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Progressive Presidents
- 1. Theodore Roosevelt WilliamHoward Taft Woodrow Wilson
- 2. After McKinley’s assassination ◦ “Now look, that damned cowboy is president.”—Mark Hanna Inaugurated at age 42, youngest president ever
- 3. NYC PoliceCommissioner, 1895-1897 ◦ Friend of Jacob Riis Assistant Secretary of the Navy, 1897-1898 Spanish-American War, 1898 ◦ Roosevelt’s Rough Riders Governor of New York, 1899-1900 ◦ Too progressive for many Republicans Vice President, 1901 26th President, 1901-1909
- 4. Attended Harvard DakotaRancher (1884-1887) NYC Police Commissioner (1895-1897
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- 7. Delivered a20K word address to Congress asking it to curb the power of big corporations ◦ Known as a “trust-buster” ◦ Brought 40+ anti-trust suits to court Included biggest RR at the time & Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil had to pay a $29 million fine One month in to office he invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House ◦ 1st time an African American had been invited to the WH ◦ Outraged some white southerners
- 10. Phrase usedas early as 1902; became slogan for re-election in 1904 Domestic program, 3 basic ideas: ◦ 1. Conservation of natural resources ◦ 2. Control of corporations ◦ 3. Consumer protection
- 12. Newlands Reclamation Act, 1902 ◦ 21 federal irrigation projects National Forest Service est. in 1905 Created 5 Nat’l Parks & 18 Nat’l Monuments 148 million additional acres of forest put under federal protection
- 14. The Departmentof Commerce & Labor was created in 1903Elkins Act ◦ Stopped practice of RRs giving cheaper rates to favored companies Hepburn Act ◦ Strengthened ICC Able to take on unfair practices used by RRs
- 15. Arbitration in Pennsylvania United Mine Workers strike ◦ Ended strike ◦ Higher pay & fewer hours for workers Worker’s Comp. for many federal employees in 1908
- 16. Meat InspectionAct & Pure Food and Drug Act ◦ Both were inspired by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
- 17. Was Roosevelt’s Secretary of War Expected to carry on many of Teddy Roosevelt’s reforms Set his own agenda
- 18. Filed twiceas many anti-trust suits (than T. Roosevelt) Mann-Elkins Act ◦ Allowed ICC to regulate telephone & telegraph companies Payne Aldrich Tariff ◦ Frustrated Progressives ◦ Raised rates on print paper
- 19. Est. Departmentof Labor & Federal Children’s Bureau Mine safety laws 8 hour workday for Railroad workers
- 20. Restored Alaska land to the U.S. Forest Service Protected more land than TR
- 21. More progressive than TR????? But some missteps ◦ Esp. firing of Gifford Pinchot from Forestry Service Close friend of TR ◦ Reversal on tariff reform split the GOP Gets less recognition though? Only one term Election of 1912 Later Chief Justice of SC
- 22. TR goes forthe GOP nomination but loses to Taft TR forms the Progressive Party “Bull Moose” Woodrow Wilson wins the Democratic nomination on the 46th ballot VP - WJB - President of Princeton - Governor of New Jersey
- 23. Voter Results Popular Vote Electoral Vote Wilson - 41.9% 435 Roosevelt - 27.4% 88 Taft - 23.2% 8
- 24. Took advantageof split in Republican party Promised New Freedom – place strict controls on businesses
- 25. Underwood TariffAct ◦ Cut rates from 40% to 27% Federal Reserve Act ◦ Central banking system ◦ Stabilized inflation Clayton Anti-Trust Act ◦ Exempted unions from anti-trust laws ◦ Limited injunctions Federal Trade Commission ◦ Promotes consumer protection
- 26. Federal FarmLoan Act Adamson Act ◦ 8 hour work day for interstate RR workers Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act ◦ Compensation for wages missed due to work-related injuries Keating-Owen Child Labor Act ◦ Short-lived, but prohibited sale of goods produced by factories that employed children under the age of 14
- 27. 16th—1913 ◦Graduated Income Tax ◦ Led to reduced tariffs 17th—1913 ◦ Direct election of U.S. Senators 18th Amendment— 1920 ◦ Prohibition of alcoholic beverages 19th Amendment— 1920 ◦ Women’s suffrage