Programming basics
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This document provides an introduction to the CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming course. It defines key programming concepts like programming languages, programs, and programming. It describes different types of programming languages including assembly languages, high-level languages, and natural languages. Finally, it provides a brief history of the C programming language.
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introduction to Programming Lecture 1
This document provides an introduction and overview of programming languages. It discusses the different types of programming languages including machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages. It also outlines the components of programming languages, such as syntax and semantics. Finally, it categorizes programming languages into structured programming languages, modular programming languages, and object-oriented programming languages.
Introduction to Programming Languages
Introduction to programming languages and discussion the history of programming languages generation-wise.
introduction to programming languages
The document provides an introduction to programming languages. It discusses the different levels of programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language that are close to hardware, and high-level languages like C++, Java, and Python that are more abstract. It also covers procedural languages which specify steps to complete tasks and object-oriented languages which model real-world objects. Examples are given of popular languages from each paradigm like C, Pascal, and PHP for procedural and C++, Java, Ruby for object-oriented.
Computer languages
A computer language is used to write programs that solve problems, and can be either graphical or text-based, producing source code. Open source software makes the source code publicly available for free collaboration, while proprietary software privately owns the source code and releases only finished products for sale. Machine language uses binary digits understood by computers, and questions ask about advantages and disadvantages of open source software.
Introduction to programming
The document provides an introduction to computer programming and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a list of instructions that tells the computer what to do. All programs accept input, process data, and display output. Programming languages allow programmers to write these instructions, with earlier languages like machine code using binary and newer high-level languages using vocabulary like English. Common features of all programming languages include instructions for input, output, mathematics, conditional execution, and repetition. The document introduces the BASIC programming language as an example.
classification of computer language
There are three main types of computer languages:
1. Machine language - Understood directly by computers as binary, fast but difficult for humans.
2. Assembly language - Uses mnemonics like ADD instead of binary, easier for humans but still machine-dependent. Requires an assembler to translate to machine language.
3. High-level languages - Are machine independent, use familiar words and symbols, and require compilers or interpreters to translate to machine language. They are easier for programmers but provide less control over hardware.
Presentation1
C++ and Java are two popular programming languages. C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an enhancement to C with object-oriented capabilities. Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995 to be platform independent so applications can "write once, run anywhere". C was created by Dennis Ritchie between 1969-1973 at Bell Labs to be compiled with a straightforward compiler and provide low-level access to memory. It became widely popular due to its use in Unix operating systems.
Welcome to my presentation
This presentation provides an overview of computer programming. It defines computer programming as the iterative process of writing code to enable computers to perform tasks. The history of computer programming is discussed, noting the development of FORTRAN in 1954 as the first high-level programming language. The main categories of computer programming are then outlined, including paradigms, compiling vs interpreting, debugging, and more. The programming process of defining problems, planning solutions, coding, testing, and documenting is also summarized. Finally, the presentation concludes that computer programming is essential for smoothly controlling computers.
Recommended
introduction to Programming Lecture 1
This document provides an introduction and overview of programming languages. It discusses the different types of programming languages including machine languages, assembly languages, and high-level languages. It also outlines the components of programming languages, such as syntax and semantics. Finally, it categorizes programming languages into structured programming languages, modular programming languages, and object-oriented programming languages.
Introduction to Programming Languages
Introduction to programming languages and discussion the history of programming languages generation-wise.
introduction to programming languages
The document provides an introduction to programming languages. It discusses the different levels of programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language that are close to hardware, and high-level languages like C++, Java, and Python that are more abstract. It also covers procedural languages which specify steps to complete tasks and object-oriented languages which model real-world objects. Examples are given of popular languages from each paradigm like C, Pascal, and PHP for procedural and C++, Java, Ruby for object-oriented.
Computer languages
A computer language is used to write programs that solve problems, and can be either graphical or text-based, producing source code. Open source software makes the source code publicly available for free collaboration, while proprietary software privately owns the source code and releases only finished products for sale. Machine language uses binary digits understood by computers, and questions ask about advantages and disadvantages of open source software.
