Hcpt411 plant protection

REPORT ON RHWEP (2016-17)
Guided By :- Submitted By:-
BBBBBY:-BYBY:-
Pt. K.L.S COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE &
RESEARCH STATION , RAJNANDGAON
(C.G.)
Vipin Kumar Patel
RHWEP Student
4TH
year,1st
sem
Dr. P.S. Tiwari/ Dr. Nitin
kumar Turrey
(Horticulture Crop Protection)

Introduction:-
Crop Protection:-
Crop protection refers to the Identification, diagnosis and systematic management of
insect, pests, and disease in the crops.
Plant Protection:-
The term plant protection refers to the measure which are use to protect the crops from
pest and disease.
Importance of plant protection:-
Plant protection has become one of the essential pin put in crops production in the recent
year. In the context of changing cropping pattern. Introduction of high yielding varieties,
application of high dose of fertilizer with enhanced irrigation facilities, and the pest has assumed
a special significance.
Similarly plant disease affects every crop every year in all part of the world this result as to
huge loss of potential production about 46% loss in agriculture produce by insect and disease in
India.
33%
26%
20%
4%
8% 7%
2%
Percentage losses in Global level
Weeds
Disease
Insects
Others
Rodent
Storage losses
Birds
CROP PROTECTION (Entomology and Plant Pathology)

Disease:
According to J.C. Horsnfall and A.E. Dimond (1959) “Disease is a malfunctioning process
that is caused by continuous irritation.”
Plant Disease:
Disease is manifestation of a condition where an animate or inanimate cause interference
with the normal food uptake, synthesis and metabolism in the plant in such a manner, that the
effected plant losses is accepted appearance and productivity.
Integrated pest management:-
Anelt (1958) was the first to coin the expression Intergated pest control recently smith has
defined it us multidisciplinary approach in the management of pest population which utilizes a
variety of control tactics compatibly in a co-ordinated pest management.
Components if Integrated pest Management
1. Cultural method: - e.g.-Crop rotation, trap crop, clean cultivation, time of planting
resistance crop varieties etc.
2. Mechanical method: - e.g.-Hand picking, Banding, Trapping trench, Digging, shaking
and Digging of branches, flooding etc.
3. Physical method: - e.g.- cooling, Heating, Radiation energies.
4. Legal method: - e.g. - Quarantine and inspection laws and Insecticide laws.
5. Biological method: - e.g. - Protection of natural enemies, predators and parasites of pest
and artificial population of such enemies etc.
6. Chemical method: - Use of chemical like Chloropyriphos, monocrotophos, metasystox,
etc.
Brief Idea about mechanical control: - Mechanical control is the method of reduction of
suppression of insect population by means specially designed machines or device.

Mechanical control involves following devices:-
1. Hand collection of insects:- Hand picking of large sizes immature or mature stage of
insects is the most ancient method and this may proper very effective in the collection of
eggs and large of such insect which ay eggs in clusters and feed gregariously e.g. Sugarcane
top borer, pyrilla, hairy caterpillar, grubs are mustard saw fly and various stages of
Epilachna beetle.
2. Hand nets:- Hand nets are usually employed against fly insect. They may be caught vary
easily during their migration, when they are in large number. e.g.-grasshoppers, jassid bugs,
pyrilla and moths etc.
3. Mechanical barriers:- Barriers are used preventing movements of insects which migrate
by moving from one field to another field. Following are the common parasites which are
generally followed:-
a. fencing:- It is possible to prevent crop by migrating insect through use of walls around
the field so that they may not go to another field.
b. Light trap:- Light trap generally used against those insects which are phototropic i.e.
attract towards like. For this purpose a strong light may be place or banged above container
having kerosene containing water.
A large number of insect attract to light will be killed in the kerosinized water.
c. Tree banding:- Adhesive or sticky band around to trunks are use against those insects
which infest tree by climbing the trunks e.g. mango mealy bug.
d. Trenching: - The crawling herbs of army worms may be stopped by constructing deep
furrow around field against their marching way. Trench barriers are also used to stop army
worms.
Table No. 3 – Toxicity of insecticides symbol:-
S.No. Classification Symbol Oral LD50 Dermal LD50
1. Extremely toxic Red
Poison
1-50 (mg/kg) 1-200
2. Highly toxic Yellow Poison 51-500 201-2000

