides an overview of the Middle East and North Africa region. It discusses the area and population, which totals over 5 million square miles and 503 million people. The population is distributed unevenly and is growing rapidly. The region has stark geographic contrasts, including deserts, seas, and mountains. Historically, the main ways of life have been villages centered around agriculture, pastoral nomadism, and urban areas. The region is culturally and historically significant, being the birthplace of several major world religions. It faces many geopolitical issues relating to resources like oil and water. Recent events like the Arab Spring have led to political changes across countries in the region.
The document provides an overview of Russia and the Near Abroad region, covering its:
- History as the former USSR that split into 15 independent nations in 1991
- Vast area and population of 282 million people spread across 11 time zones
- Harsh climate and geography characterized by cold temperatures, infertile soils, and permafrost
- Complex cultural and linguistic diversity with over 100 languages spoken
- Economic transitions from a communist system to capitalism and current issues
- Geopolitical relationships within Russia, the Near Abroad nations, and globally concerning resources and territorial disputes
The document summarizes key information about the Caucasus and Central Asian regions. It discusses how the fall of communism negatively impacted Georgia's economy. It also notes that Russia has tried to block Azerbaijan's construction of a new oil pipeline. The document then covers the physical geography, cultures, economic activities, and environmental issues of Central Asian countries. It states that Soviet irrigation projects caused the Aral Sea to lose two-thirds of its volume and contributed to desertification in the region.
This document provides an overview of North Africa, including Egypt and countries in the Maghreb region. It discusses the physical geography of Egypt and how the Nile River has influenced settlement and agriculture. It then explains how the Aswan Dam changed flooding patterns and challenged farmers. The document also summarizes the physical characteristics, cultural influences, and patterns of settlement in Libya and other Maghreb countries, and how various nations have gained independence from European colonial powers.
This document provides an overview of Central and Southwest Asia across 7 sections: 1) Historical Overview discusses early civilizations and the spread of religions in the region. 2) Physical Characteristics describes the mountains, plateaus, plains and deserts. 3) Climates notes the prevalence of arid and semiarid conditions. 4) Ecosystems outlines the desert, grassland and chaparral environments. 5) People and Cultures discusses nomadic herders and the role of mosques and religious sites. 6) Economics, Technology and Environment reviews farming, herding, oil/gas extraction and infrastructure. 7) Database provides brief economic profiles and trade data for 4 countries.
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and politics of several countries in Southwest Asia. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire once united the region's diverse peoples under Islamic rule. After World War I, European powers divided up the former Ottoman lands between them. The creation of Israel as a Jewish homeland led to conflict with neighboring Arab states. The document then summarizes the modern histories and challenges facing countries like Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in Chapter 24 of the World Geography textbook, which introduces the continent of Africa. The chapter sections will cover the historic overview of Africa, the physical characteristics of the continent including its climate and ecosystems, the diverse peoples and cultures of Africa, the economic activities and environment of the continent, and conclude with a database providing population statistics for several African countries.
This document provides an overview of West and Central Africa based on a World Geography textbook chapter. It covers the Sahel region, coastal countries, Nigeria, and Central Africa. Key points include: the Sahel's history of trade empires and current environmental challenges; how coastal location encouraged trade but also economic struggles since independence; Nigeria's varying regions defined by settlement patterns and effect of military rule; and how the Congo River aids Central Africa but the region also faces political turmoil like in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The document provides an overview of the Middle East and North Africa region. It discusses the area and population, which totals over 5 million square miles and 503 million people. The population is distributed unevenly and is growing rapidly. The region has stark geographic contrasts, including deserts, seas, and mountains. Historically, the main ways of life have been villages centered around agriculture, pastoral nomadism, and urban areas. The region is culturally and historically significant, being the birthplace of several major world religions. It faces many geopolitical issues relating to resources like oil and water. Recent events like the Arab Spring have led to political changes across countries in the region.
The document provides an overview of Russia and the Near Abroad region, covering its:
- History as the former USSR that split into 15 independent nations in 1991
- Vast area and population of 282 million people spread across 11 time zones
- Harsh climate and geography characterized by cold temperatures, infertile soils, and permafrost
- Complex cultural and linguistic diversity with over 100 languages spoken
- Economic transitions from a communist system to capitalism and current issues
- Geopolitical relationships within Russia, the Near Abroad nations, and globally concerning resources and territorial disputes
The document summarizes key information about the Caucasus and Central Asian regions. It discusses how the fall of communism negatively impacted Georgia's economy. It also notes that Russia has tried to block Azerbaijan's construction of a new oil pipeline. The document then covers the physical geography, cultures, economic activities, and environmental issues of Central Asian countries. It states that Soviet irrigation projects caused the Aral Sea to lose two-thirds of its volume and contributed to desertification in the region.
This document provides an overview of North Africa, including Egypt and countries in the Maghreb region. It discusses the physical geography of Egypt and how the Nile River has influenced settlement and agriculture. It then explains how the Aswan Dam changed flooding patterns and challenged farmers. The document also summarizes the physical characteristics, cultural influences, and patterns of settlement in Libya and other Maghreb countries, and how various nations have gained independence from European colonial powers.
This document provides an overview of Central and Southwest Asia across 7 sections: 1) Historical Overview discusses early civilizations and the spread of religions in the region. 2) Physical Characteristics describes the mountains, plateaus, plains and deserts. 3) Climates notes the prevalence of arid and semiarid conditions. 4) Ecosystems outlines the desert, grassland and chaparral environments. 5) People and Cultures discusses nomadic herders and the role of mosques and religious sites. 6) Economics, Technology and Environment reviews farming, herding, oil/gas extraction and infrastructure. 7) Database provides brief economic profiles and trade data for 4 countries.
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and politics of several countries in Southwest Asia. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire once united the region's diverse peoples under Islamic rule. After World War I, European powers divided up the former Ottoman lands between them. The creation of Israel as a Jewish homeland led to conflict with neighboring Arab states. The document then summarizes the modern histories and challenges facing countries like Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in Chapter 24 of the World Geography textbook, which introduces the continent of Africa. The chapter sections will cover the historic overview of Africa, the physical characteristics of the continent including its climate and ecosystems, the diverse peoples and cultures of Africa, the economic activities and environment of the continent, and conclude with a database providing population statistics for several African countries.
This document provides an overview of West and Central Africa based on a World Geography textbook chapter. It covers the Sahel region, coastal countries, Nigeria, and Central Africa. Key points include: the Sahel's history of trade empires and current environmental challenges; how coastal location encouraged trade but also economic struggles since independence; Nigeria's varying regions defined by settlement patterns and effect of military rule; and how the Congo River aids Central Africa but the region also faces political turmoil like in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
This document summarizes the historical influences and current countries of Southeast Asia. It discusses how Indian, Muslim, Chinese and European migrations impacted the region's culture and economy. Europeans established colonies that divided the region and disrupted existing ethnic groups. It then analyzes specific countries, noting how Myanmar struggles with national identity while Thailand preserved independence. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia experienced war and communist rule. Indonesia and the Philippines maintain unity despite diversity. Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei benefit from natural resources like oil.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a mostly desert country located in the Middle East between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 5.4 million people, half of whom are Palestinian refugees. Jordan was historically home to ancient civilizations and is an important religious site. It gained independence after World War II and has experienced political instability due to its role in Arab-Israeli conflicts, but its long-reigning King Hussein (1953-1999) stabilized the country and became a respected leader known for his efforts to promote peace in the region.
The document provides information on several South Asian countries. It discusses how Mohandas Gandhi and religious conflicts led to Indian independence and the partition of India and Pakistan. Violence during partition resulted in millions of refugees and deaths. Economic and religious differences later caused East Pakistan to become the independent country of Bangladesh. It also outlines how the availability of water and hydroelectric power influence Pakistan's agriculture and development, and describes Afghanistan's ethnic and cultural diversity amid decades of conflict and invasion.
1) Fundamentalist Islam rose to power in Iran in 1979 when Ayatollah Khomeini established an Islamic theocracy after returning from exile.
2) This led Iraq's Saddam Hussein, who feared a similar revolution, to invade Iran, starting the Iran-Iraq War from 1980-1988 that killed over 1 million soldiers with no clear winner.
3) In 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait which prompted a US-led coalition to force Iraq's withdrawal in 1991 during Operation Desert Storm.
Iraq is located in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It has borders with several countries and most of its land consists of desert, though the area between the rivers is fertile. Iraq has a parliamentary democracy established after the US invasion in 2003 that removed Saddam Hussein from power. The economy relies heavily on oil exports, though conflicts have damaged infrastructure and hurt the economy. The population is diverse and includes Shiite and Sunni Muslims and Kurds, and divisions between these groups have led to violence.
Geography ch.5 the united states- 2003 newdhtaylor3
The United States has diverse physical features including mountains, rivers, and plains. The climate varies from wet in the east to dry in the west. Natural resources include farmland, oil, forests, and minerals. The country faces challenges like terrorism but has a strong economy and military. It also has a rich cultural diversity from native and immigrant populations.