Introduction to programming
The document provides an introduction to computer programming and programming languages. It discusses that a computer program is a list of instructions that tells the computer what to do. All programs accept input, process data, and display output. Programming languages allow programmers to write these instructions, with earlier languages like machine code using binary and newer high-level languages using vocabulary like English. Common features of all programming languages include instructions for input, output, mathematics, conditional execution, and repetition. The document introduces the BASIC programming language as an example.
classification of computer language
There are three main types of computer languages:
1. Machine language - Understood directly by computers as binary, fast but difficult for humans.
2. Assembly language - Uses mnemonics like ADD instead of binary, easier for humans but still machine-dependent. Requires an assembler to translate to machine language.
3. High-level languages - Are machine independent, use familiar words and symbols, and require compilers or interpreters to translate to machine language. They are easier for programmers but provide less control over hardware.
Presentation1
C++ and Java are two popular programming languages. C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as an enhancement to C with object-oriented capabilities. Java was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995 to be platform independent so applications can "write once, run anywhere". C was created by Dennis Ritchie between 1969-1973 at Bell Labs to be compiled with a straightforward compiler and provide low-level access to memory. It became widely popular due to its use in Unix operating systems.
Welcome to my presentation
This presentation provides an overview of computer programming. It defines computer programming as the iterative process of writing code to enable computers to perform tasks. The history of computer programming is discussed, noting the development of FORTRAN in 1954 as the first high-level programming language. The main categories of computer programming are then outlined, including paradigms, compiling vs interpreting, debugging, and more. The programming process of defining problems, planning solutions, coding, testing, and documenting is also summarized. Finally, the presentation concludes that computer programming is essential for smoothly controlling computers.
Computer Languages.
This document discusses different types of computer languages. It defines low-level languages like first generation languages (1GL) which use binary and second generation languages (2GL) which use assembly code. High-level languages like third generation languages (3GL) use words and commands closer to human language. Some examples of 3GL and high-level languages mentioned are C++, Visual Basic, Java, and JavaScript. C++ is described as a middle-level language combining high and low-level features while Visual Basic is an event-driven language and integrated development environment from Microsoft.
High level and Low level Language
There are two types of programming languages: high-level languages and low-level languages. High-level languages are closer to human languages and provide more abstraction from machine-level instructions, while low-level languages like assembly language closely map to processor instructions. Programs written in high-level languages need to be translated into machine code using compilers or interpreters, while low-level language programs are assembled directly into machine code. Common examples of high-level languages include C++, Java, and Python, while assembly language and Basic are examples of low-level languages.
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The document discusses computer languages and divides them into two types: high-level languages (HLL) and low-level languages (LLL). HLL are closer to human language but require compilation, while LLL are more machine-specific but faster. Both have advantages and disadvantages - HLL are easier for humans but slower, while LLL are faster but more difficult for humans. The document concludes that modern computers now use more user-friendly languages than older low-level ones.
Computer languages and generation
Computer languages can be categorized into different generations based on their level of abstraction from machine language. First generation languages are machine languages that use binary, while assembly languages as second generation are closer to machine language with mnemonic codes. High-level languages of the third generation like FORTRAN and COBOL are easier for humans to read and write. Fourth generation languages attempt more natural language programming, and fifth generation use visual interfaces to generate code compiled by lower level languages. The key aspects of a program include variables, statements, keywords, instructions, and the ability to perform tasks through organized lists of commands.
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Computer programming languages allow humans to communicate instructions to machines like computers. The earliest programming languages predated digital computers and were used to direct machines like looms and player pianos. There are thousands of programming languages today across many domains like computer science. Programming languages require specifying computation through imperative forms like sequences of operations or declarative forms. The description of a programming language is split into syntax which defines form and semantics which defines meaning. Some languages have specification documents while others use a dominant implementation as a reference.
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C++ is an intermediate-level, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that was originally called "C with classes" as it had all the properties of C with the additional concept of classes. C is a high-level, general-purpose language that is ideal for developing firmware or portable applications and belongs to the structured, procedural paradigms of languages. Both C++ and C examples print "Hello World."
