There are three main types of computer languages: 1. Machine language - Understood directly by computers as binary, fast but difficult for humans. 2. Assembly language - Uses mnemonics like ADD instead of binary, easier for humans but still machine-dependent. Requires an assembler to translate to machine language. 3. High-level languages - Are machine independent, use familiar words and symbols, and require compilers or interpreters to translate to machine language. They are easier for programmers but provide less control over hardware.

1. 1. Machine level language
2. Assembly language
3. High-level language
Classification of computer language

2. Machine level language
 Only language of a computer understand by it
without using a translation program.
 Normally written as strings of binary 1s and 0s

3. A typical language instruction
format
 OPCODE tells the computer which operation to
perform from the instruction set of the computer
 OPERAND tells the address of the data on which the
operation s to be performed

4. Advantage
Can be execute very fast
Limitations
Machine Dependent
Difficult to program
Error prone
Difficult to modify

5. Assembly / symbolic Language
 Using alphanumeric mnemonic codes instead of
numeric codes for the instruction in the instruction set.
E.g. using ADD instead of 1110(binary) or 14 (decimal)
for instruction to ADD .
 Allowing storage locations to be represented in the
form of alphanumeric addresses instead of numeric
addresses e.g. representing memory location
1000,1001 and 1002 as FRST, SCND and ANSR
respectively.

6. Assembler
 Software that translates as assembly language
program into an equivalent machine language
program of a computer.
ASSEMBLER
INPUT OUTPUT
Assembly
Languag
e
program
Machine
Languag
e
program

7.  Easier to understand and use.
 Easier to locate and correct errors.
 Easy to modify.
 No worry about addresses.
Advantages of Assembly language over Machine language
Disadvantages of Assembly language
• Machine dependent
•Knowledge of hardware required

8.  Machine independent.
Do not require programmers to know anything about
the internal structure of computer on which high-level
language programs will be executed.
Deal with high-level coding ,enabling the programmers
to write instruction using English words and familiar
mathematical symbols and expressions.
High-level language

9. Compiler
 Translator program (software) that translates a high
level language program into its equivalent machine
language program.
 Compiles a set o machine language instructions for
every program instruction in a high level language.

10. Interpreter
 Interpreter is a high level translator
 Takes one statement of a high level language program
,translates it into machine language instructions.
 Immediately executes the resulting machine language
instructions
 Compiler simply translates the entire source program into
an object program and is involved in its execution.
INTERPRETER
INPUT OUTPUT
High
level
Languag
e
program
Machine
Language
program

11. Advantages
 Machine independent.
 Easier to learn and use.
 Fever errors during program development.
 Better documentation.
 Easier to maintain.
Limitations
• Less flexibility to control the computer’s
CPU, memory and registers

12. THANK YOU