The document provides an overview of the region of South Asia by covering its history, physical geography, climate, ecosystems, culture, economy, and technology. Key points include: South Asia is home to Hinduism and Buddhism and has been conquered by various empires over centuries. The landscape ranges from deserts to rainforests to the Himalayas. The climate varies from tropical wet to arid. Ecosystems include tropical grasslands, rainforests, and desert scrub. South Asia has a large population with urban and rural populations intermixing old and new building styles. The economy relies on subsistence farming and manufacturing, though many are moving to cities. Access to technology and information varies significantly between countries.
This document provides an overview of the key geographic regions, physical features, climates, ecosystems, cultures, economies, and transportation infrastructure of East Asia and the Pacific. It notes that the region has been influenced by China through Confucianism and imperial rule. It has also experienced European colonization and the rise of Japan before World War II. The region exhibits great physical diversity from mountain ranges to islands. Tropical and subtropical climates predominate, supporting ecosystems like rainforests and grasslands. East and Southeast Asia contain many people but Australia is very sparsely populated. Economies range from subsistence farming to manufacturing and trade. Transportation networks have grown significantly in countries like China, Japan, and Australia.
This document provides an overview of religion, politics, and oil in Southwest Asia, focusing on three main regions: the Arabian Peninsula, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Northeast. It describes the dominant religions of Islam and various sects, the impact of colonialism and formation of nation states after World War I, and ongoing conflicts over land and political power between religious and ethnic groups. A key theme is the role of oil in power dynamics and economic development in the region. Modern life combines aspects of traditional religion and 21st century technology and globalization.
The US presence in the Middle East can be explained to the fact that it always defends its interets in the region. For, that reason, the US uses divergent means and methods to achieve its ends.
Turkey is located in both Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bordered by seas to the north, west and south. It has a temperate climate and the largest population in the Middle East. Istanbul is the largest city and Anatolia is the Asian section of Turkey. There is opposition to Turkey joining the EU due to its weaker economy, conflicts with Greece, human rights issues, and cultural differences from Europe. Cyprus is an island divided between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. The Levant region has a Mediterranean climate and was part of the Fertile Crescent. Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine are in the Eastern Mediterranean with various geographical features and religious differences causing conflicts.
This document provides an overview of geography, history, and economic conditions in East and Southern Africa. It discusses Kenya's physical geography and the effects of British colonial rule on settlement patterns. It then covers cash crop agriculture in Kenya and political instability. The document next summarizes the strategic locations and challenges facing several East African countries, including conflicts and drought. It also discusses South Africa's history of racial divisions under apartheid and the country's transition to multi-racial democracy in the 1990s.
Source: Looking Glass Publications
By Linda Lavender, Writer / Robin Barnett, Editor
Understanding the past proxies is relevant to the recent unrest in the Middle East, which is often mischaracterized as a purely sectarian conflict. While clearly there is a sectarian component to ongoing unrest in the region, the conflicts, both latent and manifest within Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen are often reported as a struggle between opposing religious sects - Sunnis and Shiites. However, according to F. Gregory Gause of the Brookings Institution, the best way to understand regional politics and the current unrest in the Middle East is through a Cold War framework between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Iran where the central issue is that of regional hegemony.
The Houthi Entanglement_Saudi Arabia and Iran Faceoff in YemenW. Troy Ayres
This document provides a summary of the proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran in Yemen. It discusses the geopolitical context of the conflict including the Sunni-Shia divide and Saudi Arabia's view of Yemen as within its sphere of influence. It then reviews literature on the major actors - Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the Houthi rebels in Yemen. The research aims to understand how Saudi Arabia may react if Iran continues military aid to the Houthis. The conclusion is that Saudi Arabia would likely lead a coalition in a ground war to eliminate an Iranian-backed government in Yemen and depending on Iran's response, the conflict could escalate further.
SPIRITUAL MATERIAL UPLOADED FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANYONE WHO WANTS TO GO THROUGH. WE ARE SURROUNDED BY LOT OF INFLUENCES, PEOPLE, POLITICS, MEDIA, CINEMA, MUSICS, RELIGIONS. THE THIS WORLD APPROACH TOWARDS THE END AND CLIMAX, THE SLIDES HERE MIGHT THROW SOME LIGHT AS FAR AS THE POLITICAL SIDE CONCERNED ...
The document discusses the history of Jewish settlement in Israel, beginning with the modern Zionist movement in the late 1800s. It summarizes that Jews faced oppression in Europe and the Middle East, so Zionist pioneers began legally immigrating to Israel in increasing numbers to establish agricultural settlements and restore the Jewish homeland. Through hard work, they transformed sparsely populated swampland into thriving towns and villages. The early Zionist pioneers laid the groundwork for establishing the State of Israel despite facing many hardships.
Central Afghanisan Rangelands- A history of tribal rule, grazing, war and reb...Daniel J Miller
Central Afghanistan has a long history of tribal rule and grazing on rangelands that comprise 60-75% of the country's land area. The rangelands provide critical resources but have been degraded by decades of war, drought, and population growth. After the Soviets withdrew in 1989, the country descended into civil war until 2001 when the US-led coalition overthrew the Taliban. Rebuilding efforts now aim to restore Afghanistan's economy, governance, and natural resources.
East Asia is a region with diverse landscapes including mountains, plateaus, deserts, and coastal plains. The population is unevenly distributed, with most people living in fertile coastal areas like the North China Plain and along rivers. Two of East Asia's most populated countries are China, with over 1 billion people, and Japan, where nearly half the population is located on Honshu island and in major coastal cities. The Korean Peninsula is divided into the countries of North Korea and South Korea.
If not we will be divided in to uncountable groups each manipulated by vested foreign and domestic interests to economically rob us from our ability of creative thinking and innovation.
Development projects, as stated above, needs money for each of them to execute. And the money takes the route of foreign direct investment (FDI). Investment needs interest. Usually the investment in infrastructure projects will be inflated ten times higher to earn not only more interest but to make local governments not to be able to pay. When unable to pay, local governments open up natural resources to foreigners for ruthless exploitation. It is a saga that documents one resourceful country after another resourceful country. Dams interrupt river flow thus the cultural bondage of all the tirthas along the river. Can you imagine how to perform aarti when the rivers are dry? That really doesn’t surprise me; people are more interested in forcing themselves upon Nature as opposed to being in tune with it. Nothing in Uttarakhand is endangered or unfriendly to wildlife except under the British rulers.
As Netaji Subhash Chnadra Bose said “any form of oppression should be fought back” it is true in the era of intellectual and scientific arenas.
Although we declare “Satyameva Jayate” as an emblem of the state. It is mentioned on most of documents of our government. The reality is far from the truth.
Israel has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, rivers, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its climate varies from temperate to tropical in different regions. Israel has a parliamentary democracy government and a mixed economy. Tourism is important, with many religious and historical sites, especially in Jerusalem. Israel faces environmental issues and political conflicts with neighboring countries.
The document summarizes three progressive US presidents from the early 20th century - Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. It outlines their policies and accomplishments, including Roosevelt's "Square Deal" reforms, Taft's trustbusting though not being progressive enough, and Wilson's "New Freedom" agenda. The era saw progressive reforms like the 16th-17th amendments but failed to address issues like African American rights and farmers.
The Progressive Era Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson all pursued reforms to regulate large businesses and protect consumers. Roosevelt established the Square Deal which included consumer protections and conservation measures. He also increased executive power. Taft believed high tariffs limited competition and supported the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. Wilson believed in freedom of the economy and reducing tariffs to increase competition. Key policies included the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Trade Commission under Wilson.
This document summarizes the historical influences and current countries of Southeast Asia. It discusses how Indian, Muslim, Chinese and European migrations impacted the region's culture and economy. Europeans established colonies that divided the region and disrupted existing ethnic groups. It then analyzes specific countries, noting how Myanmar struggles with national identity while Thailand preserved independence. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia experienced war and communist rule. Indonesia and the Philippines maintain unity despite diversity. Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei benefit from natural resources like oil.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a mostly desert country located in the Middle East between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. It has a population of 5.4 million people, half of whom are Palestinian refugees. Jordan was historically home to ancient civilizations and is an important religious site. It gained independence after World War II and has experienced political instability due to its role in Arab-Israeli conflicts, but its long-reigning King Hussein (1953-1999) stabilized the country and became a respected leader known for his efforts to promote peace in the region.
The document provides information on several South Asian countries. It discusses how Mohandas Gandhi and religious conflicts led to Indian independence and the partition of India and Pakistan. Violence during partition resulted in millions of refugees and deaths. Economic and religious differences later caused East Pakistan to become the independent country of Bangladesh. It also outlines how the availability of water and hydroelectric power influence Pakistan's agriculture and development, and describes Afghanistan's ethnic and cultural diversity amid decades of conflict and invasion.