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Levels of programming languages
Programming languages can be categorized by their level of abstraction from machine language. Low-level languages have minimal abstraction and are closer to machine-understandable binary, while high-level languages are more abstract and user-friendly. Low-level languages map directly to hardware instructions but are difficult for humans, whereas high-level languages require translation to machine code but are easier for programmers. Programs transition between these levels through compilation and interpretation.
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Computer programming languages are categorized into generations based on their level of abstraction from machine language. First generation languages (1GL) use binary and operate at the machine level. Second generation languages (2GL) include assembly languages, which provide basic abstraction over 1GL. Third generation languages (3GL) use high-level statements and require compilers to translate them into machine code. Examples include C, C++, and Java. Fourth generation languages (4GL) resemble human language and are often used for database access, with SQL as a primary example. Fifth generation languages (5GL) incorporate visual programming interfaces to create programs using 3GL or 4GL code.
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2) High-level languages resemble everyday language and require less detailed computer knowledge, allowing programmers to focus on problem solving. Popular examples are BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, and newer object-oriented languages.
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This document discusses the history of computer programming and programming languages from the 1940s to present. It describes how programming has evolved from entering instructions by hand using panel switches, to using assembly languages which were translated to machine code, to the development of high-level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, and LISP in the 1950s. Important programming languages from each decade like C, BASIC, Pascal, C++, Perl, and Java are highlighted. The transition to object-oriented programming in the 1980s and web-based programming in the 1990s represented major innovations.
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This document discusses different types of computer languages. It defines low-level languages like first generation languages (1GL) which use binary and second generation languages (2GL) which use assembly code. High-level languages like third generation languages (3GL) use words and commands closer to human language. Some examples of 3GL and high-level languages mentioned are C++, Visual Basic, Java, and JavaScript. C++ is described as a middle-level language combining high and low-level features while Visual Basic is an event-driven language and integrated development environment from Microsoft.
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There are two types of programming languages: high-level languages and low-level languages. High-level languages are closer to human languages and provide more abstraction from machine-level instructions, while low-level languages like assembly language closely map to processor instructions. Programs written in high-level languages need to be translated into machine code using compilers or interpreters, while low-level language programs are assembled directly into machine code. Common examples of high-level languages include C++, Java, and Python, while assembly language and Basic are examples of low-level languages.
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Computer languages and generation
Computer languages can be categorized into different generations based on their level of abstraction from machine language. First generation languages are machine languages that use binary, while assembly languages as second generation are closer to machine language with mnemonic codes. High-level languages of the third generation like FORTRAN and COBOL are easier for humans to read and write. Fourth generation languages attempt more natural language programming, and fifth generation use visual interfaces to generate code compiled by lower level languages. The key aspects of a program include variables, statements, keywords, instructions, and the ability to perform tasks through organized lists of commands.
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Computer programming languages allow humans to communicate instructions to machines like computers. The earliest programming languages predated digital computers and were used to direct machines like looms and player pianos. There are thousands of programming languages today across many domains like computer science. Programming languages require specifying computation through imperative forms like sequences of operations or declarative forms. The description of a programming language is split into syntax which defines form and semantics which defines meaning. Some languages have specification documents while others use a dominant implementation as a reference.
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C++ is an intermediate-level, general-purpose object-oriented programming language that was originally called "C with classes" as it had all the properties of C with the additional concept of classes. C is a high-level, general-purpose language that is ideal for developing firmware or portable applications and belongs to the structured, procedural paradigms of languages. Both C++ and C examples print "Hello World."
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The document discusses human and computer languages. It defines computer languages as those that allow users to command computers through algorithms. There are two types of computer languages: low-level and high-level. Low-level languages like machine code and assembly languages provide little abstraction from hardware and are used for first and second generation computers. High-level languages like C, Java, and Visual Basic provide more abstraction and are easier for humans to use. They were introduced for third generation computers.
