A small presentation about programming languages Examples: Fortran, LISP, COBOL, C, Java

1. Programming
languages
Created by
Olya
Ivanova

2. Can we imagine our lives
without computers?
NI
NO!
We
can’t

3. A programming language is a
set of instructions that
provides a way of telling a
machine what operations to
perform

4. Machine code (or binary code) – simple instructions that are executed
directly by the CPU. Machine code consists of 1s and 0s

5. Lying between machine languages and high-level languages are languages
called assembly languages. They are similar to machine code. Assembly
languages use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MUL to represent
instructions

6. Machine code and assembly languages are called
low level languages because they are closer to
the hardware.

7. To make program easier to write, software
developers designed high-level languages, which are
closer to the English language.

8. Early computers were used almost exclusively by
scientists, and the first high-level language, FORTRAN
[stands for FORmula TRANslation], was developed in
1954 for scientific and engineering applications

9. LISP [LISt Processing] was
developed in the early 1950s;
it has become the standard
language for the artificial
intelligence community

10. COBOL [Common
Business-Oriented
Language], the first
language intended for
commercial applications,
is still widely used.

11. C was developed in the
1980s at AT&T. It’s
used to write system
software, graphics and
commercial applications.

12. JAVA is an object-oriented language similar to C++, which was
designed in 1995 by Sun Microsystems specifically as a network-
oriented language, for writing programs that can be safely
downloaded through the Internet and immediately run without fear
of computer viruses

13. Programs written in high-level languages must be translated into machine
code by a compiler or interpreter.
A compiler translates the source code into object code – that is, it converts
the entire program into machine code in one go.
In spite of compiler, an interpreter translates the source code line by line as
the program is running.

14. Thanks for your
attention