1) Fundamentalist Islam rose to power in Iran in 1979 when Ayatollah Khomeini established an Islamic theocracy after returning from exile.
2) This led Iraq's Saddam Hussein, who feared a similar revolution, to invade Iran, starting the Iran-Iraq War from 1980-1988 that killed over 1 million soldiers with no clear winner.
3) In 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait which prompted a US-led coalition to force Iraq's withdrawal in 1991 during Operation Desert Storm.
Iraq is located in the Middle East between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It has borders with several countries and most of its land consists of desert, though the area between the rivers is fertile. Iraq has a parliamentary democracy established after the US invasion in 2003 that removed Saddam Hussein from power. The economy relies heavily on oil exports, though conflicts have damaged infrastructure and hurt the economy. The population is diverse and includes Shiite and Sunni Muslims and Kurds, and divisions between these groups have led to violence.
Geography ch.5 the united states- 2003 newdhtaylor3
The United States has diverse physical features including mountains, rivers, and plains. The climate varies from wet in the east to dry in the west. Natural resources include farmland, oil, forests, and minerals. The country faces challenges like terrorism but has a strong economy and military. It also has a rich cultural diversity from native and immigrant populations.
The document provides an overview of the region of South Asia by covering its history, physical geography, climate, ecosystems, culture, economy, and technology. Key points include: South Asia is home to Hinduism and Buddhism and has been conquered by various empires over centuries. The landscape ranges from deserts to rainforests to the Himalayas. The climate varies from tropical wet to arid. Ecosystems include tropical grasslands, rainforests, and desert scrub. South Asia has a large population with urban and rural populations intermixing old and new building styles. The economy relies on subsistence farming and manufacturing, though many are moving to cities. Access to technology and information varies significantly between countries.
This document provides an overview of the key geographic regions, physical features, climates, ecosystems, cultures, economies, and transportation infrastructure of East Asia and the Pacific. It notes that the region has been influenced by China through Confucianism and imperial rule. It has also experienced European colonization and the rise of Japan before World War II. The region exhibits great physical diversity from mountain ranges to islands. Tropical and subtropical climates predominate, supporting ecosystems like rainforests and grasslands. East and Southeast Asia contain many people but Australia is very sparsely populated. Economies range from subsistence farming to manufacturing and trade. Transportation networks have grown significantly in countries like China, Japan, and Australia.
This document provides an overview of religion, politics, and oil in Southwest Asia, focusing on three main regions: the Arabian Peninsula, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Northeast. It describes the dominant religions of Islam and various sects, the impact of colonialism and formation of nation states after World War I, and ongoing conflicts over land and political power between religious and ethnic groups. A key theme is the role of oil in power dynamics and economic development in the region. Modern life combines aspects of traditional religion and 21st century technology and globalization.
The US presence in the Middle East can be explained to the fact that it always defends its interets in the region. For, that reason, the US uses divergent means and methods to achieve its ends.
Turkey is located in both Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bordered by seas to the north, west and south. It has a temperate climate and the largest population in the Middle East. Istanbul is the largest city and Anatolia is the Asian section of Turkey. There is opposition to Turkey joining the EU due to its weaker economy, conflicts with Greece, human rights issues, and cultural differences from Europe. Cyprus is an island divided between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. The Levant region has a Mediterranean climate and was part of the Fertile Crescent. Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Palestine are in the Eastern Mediterranean with various geographical features and religious differences causing conflicts.
This document provides an overview of geography, history, and economic conditions in East and Southern Africa. It discusses Kenya's physical geography and the effects of British colonial rule on settlement patterns. It then covers cash crop agriculture in Kenya and political instability. The document next summarizes the strategic locations and challenges facing several East African countries, including conflicts and drought. It also discusses South Africa's history of racial divisions under apartheid and the country's transition to multi-racial democracy in the 1990s.
Source: Looking Glass Publications
By Linda Lavender, Writer / Robin Barnett, Editor
Understanding the past proxies is relevant to the recent unrest in the Middle East, which is often mischaracterized as a purely sectarian conflict. While clearly there is a sectarian component to ongoing unrest in the region, the conflicts, both latent and manifest within Lebanon, Iraq, Syria and Yemen are often reported as a struggle between opposing religious sects - Sunnis and Shiites. However, according to F. Gregory Gause of the Brookings Institution, the best way to understand regional politics and the current unrest in the Middle East is through a Cold War framework between Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Iran where the central issue is that of regional hegemony.
The Houthi Entanglement_Saudi Arabia and Iran Faceoff in YemenW. Troy Ayres
This document provides a summary of the proxy war between Saudi Arabia and Iran in Yemen. It discusses the geopolitical context of the conflict including the Sunni-Shia divide and Saudi Arabia's view of Yemen as within its sphere of influence. It then reviews literature on the major actors - Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the Houthi rebels in Yemen. The research aims to understand how Saudi Arabia may react if Iran continues military aid to the Houthis. The conclusion is that Saudi Arabia would likely lead a coalition in a ground war to eliminate an Iranian-backed government in Yemen and depending on Iran's response, the conflict could escalate further.
SPIRITUAL MATERIAL UPLOADED FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANYONE WHO WANTS TO GO THROUGH. WE ARE SURROUNDED BY LOT OF INFLUENCES, PEOPLE, POLITICS, MEDIA, CINEMA, MUSICS, RELIGIONS. THE THIS WORLD APPROACH TOWARDS THE END AND CLIMAX, THE SLIDES HERE MIGHT THROW SOME LIGHT AS FAR AS THE POLITICAL SIDE CONCERNED ...
The document discusses the history of Jewish settlement in Israel, beginning with the modern Zionist movement in the late 1800s. It summarizes that Jews faced oppression in Europe and the Middle East, so Zionist pioneers began legally immigrating to Israel in increasing numbers to establish agricultural settlements and restore the Jewish homeland. Through hard work, they transformed sparsely populated swampland into thriving towns and villages. The early Zionist pioneers laid the groundwork for establishing the State of Israel despite facing many hardships.
Central Afghanisan Rangelands- A history of tribal rule, grazing, war and reb...Daniel J Miller
Central Afghanistan has a long history of tribal rule and grazing on rangelands that comprise 60-75% of the country's land area. The rangelands provide critical resources but have been degraded by decades of war, drought, and population growth. After the Soviets withdrew in 1989, the country descended into civil war until 2001 when the US-led coalition overthrew the Taliban. Rebuilding efforts now aim to restore Afghanistan's economy, governance, and natural resources.
East Asia is a region with diverse landscapes including mountains, plateaus, deserts, and coastal plains. The population is unevenly distributed, with most people living in fertile coastal areas like the North China Plain and along rivers. Two of East Asia's most populated countries are China, with over 1 billion people, and Japan, where nearly half the population is located on Honshu island and in major coastal cities. The Korean Peninsula is divided into the countries of North Korea and South Korea.
If not we will be divided in to uncountable groups each manipulated by vested foreign and domestic interests to economically rob us from our ability of creative thinking and innovation.
Development projects, as stated above, needs money for each of them to execute. And the money takes the route of foreign direct investment (FDI). Investment needs interest. Usually the investment in infrastructure projects will be inflated ten times higher to earn not only more interest but to make local governments not to be able to pay. When unable to pay, local governments open up natural resources to foreigners for ruthless exploitation. It is a saga that documents one resourceful country after another resourceful country. Dams interrupt river flow thus the cultural bondage of all the tirthas along the river. Can you imagine how to perform aarti when the rivers are dry? That really doesn’t surprise me; people are more interested in forcing themselves upon Nature as opposed to being in tune with it. Nothing in Uttarakhand is endangered or unfriendly to wildlife except under the British rulers.
As Netaji Subhash Chnadra Bose said “any form of oppression should be fought back” it is true in the era of intellectual and scientific arenas.
Although we declare “Satyameva Jayate” as an emblem of the state. It is mentioned on most of documents of our government. The reality is far from the truth.
Israel has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, rivers, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its climate varies from temperate to tropical in different regions. Israel has a parliamentary democracy government and a mixed economy. Tourism is important, with many religious and historical sites, especially in Jerusalem. Israel faces environmental issues and political conflicts with neighboring countries.
The document summarizes three progressive US presidents from the early 20th century - Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. It outlines their policies and accomplishments, including Roosevelt's "Square Deal" reforms, Taft's trustbusting though not being progressive enough, and Wilson's "New Freedom" agenda. The era saw progressive reforms like the 16th-17th amendments but failed to address issues like African American rights and farmers.
The Progressive Era Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson all pursued reforms to regulate large businesses and protect consumers. Roosevelt established the Square Deal which included consumer protections and conservation measures. He also increased executive power. Taft believed high tariffs limited competition and supported the Payne-Aldrich Tariff. Wilson believed in freedom of the economy and reducing tariffs to increase competition. Key policies included the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Trade Commission under Wilson.