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Levels of programming languages
Programming languages can be categorized by their level of abstraction from machine language. Low-level languages have minimal abstraction and are closer to machine-understandable binary, while high-level languages are more abstract and user-friendly. Low-level languages map directly to hardware instructions but are difficult for humans, whereas high-level languages require translation to machine code but are easier for programmers. Programs transition between these levels through compilation and interpretation.
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Computer programming languages are categorized into generations based on their level of abstraction from machine language. First generation languages (1GL) use binary and operate at the machine level. Second generation languages (2GL) include assembly languages, which provide basic abstraction over 1GL. Third generation languages (3GL) use high-level statements and require compilers to translate them into machine code. Examples include C, C++, and Java. Fourth generation languages (4GL) resemble human language and are often used for database access, with SQL as a primary example. Fifth generation languages (5GL) incorporate visual programming interfaces to create programs using 3GL or 4GL code.
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This document discusses the history and types of programming languages. It begins by defining a programming language as a set of instructions that tells a machine what operations to perform. It then describes low-level languages like machine code and assembly that are closer to hardware, as well as high-level languages like FORTRAN, LISP, COBOL, C, and Java that are designed to be easier for software developers to write in. It concludes by noting that high-level languages must be translated into machine code by a compiler or interpreter.
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This document discusses the history of computer programming and programming languages from the 1940s to present. It describes how programming has evolved from entering instructions by hand using panel switches, to using assembly languages which were translated to machine code, to the development of high-level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, and LISP in the 1950s. Important programming languages from each decade like C, BASIC, Pascal, C++, Perl, and Java are highlighted. The transition to object-oriented programming in the 1980s and web-based programming in the 1990s represented major innovations.
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This document provides an introduction to computer programming concepts including:
- A programming language is a set of rules that allows communication between humans and computers to perform operations. Different languages have evolved for different types of programs and problem domains.
- Programs are written in high-level languages then compiled or interpreted into machine-readable code. Common language types include procedural, object-oriented, functional, and declarative languages.
- The programming process involves understanding the problem, designing an algorithm, writing source code, compiling for errors, debugging, and executing the program. Flowcharts can help design the program logic.
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Programming basics
- 1. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming Programming Language
- 2. Programming Language • A programming Language is a notational system intended primarily to facilitate human-machine interaction. • The notational is understood both by human and machine. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 3. What is a program? • A program is something that is produced using a programming Language. • A program is a structured entity with Semantics. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 4. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming What is programming?
- 5. What is programming? • Programming is a Science: Because it implement the algorithms describe by mathematics and science. • Programming is a Skill: Because it requires design efforts. • Programming is an Engineering: Because it requires a tradeoffs between program size, speed, time (required for development and debugging) and maintainability among many solutions. • Programming is an Art It requires creativity and employ imagination. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 6. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming Types of programming Languages
- 7. Assembly language • Low-level language that allows a programmer to use abbreviations or easily remembered words instead of numbers. • These Observations are called Mnemonics. These Mnemonic are Opcode and Operands For Example: ADD A +B CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 8. Assembly language • Programmer can write instructions faster but it is still not an easy language to learn. • Drawback: The language is specific to a particular processor family and environment. (Machine Dependent Language) • Assembler – A program that translates the assembly language program into machine language. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 9. High Level languages •A High-Level Language is an English-like language. •Most High-level languages are not Machine Dependent. •Examples of High-level languages: ―C and C++ ―PHP CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 10. Natural Languages • Ordinary Human Languages; like English. • Programming language that use human language to give people a more natural connection with computers. • Natural Languages are designed to make the computer solve a given problem without the programmer. • Develop machines to emulate human-like qualities such as learning, reasoning, communicating, seeing and hearing. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming
- 11. History of C Language • A general-purpose computer programming language. • Developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the UNIX operating system. • Descendant of Ken Thompson’s language “B” • The first C programming language standard was published in 1978 as “The C Programming Language” by Kernighan and Ritchie (K&R). • "ANSI C" was the second C programming language standard published in 1989. • ISO approved “ANSI C” in 1990. • The latest stable release is C11. CSC141 Introduction to Computer Programming