This document provides information on the production technology of litchi fruit crops. It discusses the botanical details of litchi, including its origin in South China. It outlines the soil and climate requirements for litchi cultivation as well as common varieties. Key production aspects such as propagation through air layering, a harvesting time of 55-60 days from flowering, and typical yields are summarized. Finally, it briefly mentions the insect pest Eriophyes litchi and storage rot disease that impact litchi crops.

1. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF
FRUIT CROPS
Production technologies for
the cultivation of litchi
Topic:-

2. CONTENT:-
1. Introduction & origin
2. Geographical distribution
3. Soil & climatic requirements
4. Species and varieties
5. Propagation method
6. Harvesting and yield
7. Physiological disorder
8. Pests and Diseases

4. Introduction & origin
Botanical name :- Litchi chinensis
Family :- sapindaceae
Chromosomal No. (2n) :- 30
Origin :- South China
Uses and composition:-
a) The Chinese use the leaves for making poultice; the seeds are
used for treating skin disorders.
b) Flowers, bark and roots decoction are used for gargling of
throat infection.
c) The fruits are rich in sugars (10-22 %), acid (0.2-0.6 %),
protein- 0.7 %, fat-0.3 % minerals -0.7 %, TSS-20-30 % vit-C-
64mg/100g, pectin-0.4 % etc.

5. Litchi Fruit

6. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
a) It is cultivated in India, Myanmar, West Indies,
Australia, South Africa, Hawaii, Thailand, Mauritius
and Hong Kong.
b) India is the largest producer of litchi in the world
after China and is grown in an area of more than
12,000 ha, area and the important states growing
litchi in India are Bihar, West Bengal. Uttar Pradesh,
Punjab, Haryana, Assam, Tripura, Orissa, Tamil
Nadu and Karnataka

7. Litchi Seeds

8. SOIL & CLIMATIC
REQUIREMENTS
Soil:- It can be grown on a wide range of soils i.e, acidic to
alkaline soils. Acidic soils produce good quality fruits. The pH
range is 5.5-7.0 with adequate soil depth.
Climate:- it is a sub-tropical fruit, high Relative Humidity is
desirable, while hot winds are not favorable for this plant.
However, the rain fall during flowering reduces fruit set.
Successfully grown up to an elevation of 1000m from Mean Sea
Level. The maximum temperature during the flowering period
varies from 210’C 380’C.

9. SPECIES AND VARIETIES
The family sapindaceae and and subfamily Nepheleae has
about 125 genera and more than 1000 species.
The genus Litchi has two species.
1. Litchi. Philippinesis – It is a wild type mostly used as root
stock
2. Litchi. Chinensis - It is a commercial important species.
The other members of the sub family are Euphoria.
longana- Langan/Anshpal-Small fruits, inferior quality.

10. VARIETIES:
THERE ARE LARGE NUMBERS OF LITCHI CULTIVARS
GROWN ALL OVER INDIA.
THE IMPORTANT CULTIVARS RECOMMENDED FOR
DIFFERENT STATES ARE.
BIHAR: SAHI, CHINA, PURBI, ROSE SCENTED,
KASBA.
UTTAR PRADESH: DEHRA DUN, MUZAFFARPUR,
SAHARANPUR.
PUNJAB & HARYANA: SAHARANPUR, DEHRA DUN,
CALCUTTA, MAZAFFARPUR, SEEDLESS LATE, ROSE
SCENTED.
WEST BENGAL, BOMBAY, CHINA, BEDANA, ELACHI
HAAK YIP, TAI SO, WAI CHEE, BREWSTER, GEE
KEE ETC.

11. PROPAGATION METHOD
1. Seed propagated-7-12 years for bearing
2. Vegetative propagation-Air layering(common
and easiest) on 1 year old shoot.
3. Root stock-Litchi philippiensis.
4. Appropriate time for propagation-july to
October.
5. IBA@500ppm (indole-3-butyric acid ) is used
effective rooting in air layering.
6. Other method of propagation-Stooling, apical
grafting, approach grafting, and shield budding.

12. Air layering in litchi

13. HARVESTING AND YIELD
Harvesting :-Litchi is non-climacteric fruit and harvesting to
be done at full mature stage. The tree starts bearing from 3-4
years after planting with proper care and management under
suitable environmental condition and the economic life of the
crop maybe over 100 years. The fruits are harvested during
May and June. The maturity indices are flatness of tubercles
and smoothness of epicarp and colour development (Green-
Pink). It takes about 55-60 days from flowering to harvest. The
whole bunch is harvested manually.
Yield:- About 80-150 Kg of fruits/tree in Indian conditions.

14. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER
Fruit cracking:-
The whole fluctuations in diurnal temperature, heavy
irrigation/rain after prolonged dry spell, hailstorms during fruit
development causes injury to the fruit skin.
To avoid fruit cracking:-
The field to be irrigated during fruit growth and in early
summer. Spraying with 2, 4, D (10ppm), GA3 (20 ppm) and
Boron (0.4 percent) spray reduces fruit cracking

15. PESTS AND DISEASES
Pests :-
Mites- Eriophyes litchi
Symptoms:- Curling of leaves.
Caterpillar:- Inderbella tetroanis
Diseases:-
Storage rot:- Geotrichum candidum

16. Eriophyes litchi

17. THANK YOU
Submitted to :-
Dr. Monika Jain
Submitted By :-
Shubham khichi

18. QUESTION
Q.1) Botanical name of litchi ?
Ans. Litchi chinensis
Q.2) chromosomal no. of litchi ?
Ans. 2n= 30
Q.3) From where litchi is originated ?
Ans. South China
Q.4) In litchi percentage composition of Sugar and protein is ?
Ans. Sugar = 10-22 % , Protein = 0.7 %
Q.5) Write any one use of litchi ?
Ans. The Chinese use the leaves for making poultice; the seeds are used for
treating skin disorders.
Q.6) Which country is largest producer of litchi in World after china ?
Ans. India
Q.7) What is optimum pH for litchi ?
Ans. 5.5-7.0

19. Q.8) What is the required temperature for flowering in litchi ?
Ans. The maximum temperature during the flowering period varies from
210’C 380’C.
Q.9) What are the 2 species of litchi ? Name them ?
Ans. a) Litchi. Philippinesis , b) Litchi. Chinensis .
Q.10) Name any 3 varieties of litchi ?
Ans. Rose Scented, Culcuttia, kasba .
Q.11) How much days it takes from flowering to harvest in litchi ?
Ans. 55-60 Days
Q.12) What is the harvesting yield of litchi ?
Ans. About 80-150 Kg of fruits/tree in Indian conditions.
Q.13) Name ant 2 propagation method used in litchi ?
Ans. Air layering and apical grafting etc.
Q.14) Name the physiological disorder occurs in litchi ?
Ans. Fruit Cracking.
Q.15 ) Name one insect pest and disease of litchi ?
Ans. Eriophyes litchi and disease = Storage rot:- Geotrichum candidum