Theodore Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. Some of his major accomplishments included trust-busting, bringing over 40 anti-trust suits against large corporations, and establishing numerous national parks and forests. He was succeeded by William Howard Taft, who filed twice as many anti-trust suits as Roosevelt but faced criticism for reversing on tariff reform. Woodrow Wilson was elected as the 28th President in 1912 after splitting the Republican vote between Roosevelt and Taft. As president, Wilson established several progressive reforms including the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Trade Commission.
The document provides a client profile for Merryline Partos, a 60-70 year old design lecturer. She has a passion for Japanese fashion brands and likes to dress in an innovative yet conservative and edgy style to inspire her students. Merryline is an outgoing person who enjoys attending charitable events. As an ambassador for multiple charities, she is motivated to spend on high-end fashion to make a statement at these events. The document then provides descriptions and images of various clothing styles that would suit Merryline's tastes and lifestyle.
The document summarizes major events from 1914 to 1918 during World War 1. It describes the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which sparked the war. Key battles and events on the Western and Eastern fronts are mentioned, including the use of chemical weapons at Ypres in 1915 and the long, costly battles of Verdun and the Somme in 1916. American entry into the war in 1917 and Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare are noted. The document concludes with the Allied counteroffensives in 1918 and the signing of the Armistice on November 11, 1918, ending the war.
The origami crane is a famous Japanese origami design that has become a symbol of peace. According to a Japanese legend, anyone who folds 1000 paper cranes will have their wish granted. This legend inspired Sadako Sasaki, a young girl exposed to radiation from the Hiroshima bombing, to fold cranes in hopes of recovering from leukemia, though she only completed 644 before her death. Sadako has come to represent all child victims of war and her story has helped origami cranes become associated with peace and healing from suffering.
The document discusses the Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919 that ended World War 1. It outlines what each of the main Allied powers - France, Britain, Italy, and the United States - wanted from the treaty. It also discusses Germany's reaction to being presented the harsh terms without participation. Key points included France wanting security and revenge, Britain a balanced approach, reparations, territorial changes that reduced Germany significantly, and widespread anger in Germany at being presented a "dictated peace".
There is a MPeg demontration with music in this slideshow. It may not show here unless you have PP software to play it on.
Designed solely by me for a class final assignment.
The document discusses several key aspects of World War 2 in the United States, including common enemies with Germany and Japan, propaganda encouraging citizens to support the war effort through rationing and buying bonds, and the story of Doris "Dorie" Miller, an African American navy cook who was awarded the Navy Cross for heroism at Pearl Harbor, becoming the first African American to receive this honor.
The document discusses President Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal program and his selection of William Howard Taft as his successor. Taft won the 1908 election easily due to Roosevelt's endorsement. The 1912 election saw Roosevelt run as a third party candidate after splitting with Taft, weakening the Republican vote and allowing Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win the presidency. Wilson pursued progressive reforms like the Federal Reserve Act and 16th Amendment during his first term from 1913-1921. He supported women's suffrage, which became the 19th Amendment, prohibiting sex-based voting restrictions.
The document discusses the events leading up to World War II, including the rise of totalitarianism in Europe, Hitler ignoring the Treaty of Versailles, Japan's expansion, and America's attempts to remain neutral through neutrality acts while still supporting the Allied forces. It describes the Lend-Lease program through which the US provided war materials to the Allies starting in 1941 while still officially neutral, marking a shift away from American isolationism.
Progressivism had several effects on the national government in the early 1900s:
- Theodore Roosevelt became president in 1901 and pursued progressive reforms like trust busting and consumer protections.
- William Taft succeeded Roosevelt and also pursued progressive reforms as president from 1909-1913, including expanding federal power over corporations.
- Woodrow Wilson was elected in 1912 as a progressive and enacted reforms like the Federal Reserve Act and Federal Trade Commission.
- These progressive presidents expanded the role and power of the federal government to regulate industry and protect consumers in unprecedented ways compared to earlier administrations.
The Civil Rights Movement took place from 1954 to 1968 and sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key leaders included Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. Major events and accomplishments included the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling in 1954 declaring segregation unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956 protesting segregation on buses led by Rosa Parks, the Little Rock Nine integration crisis of 1957, sit-ins starting in 1960 to protest segregated lunch counters, the March on Washington in 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 banning discrimination and protecting voting rights.
The document discusses key events and documents in early American history, including the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, U.S. Constitution, and key figures like Washington, Jefferson, and Hamilton. It also summarizes major developments during the periods of Reconstruction and the buildup to the Civil War.
The document summarizes key events in the Middle East from 1914 to 1922, including the Hussein-McMahon Letters which outlined British support for Arab independence, the Sykes-Picot Agreement dividing the region between Britain and France, the Balfour Declaration supporting a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and the establishment of League of Nations mandates after World War 1 over former Ottoman and German territories in the Middle East, Africa, and Pacific.
The document provides an overview of different forms of European imperialism between the 19th and early 20th centuries. Formal colonies established direct rule, protectorates granted nominal autonomy to local rulers who were actually controlled by imperial powers, and spheres of influence divided control of regions without formal occupation. The 1915-1916 agreements and 1919 Treaty of Versailles formalized control over former Ottoman lands. Resistance to imperialism emerged across Arab lands, Africa, and India in the form of nationalist movements and intellectuals seeking independence.
This document outlines objectives for understanding the US involvement in WWI. It discusses Wilson's initial neutrality policy, events like the sinking of the Lusitania that drew the US closer to supporting the Allies, and the content of the Zimmermann Telegram intercepted by Britain that proposed a German alliance with Mexico against the US and contributed to the US declaration of war in 1917. The objectives cover understanding US wartime leadership and mobilization as well as the costs and actions taken to prepare the nation for war.
The document summarizes the key events leading up to and during World War 1. It discusses the rise of militarism, imperialism and nationalism in Europe in the late 19th century which increased tensions between the major powers and led to the formation of opposing alliances. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 triggered a series of events that started World War 1. The war became a bloody stalemate using modern industrial warfare techniques across trenches in France and Belgium. It ended in 1918 with the defeat of the Central Powers.
The document summarizes the history of the modern Middle East from World War I to present day. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire sided with Germany in WWI and the rise of nationalism in the region. After the war, Britain and France made secret agreements like the Sykes-Picot Treaty to divide former Ottoman lands, while also making conflicting promises to Arab leaders. New nation-states were formed under the League of Nations mandate system, with ongoing tensions around borders and independence. Conflict over Israel/Palestine has been a long-term issue, and the region has experienced various regime changes and instability in places like Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan.
The document summarizes the history of several Middle Eastern countries from the early 20th century to present day. It outlines key events in Iraq like the establishment of its first parliament in 1925 and several military coups. For Iran it notes the Shah dynasty and rise of Ayatollah Khomeini. Israel/Palestine events like the Balfour Declaration and occupation of territories are mentioned. Afghanistan's history from British occupation to the Soviet withdrawal and Taliban rule is briefly described. It concludes by posing questions about bringing stability, democracy and a Palestinian state to the region.
Monsoon Asia is a diverse region that covers East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. It is home to over half of the world's population, with China and India alone accounting for over a third. The region's climate and geography are dominated by monsoon patterns that influence agriculture. Major religions that originated in the region include Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism. European colonization shaped the region's modern political boundaries and economic development, though many newly independent countries still struggle with poverty and inequality. Geopolitical issues include nationalism, nuclear proliferation, and security concerns related to terrorism.
South and eastern asia lesson speed unitsonyameverett
The document provides information about the religions, populations, and geography of Southern and Eastern Asia. It discusses the populations and cultures of countries like China, India, Vietnam, and Japan. It notes that over one third of the world's population lives in China and India, and that many Asians live in rural areas and work in agriculture. The document also provides details about religions in the region like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.
An analysis of factors effecting rice production in indiaTushar Sharma
In this paper a broad study is completed to appraise the rice production in India in light of present and historical information. The critical components concentrated on are, land utilized, fertilizer, rainfall and production separately. To study the strength of interdependence between the factors and estimation of production multivariate correlation analysis and regression analysis have been applied.
South East Asia has two main subregions - the Asian mainland and numerous islands. It has two peninsulas - Indochina and the Malay Peninsula. Myanmar is the largest country in the region. The climate differs from other parts of Asia due to monsoons bringing wet and dry seasons. Tropical climates are found along coastal areas of some countries. While geography, climate, and history vary, the region faces common challenges today including population growth, lack of job opportunities, and pollution.
China has a large population and land area, ranking third in the world in land area. China's population is the largest in the world, accounting for over 20% of the global population. China has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades and now has one of the largest economies in the world by GDP. China is a world leader in many industrial and agricultural outputs.
The document provides an overview of Monsoon Asia, including its history, culture, population, economy, geography, climate, and vegetation. Some key points are:
- Early civilizations arose in the Indus River Valley in 2500 BC and parts of the region were later united into empires before being colonized by European powers.
- The culture is very diverse with influences across languages, traditions, arts, and religion including Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, and others.