3. Moderately toxic Blue
Danger
501-5000 2001-20,000
4. Less toxic Green
Caution
>5000 >20,000
Table No. 4 - Insect Pests And Disease Of Major Crops Grown By Farmers Of
Nathunawagaon.
S.NO. CROPS DISEASES INSECTS
1. Tomato Late blight, Leaf curl, Fusarium
wilt.
Fruit borer, leaf miner
2. Okra Yellow vein mosaic, Powdery
mildew, Leaf curl, Mosaic,
Damping off
Aphid, Thrips, Shoot, Fruit borer
and Leaf miner
3. Cucurbits Fruit rot, Powdery mildew Red pumpkin beetle, fruit fly
4. Brinjal(egg
plant)
Phomopsis blight, Fruit rot and
Bacterial wilt
Fruit and Shoot borer, Hadda
beetle
5. Mango Anthracnose, Malformation Leaf Hopper
6. Citrus Canker/Dieback Leaf miner, Lemon butterfly
7. Paddy Blast, Brown spot, Sheath blight Stem borer, Leaf folder
8. Maize Blight, Stem rot. Stem borer, Grasshopper.

Table No. 5 -USE OF PESTICIDE AGAINST THE INSECT PEST AND
DISEASE AT FARMER’S FIELD
S.NO. CROP’S NAME NAME OF INSECT CHEMICAL NAME /
MATERIALS
DOSE
1. Pumpkin  Red Pumpkin
Beetle.
 Fruit Fly
Kerosene oil+Ash
Melathion+Jaggery
7ml/Tank.
2. Okra Leaf Spot Disease Mancozeb (Indofil M-45) 1.5-2.0ml/Lit.
3. Okra Aphid & Jassid Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.4ml/ liter water
4. Okra Fruit & Shoot Borer Imamectin Benzoate 5% 0.25gm/Lit.
5. Okra Leaf Curl Dimethoate 30 EC 1.0ml/-Lit.
6. Tomato Leaf Miner Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 1.5ml/-Lit
7. Tomato Fruit Borer Indoxacarb 18.5 0.5ml/Lit
8. Tomato Bacterial wilt 2-Bromo-2-Nitro propane-
1,3-Diol
9. Brinjal Bacterial Wilt 2-Bromo-2-Nitro propane-
1,3-Diol
0.3mg/Lit
10. Brinjal Fruit & Shoot Borer Thiadicarb 75% 2mg/Lit

Table No. 6 - Survey of Pesticides Available in Rajnandgaon Market.
S.
No.
Trade name Chemical
name
Company
name
Formulation Packaging
weight
MRP. Target
pests
1 Imiden Imidoclopride Nagarjuna
Agro-
Chem. Ltd.
17.8% SL 100ml 140 Aphid,
jassid and
sucking
pest
2 Profex Profenophos
cypermethrin
Nagarjuna
Agro-
Chem. Ltd.
40% EC and
4% EC
250ml 172.50 Aphid,
jassid and
sucking
pest
3 Terminator
505
Chlorpyriphos Hindustan
pulverising
mills
50% EC 250 160 Aphid
jassid
white fly
and
tobacco
caterpillar
4 Jadoo
insecticide
Phophamidon Insecticide
India Ltd.
40% SL 100ml 55 Stem borer
of paddy
and
mustard
aphid
5 Monohit Monocrotophos Insecticide
India Ltd.
36% SL 250ml 135 Brown
hopper
yellow
stem borer
shoot fly
pod borer
and leaf
miner
6 Sevin Carboryl Bharat
insecticide
Ltd.
50% WP 500gm 273 Piercing
and
sucking
pest
7 Rogohit Dimethoate Hindustan
pilverising
mills
30% EC 50ml 25 Stem borer
aphid thrips
8 Commando Zinc phosphide Excel crop
care Ltd.
500gm 200 Rats
9 Nuvan Dichlorvos Sungeta
India Ltd.
76% EC 500ml 290 Biting and
chewing
insect
10 Tritox Trizophos Bayer Crop
Science Ltd
40% EC 1 Litre 425/- For
Sucking