- The population of over 3.7 billion makes up over half of the world's people across many countries. The economy involves both farming and modern industry.
- Geographically, the region spans mountains like the Himalayas and contains major
Asia is the largest continent, covering one third of the world's land area. It has highly diverse geography, including mountain ranges like the Himalayas, plateaus, rivers, and deserts. Asia has a variety of climates from tropical to polar. It is home to over half of the world's population and has seen rapid population growth in recent decades. While some areas like East Asia have highly developed industrialized economies, others struggle with development issues and poverty. The region faces ongoing political and territorial disputes that have led to conflicts.
Asian Cultural TraditionsChapter 1 Asia as cultured placeThe .docxfestockton
Asian Cultural Traditions
Chapter 1: Asia as cultured place
The chapter commences with provision of physical map of Asia and touches three main countries and that is India, china and japan. China is thought to be largest but when compared to the India, it is small land on the periphery of Jambu. Japan on the other hand is a central land in the ocean.
The region is very rich in terms of culture and has both sacred and political cultural meaning and as per description of Chikafusa play the central importance.
The author also illustrate in detail how the country or the continents were formed from a disaster caused by slow motion collision of India and Eurasia.
It is quite clear that the formation of these countries was a result of natural disasters which separated them. The Collison altered landforms through compressing and distorting earth crust.
There are authorities in charge and people are practices farming and livestock keeping as they engaged in trade and they experienced conflict especially in boundary areas. Several concepts also emerges out of this landforms and they include
Rivers
These regions cannot be defined effectively without looking at the water bodies. One of them are rivers which are said to have one source.
The great collision divides china into region and that is north and south china where two rivers which are Huanghe and Yangzi. North China is known for winter, wheat production and people struggling with life through powdery soil.
South China on the other hand, has enough rainfall, green land, full of bamboo, water buffalo, tea and rice.
River Huanghe or the yellow river seems to be a problematic to the people instead of benefitting them and the main problem is that the river breaks its bank and farmers are affected by the floods. It has been the duty of the government to construct dikes that will prevent flood from reaching the farmers.
Yangzi on the other hand is a blessing to the country since it has commercial benefits and it has contributed to development of the major cities like shanghai.
These two rivers only flowed from west to east and rulers decided to create rivers that world flow from north to south of china for more economic benefits especially in growing rice.
Apart from economic benefit, the rivers have cultural impact and Hindus for instance do not only bath in river Ganges for dirt purposes but also cleanse their sins in the holy water.
The Outer Ring of Islands
In the southeast of Asia, there are group of islands which make up the Philippines and Indonesia. All these islands emerge due to volcanism taking place and split the land although thousands of people lose their lives.
At the end, several islands are formed and they include Singapore, Malaysia, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Bali and others.
The only benefit of these volcano eruptions is fertile soils which attracts people to settle for agriculture purposes.
Before looking at the life of people in the region, the author discusses another imp ...
Populations in East and Southeast Asia are growing rapidly but slowing in China due to the one child policy. Most people live in crowded coastal areas, river valleys, and cities. The region has significant ethnic and religious diversity, with major belief systems including Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, Islam, and Christianity. Traditional arts include painting, calligraphy, architecture, poetry, music, dance, and theater, while lifestyles blend traditional and modern influences like education, family, and housing.
China has a large variety of climates and landforms ranging from snow-covered mountains to warm beaches. Most Chinese people live in densely populated coastal plains in eastern China that make up only 3% of China's total land area. Major rivers include the Yellow River and Yangtze River. China has a large population and is a developing country with important natural resources like coal, iron ore, and copper that fuel its growing economy.
This document outlines the topics to be covered in two faculty seminars on renewable and non-renewable resources and population and the environment. It lists the units and lectures to be presented by two faculty members, Shri Sandeep S. Kulkarni and Ms. Mamata M. Tendulkar. It also includes details on map reading and map filling sessions. Finally, it provides a question bank related to Unit II on renewable and non-renewable resources, covering topics such as the classification of resources, limitations of resources, importance of water and forest, and conservation of water, forest and energy.
This chapter discusses two major revolutions - agricultural and industrial - that changed human processes and shaped world regions. It examines how hunter-gatherers lived with minimal environmental impact compared to settled agricultural societies. Population growth accelerated with improved food production during the Agricultural Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought further technological changes and environmental impacts. Levels of development vary globally, with more developed countries concentrated in higher latitudes. Measuring development, theories on why some nations are wealthy or poor, and environmental consequences of underdevelopment are reviewed. Human population dynamics, including birth/death rates, demographic transitions, and migration patterns, are also analyzed along with debates around potential overpopulation issues. Solutions proposed include both reducing birth rates through family planning and allowing higher death
Natural resources include living resources like forests and animals, and non-living resources like soil, land and water. They can be classified as renewable like forests, or non-renewable like minerals. Forests provide timber, fuel, habitat, regulate climate and water cycles. Deforestation due to shifting cultivation, grazing, agriculture and industry damages the environment by causing soil erosion, reducing biodiversity, and disrupting nutrient cycles. Water is essential for life and circulates through the hydrological cycle of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and infiltration into groundwater aquifers or surface water bodies like rivers and lakes that are important for agriculture, industry, and domestic use.
This document discusses options for youth catchers' equipment that meet objectives of both safety and secure fit. It recommends the Easton M5 QwikFit hockey-style helmet as a good choice, balancing protection, visibility, comfort, and ease of adjustment through its click-and-pull mechanism. Further content on HelpWriting.net would provide more details on additional protective gear like chest protectors and shin guards that complete an effective set of safety equipment for young catchers.
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION – CONCEPT, CLASSES AND LINKAGESProf Ashis Sarkar
Environmental degradation (ED) is the condition whereby the quality, usefulness and stability of the environment is reduced or destroyed by human activities. This leads to the destruction of plants and animals on our planet earth. It limits human ability to meet the basic needs as well. It reduces soil fertility, and makes the water dirty and the air unhealthy.
Fundamentally, ED is a manifest of the dynamic inter play of physical (flood, cyclone, cloud burst, sub-aerial erosion, earthquake, volcanism, tsunami, etc), economic (market, level and pattern of economic development, transport, etc), social (population, poverty, urbanization, etc), institutional and technological activities. Normally, environmental changes are driven by a large number of factors including economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensification of agriculture, rising energy use and transportation.
Land degradation, deforestation, wetland degradation, pollution of air, water and soil, and wild life destruction are the broad types of ED. Each one of these is a direct function of population and poverty. Poverty bears a deep linkage with ED both in the rural and urban settings, and it still remains a problem at the root of almost all kinds of the global environmental issues. The current presentation makes herewith an attempt to explore the salient features of ED in the contemporary world in a thematic way.
Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia located south of China, east of India and north of Australia. It consists of mainland Southeast Asia as well as maritime Southeast Asia. The physical features include mountains which create geographical barriers and fertile soil, as well as significant rivers which are important for transportation, communication, and agriculture. The dominant religion in Southeast Asia is Buddhism, which originated in India, while other religions in the region include Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity.
Water and waste water treatment opportunity in indiatrade-gov-il
India faces significant challenges in water and waste water treatment due to its large population, varied climate and geography. The government has implemented initiatives like the 11th Five Year Plan to improve infrastructure and public-private partnerships for water projects. There is substantial market opportunity in water and waste water treatment given India's population of over 1.2 billion people and the need to improve access to clean water.
The document summarizes the physical geography, history, culture, and current state of the Indian subcontinent and its neighboring countries. It describes the region's mountain ranges, river systems, climate zones, and how they have shaped settlement and agriculture. It provides an overview of the major empires and civilizations that have risen and fallen across the subcontinent over millennia, and how the British came to dominate the region politically and economically in modern times. Religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam are discussed in relation to their influence on culture and society. Challenges facing modern India and its neighbors like large populations, poverty, and political conflicts are also highlighted.
South Asia is a diverse region bounded by the Himalayan mountains and Indian Ocean. It has high population densities and poverty is widespread in both rural and urban areas. The region contains various landforms including mountainous regions, fertile plains, and coastal areas. The climate is influenced by seasonal monsoons. South Asia has a long history and was home to ancient river valley civilizations. The British colonized the region politically and economically until independence movements led to the partitioning of India and Pakistan in 1947. South Asia faces issues related to population pressures, environmental degradation, and ethnic/religious tensions.
The document discusses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) created by the United Nations in 2015. The 17 goals aim to eliminate poverty, hunger, disease, and climate change by 2030. Progress has already been made in reducing poverty, hunger, and disease in recent decades. The UNDP works with countries around the world to achieve the ambitious goals by 2030.
This document is the illustrated edition of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights published by the United Nations in several languages. It was created through a partnership between artist Yacine Ait Kaci, the UN Regional Information Centre, and the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. The drawings in the edition are copyrighted but the text can be reproduced and translated freely provided the UN emblem is removed and proper credits are included.
This document discusses a lecture given by Richard H. Helmholz on the topic of Magna Carta and the law of nature. The lecture explores possible connections between Magna Carta, which was enacted in 1215, and principles of natural law as understood at that time and for centuries afterward. While recent scholarship has been skeptical of portraying Magna Carta as guaranteeing broad human rights or natural law, the lecture examines whether the enactment of Magna Carta could be connected to contemporary understandings of justice and natural law. The lecture acknowledges limitations in proving conclusions definitively but aims to reasonably infer connections from evidence in Magna Carta's clauses based on natural law perspectives current at the time, rather than an
James Madison proposed the Bill of Rights in response to calls for more protections of basic liberties in the newly ratified Constitution. The first ten amendments were ratified in 1791 and guarantee freedoms like speech, religion, press, trial rights, search and seizure protections, and the right to bear arms. The Bill of Rights plays a central role in American law and government and protects fundamental rights and values of the nation.
Feudal strength! henry ii and the struggle for royal control inlschmidt1170
Henry II faced the challenge of reasserting royal authority over powerful feudal barons who had gained influence and control over lands during the chaotic reign of King Stephen. Henry worked to curb the barons' power by destroying unauthorized castles and establishing a centralized system of common law with the crown at its head. Through military prowess and administrative reforms, Henry was largely successful in reclaiming royal power, expanding the authority of the monarchy in legal matters and its relationship with the church. However, the difficulties of controlling a vast feudal empire remained immense for even a skilled ruler like Henry.
The Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the US government, known as Congress, which is made up of the Senate and House of Representatives. It outlines the composition and election process for both chambers, as well as their powers and responsibilities. These include the ability to create laws, approve the federal budget, declare war, and impeach and remove the president or other federal officials from office. The Constitution also establishes the basic framework for how legislation is passed and how the executive branch, through the president, can veto bills.
The document summarizes the Bill of Rights, which was ratified on December 15, 1791. It outlines the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, which aim to protect individual liberties and limit the powers of the federal government. The amendments establish protections for freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, gun ownership, due process, fair trials, and prohibit cruel and unusual punishment. They also reserve powers not delegated to the federal government to the states and people.
Denis haley catherine douglas geneaology 1793 to 1989lschmidt1170
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document lists various human features including states, provinces, cities, water features like rivers and lakes, and landforms found in Eastern North America. It includes 24 US states and provinces and over 50 cities located within them. The water features section lists 9 rivers, 5 bays/other bodies of water, and 5 Great Lakes. The landforms section names 7 islands and 5 mountain ranges as well as 3 peninsulas in the region.
This document provides information about a 14-week online physical geography course taught by Professor Lisa Schmidt. The course will cover basic elements of geography including climate, landforms, water, soils, plants and animals. Students will study these topics and their global patterns. Assignments include weekly discussions, chapter quizzes, map quizzes and four exams. The course aims to give students an understanding of the earth's physical systems and human relationships with the environment.
This document provides information for a geography lab course including:
- Details about the instructor, their contact information, office hours and the class schedule.
- Prerequisites, required textbooks and additional materials needed for the course.
- The student learning outcomes and course objectives focused on understanding physical geography concepts.
- Expectations for labs, exams, grading criteria and policies on absences, tardiness, disruptions and academic honesty.
- Resources available to support student success and an overview of what geography is as a field of study.
This document provides an overview and syllabus for a physical geography course. It outlines that students will learn about the basic elements of geography, including climate, landforms, water, soils, plants and animals. They will examine the relationships between these elements and their worldwide distribution patterns. The course will cover four environmental spheres - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Students will take exams, quizzes on textbook chapters and maps, and do a presentation on a physical geography topic. The syllabus details course policies on grading, attendance and academic honesty.
This document provides an overview of a physical geography course. It outlines the course objectives which are to introduce students to basic concepts in physical geography including the four environmental spheres of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. It details required textbooks, exams, quizzes, assignments, and presentations for the course. Students are expected to demonstrate understanding of geographic concepts and the distribution of natural phenomena through map studies. The syllabus emphasizes academic honesty and provides contact information for the professor.
2. 7 South and East Asia At A Glance
Regional Profile
One-quarter of the earth’s landmass
Half the world’s population
3.6 billion people
Subregions
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
4. Comparison in Area and Latitude
South and East Asia vs. Conterminous U.S.
5. 7.1.1 Demographic Heavyweights
Region is home to 54% of world’s population
China and India together have 2.4 billion people,
or 37% of the world’s total
Places with high urban densities
Hong Kong
Macao
Singapore
8. 7.1.2 Population Growth Patterns
Not possible to generalize about population
growth in Monsoon Asia
Wide Range from 0% (Japan) to 3.3% (Timor-Leste)
Primarily LDCs in the region
Postindustrial Japan worries about its declining
population
China’s “one-child policy”
India should overtake China as world’s most populous
country in 2040
Wildcard is HIV/AIDS
9.
10. 7.2 Physical Geography & Human Adaptations
Inner Arc
World’s highest mountain ranges, plateaus, and basins
Middle Arc
Lower mountains, hill lands, river plains, and basins
Outer Eastern Arc
Islands and seas
Archipelagoes (clusters of islands)
East Indies
Philippines
Japan
11. 7.2.1 Climate and Vegetation
Monsoon Asia is characterized generally by a
warm, well-watered climate
Climate Types in Region
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Savanna
Humid Subtropical
Warm Humid Continental
Cold Humid Continental
Desert
Steppe
Subarctic
Undifferentiated Highland
14. 7.2.2 The Monsoons
Monsoons are the prevailing sea-to-land and land-
to-sea winds
Wet Summer Monsoon
High humidity, moist air, predictable rains
Even more precipitation where there is elevation
Dry Winter Monsoon
Land loses relative warmth while the sea and coastal waters
stay warm longer
Wind shifts and air masses flow from inland areas to sea
Long dry season, except for Japan
18. 7.2.3 Agricultural Adaptations
Many soils are infertile
High temperatures and heavy rains
Rapid leaching of mineral nutrients
Decomposition of organic matter
Many soils will not support more than one or two
poor harvests
19. 7.2.4 The Importance of Rice
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
Built around growing of cereals, especially rice
Shifting Cultivation
Capable of sustaining only small populations for brief
periods of time
Wet Rice Cultivation
Capable of producing 2-3 crops per year
Can sustain large populations over long periods of time
Lowland Floodplains and Upland Terraces
21. 7.2.5 Agriculture and Culture
Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation
People overpopulation in Nepal
No room left in the Terai, so people clear and cultivate
steep lands on which it is impossible to build terraces
Heavy monsoon rains cause relentless erosion
Eroded plots cannot be cultivated again
Landslides occur downslope, causing loss of life
Increased sediment load causes rivers to swell out of
banks
Flooding downstream in Bangladesh
22. 7.2.6 Where Asians Live
38% of region’s population
is urban
Tokyo is the world’s largest
city (37 million)
62% of region’s population
is rural
Main unit of Asian settlement
is the village
Lowland villages tend to be
situated on natural levees,
dikes, or raised mounds
Pronounced Rural-to-Urban
Migration
24. 7.3 Cultural & Historical Geographies
Cultural Developments from Monsoon Asia
First movable printing type (Korea)
Gunpowder, paper, silk, and porcelain (China)
Faiths of Hinduism and Buddhism (India)
Domesticated plants and animals
Rice
Cabbage
Chickens
Water Buffalo
Zebu Cattle
Pigs
25. 7.3.1 Ethnic and Linguistic Patterns
Ethnic and linguistic composition is rich and complex
Language Families
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
Altaic
Austric
Dravidian
Papuan
27. 7.3.2 Religions & Philosophical Movements
Two Great Hearths of Religion
Middle East
Monsoon Asia
Belief systems practiced by 25 percent of the world’s
population originated in this region
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Daoism
Other Practices
Shintoism
Ancestor Veneration
Animism
30. 7.3.2 Religions & Philosophical Movements
Hinduism
Lacks a definite creed or theology
Social hierarchy of the caste system
Practice rituals to honor deities
Brahman the Creator
Vishnu the Preserver
Shiva the Destroyer
Believe in reincarnation and transmigration of souls
Ganges is a sacred river
Belief that it springs from the matted hair of the god Shiva
Many elderly go to die in this city and be cremated where
ashes can be strewn in holy waters
32. 7.3.2 Religions & Philosophical Movements
Buddhism
Based on life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
Buddha was born a prince in 563 B.C.E. in northern India
Rejected precepts of Hinduism, including caste system
Four Noble Truths
Life is suffering
All suffering is caused by ignorance of the nature of reality
End suffering by overcoming ignorance and attachment
Suppression of suffering through the Noble Eightfold Path
Karma (person’s acts and consequences)
Goal is to attain nirvana
Transcendent state in which one is able to escape the
cycle of birth and rebirth and all the suffering it brings
Theravada and Mahayana Branches
34. 7.3.3 Effects of European Colonization
Portugal and Spain were first to extend economic and
political control over South and Southeast Asia
Colonies
British India, Burma, Ceylon, Malaya, Borneo
Dutch East Indies
French Indochina
Portuguese Goa and Diu in India, Macau & Timor
Western domination of Asia ended in 20th Century
After WWII, colonial possessions gained independence
Hong Kong returned by Britain to China in 1997
Macau returned by Portugal to China in 1999
36. 7.4 Economic Geography
World’s Fastest-Growing Economies
China is ranked #2
Japan is ranked #4
Many hundreds of millions of people remain poor
Growing gap between rich and poor
Asian Tigers
Strong, industrialized export-oriented economies
South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore
New Asian Tigers in Southeast Asia
Japan leads Asia in value-added manufacturing
37. 7.4.1 China’s Surging Economy
4th-largest economy in terms of GDP
2nd-largest economy in terms of GDP PPP
Average annual growth rate of 10% since 1990
China is making a little bit of everything
Three-quarters of all toys sold in U.S.