Pest
11 Confidor Imidocholroprid Bayer crop
science
17.8% 1 litre 2241 For sucking
pest
Antibiotic
12 Streptocycline Streptomycine
sulphate
tetracycline
hydrochloride
Hindustan
antibiotic
ltd
I.P8%w/w
I.P10%W/W
6gm 421 For
bacterial
disease
13 Kishabt Natural alkaloid
salt of fatty acid
Asian
biochemical
vijaywala
- 250ml 900 Chilli
cotton
tobacco
tomato
14 Dipel 8L Varkurstaki
No-1
serotype 3a
ab,3sec
Sumilomo
chemical
india
gujrat
35%ec 1 litre 1175 Cotton boll
warm
Herbicide
1 Glycel Glyphoset Excel crop
care Ltd.
40% SL 1 litre 305 Doob grass
2 Sathi Pyrazasulfuron
ethyle
United
phosphorus
Ltd.
10% WP 80gm 224 All grasess
3 Round up Glyphoset Monsanto
India Ltd.
41% SL 500ml 170 Doob grass
and narrpw
leaf grass
4 Magic Nitrobenzin Puja By
product
raipur
24% W/W 250ml 140 PGR
5 Dul 2,4-D sodium
salt
Excel crop
care Ltd.
80% 500gm 150 Broad
leave weed
6 Verdict Metribuzin Pi 70% wp 1 kg 950 Tomato
7. Selector imazathypr Fino india 10%SL
Broad
leaves
weed
Fungicide
1 Bavistin Carbendazim BASF India
Ltd.
50% WP 250gm 175 Fungal
disease
mostly for
seed treat
ment
2 Blitox Copper
oxychloride
Tata rollis
India Ltd.
50% WP 500gm 225 Smut and
anthrecnose

3 Diathane M-
45
Mancozeb United
phosphorus
Ltd.
75% WP 250gm 102 Blight
brown spot
blast black
rust
4 Cumulus Culphus BSF India
Ltd.
30% WDG 500gm 200 Powdery
meldew
5 Saff carbendazim
mencozeb
Hindustan
pulverising
Mills
63% WP 100gm 70 Blast and
leaf spot

Demonstration no. 1
Title: - Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50WP and Imidacloprid 70% WG.
Date:-
Place:- In field of Shri Mahavir Verma , Vill.- Nathunawagaon, Rajnandgaon,
Participated Farmers:- Shri. Mahavir Verma.
Name of Crop:- chilli,
Required Material: - Seed, Carbendazim 50WP, Polythene Sheet, Earthen pot/Plastic container
Method: -
 We done seed treatment of cowpea.
 Firstly wear gloves and take seeds in a plastic tub than take Carbendazim 50WP @
2gm / Kg of seeds.
 Sprinkle water to make a single coat of fungicide and than 1 gm of insecticide
admire (Imidacloprid) for 1 Kg of seeds.
 After mixing the seeds properly dry seeds in shade for 30 min. and then done
sowing of seed should be done in field.
Benefits: - To prevent from seed borne insects and diseases initially.
Result:-
Seed treatment was found effective against seed borne disease and sucking pests
attack.
Farmer’s feedback-
 Farmers adopted the carbendazin 50WP and Imidacloprid treatment before sowing of
seed.
 Farmers accepted this technology.
 Safety precautions while handling insecticides and pesticides such as- Wearing gloves,
mask etc. were also given during the demonstration.