3rd largest manufacturer of personal computers
Joined the World Trade Organization in 2001
39. 7.4.2 China’s Economic Impact
Surging investment in China is linked to
disinvestment elsewhere, especially in SE Asia
China has eclipsed the United States as Asia’s
most essential trading partner
China is the epicenter of prolific Asian trade in
pirated products
40. 7.4.3 The Green Revolution
Use science to increase food yields
Stave off hunger
Generate export income
Biotechnology
Malaysia’s Biovalley
Indonesia’s Bioisland
Problems
Financial obstacles
Economic dislocations
Large infusions of agricultural chemicals
Reduction of genetic variability of crops
41. 7.5 Geopolitical Issues
Principal Geopolitical Concerns
Nuclear Weapons
Islamist Terrorism
Security of Shipping Lanes
Asia is emerging as center of gravity
Challenge century-long primacy of the U.S. in world affairs
42. 7.5.1 Nationalism & Nuclear Weapons
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
Prohibition of all nuclear testing
Signed by 149 nations and went into effect in 1996
India and Pakistan did not sign the treaty
India and Pakistan
In 1998, India conducted 3 underground nuclear tests in
the Thar Desert
Pakistan followed with six nuclear tests
Fear of Mutually Assured Destruction
Pivotal Countries
Collapse would cause international migration, war, pollution,
disease epidemics, or other problems
43. 7.5.2 U.S.-Pakistan Relations Since 9/11
Pakistani president dropped support for Taliban and allowed
the U.S. to use the country to prepare for the assault on the
Taliban and al-Qa’ida in Afghanistan
The United States forgave much of Pakistan’s debt and lifted
its sanctions against Pakistan
U.S. also lifted its post-nuclear test sanctions against
India
Semiautonomous federally administered tribal areas
Pashtun are sympathetic to the causes of their Taliban
ethnic kin and their al-Qa’ida spiritual kin
Opposition to American interests
45. 7.5.3 What Does North Korea Want?
A Reunited Korea?
Would remove other countries’ justifications for
building up their defenses
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Antimissile defensive shield over the United States
North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons Program
North Korea included in George W. Bush’s “Axis of Evil”
The only leverage North Korea has had to coax
desperately needed supplies from abroad
47. 7.5.4 Islands, Sea Lanes, and Islamists
Indonesia as potential new hearth for al-Qa’ida
Predominantly Muslim population, including extremists
Islamist organizations like Laskar Jihad and Jemaah Islamiah
Largely poor
Remote locales suitable for making weapons
Regions the government is unwilling or unable to control
American interests in Indonesia
Oil and Natural Gas
Copper Resources
International Shipping Lanes
48. 7.6.1 South Asia: Afghanistan
Sometimes placed in Central Asia, sometimes the Middle East
Land of limited resources, poor internal transportation, and little foreign trade
Opium poppy is most successful crop, accounting for >90% of world’s opium
The Soviet War in Afghanistan
The U.S. and moderate Arab states such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia lent
support to Afghanistan against the USSR
After their victory against the Soviets, the most militant Islamists turned their
attention to the U.S. and its Middle Eastern allies
Osama bin Laden developed “the base” (al-Qa’ida in Arabic), which trained
an estimated 10,000 fighters, and was responsible for many spectacular
acts of terrorism, including 9/11
The Taliban
After overthrowing Communist government in 1992, the formerly united
Afghan rebels engaged in civil warfare. By 1996, a rebel faction known as
the Taliban gained control of most of the country
Imposed a strict code of Islamic law in the region
After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. engaged in a “war against
terrorism,” targeting both the Taliban and al-Qa’ida for elimination
49. 7.6.2 South Asia:
Faith, Sectarianism, and Strife
India and Pakistan
The Indian subcontinent features great religious differences between the two
largest religious groups (Hindus and Muslims)
In 1947, religious discord led to creation of 2 countries (India and Pakistan)
Kashmir
Disputed province straddling border of India, Pakistan, and China
Contains the upper portion of the Indus River and many of its tributaries
Sri Lanka
Two major ethnic groups:
Sinhalese, Buddhist, about 75 percent of population
Tamils, Hindu, about 10 percent of population
Discontent with economic and political conditions, especially minority Tamils
Between 1983 and 2009, more than 70,000 deaths have resulted from the
Tamils’ fight for autonomy or independence from Sinhalese government
Tamil Tigers: Tamil fighters wishing to help establish their own homeland
51. 7.6.3 South Asia: The Caste System
Hindus believe every individual is born into a caste, or
social subgroup that determines rank and role in society
The lowest group in the caste system are the Dalits, once known
as untouchables, accounting for about 20 percent of all Hindus
In 1950, India’s constitution outlawed the caste system
52. 7.6.4 South Asia: India
India’s Population Surge Since Independence
Predicted to overtake China as world’s most populous country by 2040
Half of its population is younger than 25
40% of its population is “abjectly poor”
Agricultural output has increased in South Asia since independence
“Ration shops” sell subsidized food staples to country’s poorest
Agricultural success due mainly to:
Increased use of artificial fertilizers
Introduction of new high-yield varieties of wheat and rice
More labor from growing rural population
Spread of education
Development of government extension institutions
60% of India’s farmland still rain-fed, and when monsoons fail to deliver
necessary water, farmers can be driven to drastic measure, including the sale
of wives and daughters, or suicide
There is a need to improve the status of women in India
Practice of dowries and ramifications of this tradition
53. 7.6.5 South Asia:
Bangladesh and Maldives
Bangladesh
Formerly known as East Pakistan
Small but heavily populated nation
Subject to catastrophic flooding
Frequent Hurricanes
Increased runoff from the
Himalayas due to deforestation
Aerial view of Male, the capital
Concerns about climate change of the Maldives, revealing just
and rising sea levels how vulnerable the site is to
The Maldives storms and sea level rise.
Tropical paradise made up of roughly 1,100 islands
More than 60% foreign-currency earnings from tourism
80% of its limited land area is less than 3 feet above sea level
Could become completely submerged as a result of climate change
54. 7.6.6 Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Myanmar
(formerly Burma)
Thailand
Laos
Cambodia
Vietnam
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia
Timor-Leste
(formerly East Timor)
Brunei
The Philippines
55. 7.6.7 Issues Facing SE Asia’s Physical Geography
Deforestation
Aggressive export of region’s tropical hardwoods
Clearing of land for use as palm oil plantations
Many forests and peat bogs are cleared by burning, emitting CO 2
Indonesia now world’s 5th largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions
Many plants and animals in these forests are endemic species
The Great Tsunami of 2004
On December 26, 2004, a huge 9.3 magnitude earthquake off the
northwestern coast of Sumatra, resulted in some of the deadliest
tsunamis in recorded history
Total dead exceeded 200,000
Greatest number of deaths (over 130,000) occurred in Indonesia
As many as 2 million people made homeless by this disaster
Installation of an early warning system in the Indian Ocean region
became a priority, and was completed in 2006
56. The 2004 Sumatra Earthquake and Tsunami
Banda Aceh, Indonesia before (left) and after (right) the tsunami
57. 7.6.8 Southeast Asia: Myanmar
Myanmar (formerly Burma)
Constant civil war since independence from British Commonwealth in 1948
Since 1999, the government has been reaching cease-fire agreements
with most of the country’s ethnic groups
One of the world’s most repressive places to live
Access to Internet prohibited until 1999, and still strictly regulated
Foreign journalists banned
Citizens may not allow foreigners into their homes
Illegal to gather outside in groups of more than five
Struck by a category 4 hurricane on May 2, 2008
More than 135,000 deaths, 2.5 million homes lost; Foreign aid banned,
journalists barred entry, so real impacts of tragedy may never be known
U.S. economic sanctions against Myanmar
Response to Nobel Peace Prize laureate Aung San Suu Kyi being placed
under house arrest by the government
Many American corporations have withdrawn
Have sanctions pushed Myanmar toward China and North Korea?
58. 7.6.9 Sex, Drugs, and Health in SE Asia
One of world’s main source areas for opium & heroin
Golden Triangle
Vernacular region comprised of borderlands where
Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar historically exercised
little control over their territories
Absence of strong government presence and
ideal growing conditions led to explosive growth
in drug production
Primary delivery of heroin is via shared needles, which has
contributed to an AIDS epidemic
Epidemic has spread even more quickly through the sex industry
An estimated 26% of prostitutes are HIV infected, more than
three times the rate in Thailand
Thailand has run an increasingly successful anti-AIDS public
awareness campaign, and made condoms available to the
population, helping slow the spread of the infection
59. 7.6.10 Vietnam
France conquered Indochina (1858-1907) and turned Mekong River into an
area of commercial rice production
Japanese forces overran French Indochina in 1941, which led to five decades
of warfare in the area
During WWII, a Communist movement led by Ho Chi Minh led to a French
withdrawal from Indochina, creating: Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam, and
South Vietnam
Vietnam War
North Vietnam allied first with Communist China, then Soviet Union
Viet Cong, a Communist force supported by North Vietnam, was increasingly
successful in its bid to reunify the country
U.S. intervened, sending 500,000 troops to South Vietnam by 1965
More than 3 million Vietnamese soldiers and civilians, and about 58,000 U.S.
soldiers and staff perished in the Vietnam War; there are still 1,948 Americans
listed as MIA
In 1973, most American forces were withdrawn
North Vietnam completed conquest of South Vietnam in 1975
Repression of those who assisted Americans led to mass outpouring of refugees
Vietnam has restored parts of its war-torn landscape, now attracts eco-tourism
60. 7.6.11 Indonesia
Indonesia’s credo is “One country. One people. One language.”
Constitution officially recognizes four faiths
Islam
Christianity
Hinduism
Buddhism
Presence of some 300 different ethnic groups has made it difficult
to attain peace, order, and unity
Malay is official language, but 200+ languages/dialects in use
Largest ethnic group is Javanese, making up 41% of the population
Various groups in outer islands have resented Javanese dominance
After promises of liberal autonomy, Indonesian government shifted to
using an iron fist against any province aspiring to follow East Timor
The independent country of Timor-Leste (East Timor) was a
Portuguese possession occupied by Indonesia
Indonesian government had long struggled with East Timor’s
Catholics, but East Timor did gain independence
61. 7.6.11 Indonesia (continued)
Province of Aceh
Located at northernmost tip of Sumatra
Predominantly Muslim people of Malayan ethnicity, began
seeking independence from Indonesia in 1976
Indonesian government had made them a promise of
autonomy in 1949 but failed to keep it
After years of violent clashes, devastation wrought by the
2004 tsunami caused international sympathy for Aceh
While they have not achieved independence from
Indonesia, Aceh was allowed to adopt Islamic sharia law,
and granted other freedoms
Progress in Aceh leads to hopes for a similar future in Papua
Home to 3 million people of 200 different tribes speaking 100
different languages
They have little in common with Javanese Muslims who
control them from 2,500 miles away
62. 7.6.12 Han Colonization of China’s Wild West
China’s growth as a land empire has involved
Subjugation of people who are not ethnic Han
Colonization of those ethnic areas by ethnic Han
Are at least 56 non-Han ethnic groups in China
Like the Soviets did, China’s Communist government granted token recognition
of five large minorities by creating autonomous regions:
Guangxi
Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia)
Ningxia
Xizang (Tibet)
Xinjiang
Western Big Development Project
Objective is to improve locals’ livelihoods enough to
diminish their desire for ethnic and political separatism
Tibet has long struggled for independence
The Dalai Lama:
Is the spiritual and political leader of Lamaism, or Tibetan Buddhism
Was forced to flee to India after a revolt in 1959
Continues to make peaceful, non-violent appeals for Tibetan freedom
63. 7.6.13 The Three Gorges Dam
The Chang Jiang (Yangtze River) has been central to China’s identity and welfare for
thousands of years
Delivers water and fertile soils, which has enabled intensive rice and wheat
farming
Flooding in August 1998 affected 300 million people
Sun Yat-Sen proposed a giant dam on the river back in 1919
Advantages: Flood control, drought relief, hydroelectricity production
The Three Gorges (Sanzxia) Dam was begun in 1994 and completed in 2009
The largest dam ever built
Allows for greatly improved shipping of goods
Includes the world’s largest hydropower plant
Negative consequences:
The reservoir formed behind the dam has inundated 4,000 villages, 140 towns,
13 cities, numerous archeological sites, and nearly 160 sq miles of farmland
Erased a beautiful wild river, which had been an important tourist attraction
Shifting of weight of great quantities of water may have seismic consequences
Growing scientific evidence that devastating magnitude 8.0 earthquake of
May 12, 2008 may have been triggered by the weight of the reservoir
64. China’s Recent Hydrologic Feats
Changed landscape of the
Three Gorges Dam (left)
Map showing
areas affected by the
Three Gorges Dam and
the Chang Jiang Water
Transfer Project (right)
65. 7.6.14 Chang Jiang Water Transfer Project
China has one of the world’s lowest per capita water supplies and most
uneven distributions of water
More than 40% of the population is in the north, but less than 15%
of the water is there
Engineers see water transfer on a massive scale as the way to redress
this imbalance
One project is the transfer of seawater through a pipeline to dried
up salt lakes and desert basins of Xinjiang
The hope is that water evaporation will induce rainfall
Another project under consideration will move water from south to
north, merging basins of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River
Chinese leaders view this project with trepidation
Relocation of large groups of people might create social unrest
Uncertainty over what negative impacts this project could have
on the environment
66. 7.6.15 What’s Next for Industrial China?
China’s economy has been booming, but it does have weaknesses:
There is little freedom of expression
Computer / Internet use is censored
Cell phone use is increasing, but is monitored
Fear of a collapse of the economic bubble, similar to what was
seen in the U.S.
China’s air and waters are severely polluted, but they are
planning to make strides in becoming greener
China is the world’s largest producer of carbon dioxide
Economic growth not distributed evenly throughout population
Cities characterized by a two-tiered society of legal residents
and nonresidents
Financially prohibitive for nonresidents to obtain resident status
Working conditions for nonresidents are often very poor
67. 7.6.16 Taiwan
Island of 14,000 square miles and 23 million people, separated
from South China by the 100-mile wide Taiwan Strait
Long struggle between the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan’s
Republic of China as to who has sovereignty over the other
In 1949, Chinese National Government fled to Taiwan with
remnants of its armed forces and many civilian followers. The
government reestablished itself with a capital at Taipei
United inexpensive Taiwanese labor with foreign capital to build one
of Asia’s first urban-industrial countries
Strong export-oriented economy driven by electronics and machinery
Avg Taiwanese citizen 4x wealthier than avg mainland Chinese citizen
Major hurdle for stronger growth is a lack of native energy resources
One China Policy
U.S. backed the Nationalist claim until 1970s, when it developed closer
relations with the People’s republic.
U.S. supported the revocation of Taiwan’s UN seat in 1971
In 1979, the U.S. withdrew its official recognition of Taiwan, recognizing
China’s claim of sovereignty.
68. 7.6.17 Japan
The Japanese “Miracle”
Japan became an economic superpower after its defeat in World War II
Possible reasons for this include:
Japan was never colonized by Western powers
An intense spirit of achievement and enterprise among the Japanese
Japan’s geography as a resource-poor island nation fostered an attitude of
working hard to overcome constraints placed on them by nature
Strong educational system emphasizes technical training
Benevolent management strategies include inclusion of employees in
decision making and lifetime employment guarantees for some workers
A high level of investment in new and efficient industrial plants
Conservative political culture is strongly business-oriented
Despite all of these favorable factors, the Japanese miracle did not last
After peaking in the mid-1980s, Japan’s bubble economy burst
Japan’s Population
Very homogeneous, with 99.5% ethnic Japanese
One of the world’s lowest birth rates, at 7 per 1,000 annually
Japan’s shrinking population will cause an increase in taxes and family
obligations to meet the needs of older citizens
70. 7.6.18 North and South Korea
Korean Peninsula is roughly the size of Minnesota
Unfortunate location in historic geopolitical terms:
Adjoins China, faces Japan across the Korea
Strait, borders Russia for a short distance
China, Russia, and Japan have frequently been
at odds with one another and the Koreans
throughout history
At end of WWII, the Soviet Union entered Pacific war
as an ally of the U.S. against Japan
Both sides drew up plans to accept Japan’s
surrender on the Korean peninsula
A line was arbitrarily drawn at the 38th parallel
Became unintended permanent boundary
On either side, Soviet Union and U.S. set up
governments friendly to themselves
Korean War (1950-1953)
Armistice was signed on July 27, 1953, by the Chinese, the North Koreans, and the
United Nations command (achieved cease fire)
Border between Koreas, called the demilitarized zone (DMZ), follows armistice line