Fig.- Method of Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50WP and Imidacloprid 70% WP
Demonstration no. 2
Title:- Method Demonstration In Nursery Bed Treatment with formalin.
Date :-16/08/2016
Place :- Nathunawagaon, (Rajnandgaon)
Materials Required: -4% Formalin, water, transparent polythene sheet, Hazara, mug.
Method:-

Raised nursery bed was prepared
Before treating the nursery bed was cleaned, big clods, gravel, stones, crop residues etc.
were removed.
Wear gloves
10 times dilute 40% Formalin solution to make it 4%.
Now Drench the Nursery bed with 4% Formalin solution and immediately cover the bed
with 200 gauge thick transparent polythene sheet for 24-48 hrs.
Polythene should be removed and nursery bed kept open for at least 2-3 days before
sowing seeds.
Benefits: - All pathogen, insects, insects eggs, larvae weed should killed the formalin effect.
Advantages:-
 Germination percentage was improved.
 No weed problem was seen.
 No insect and disease problem was observed.
Farmer’s Response: - Farmers were interested and ready to use this technique.
They were didn’t know the technique of seed treatment earlier so they were happy with this
technique.
Fig.- Preparation of Raised nursery bed

Fig.- Nursery Bed Treatment with 4% Formalin
Demonstration no. 3
Title: - Demonstration on Preparation of dried cow dung powder based Trichoderma
formulation for field demonstration.
Date:- 21/10/2016
Place:- Nathunawagaon, (Rajnandgaon)
Materials Required:-
 1 litre culture of Trichoderma on PDA.
 1.5-2 kg dried cow dung powder.
 Ladle (for mixing)
 Jug, tray (for mixing)
 Ethyl alcohol 70% (for surface sterilization)

 Poly bags (25×30cm)
 Candle (for sealing poly bags)
 Match box
 Marker, paper, scissor, gloves, tape etc.
Method:-
 Hands, tray, ladle, Jug and table top were sterilized with 70% alcohol.
 15 days old culture of Trichoderma on PDA was taken in a jug mixed thoroughly with a
ladle.
 Now 2 kg dried cow dung powder in a tray was taken and culture of Trichoderma was
poured uniformly in it and was mixed thoroughly.
 Prepared formulation was packed in (25×30 cm) 4 polybags and was sealed wiyh the help
of candle.
 Details of the culture, date of preparation etc. was pasted with the help of paper, scissor
and marker.
 This formulation was given to farmers for field demonstrstion.
Fig.- Mass production of Trichoderma

Demonstration no. 4
Title: - Demonstration on yellow sticky trap for control of sucking insect (Aphid).
Date: - 01/10/2016
Place: - Nathunawagaon, (Rajnandgaon)
Participated- Chanu Verma.
Materials required: - Tin sheet, yellow paint, brush, grease/oil, bamboo stick, wire.
Method:-
1. Tin sheet can also be prepared by cutting tin oil can.
2. Paint the tin sheet completely on both sides with yellow paint by using brush.
3. Dry properly the sheet. Make hole on upper side of sheet to tie the sheet with bower of
the crop so that the sheet should be at the same he
4. Paint the sheet with grease/oil to give a coat of grease on the sheet so that insects can
easily be stick to the sheet.
5. Now place the sheet in the field at the same height of the crop. Trap can be placed either
with attaching bamboo stick or by tying to the bower with the help of wire.
6. This is very good, cheap, easy, ecofriendly and effective method to control minute
sucking insect.
Advantages:-
1. Easy and cheap method to control aphid.
2. They act as vector for spread of viruses which causes disease like yellow mosaic. So
through this spreading of disease can be control.
Farmer’s Response:-

 Farmers were interested and ready to use this technique.
 Farmers were satisfied with this technique for the control of sucking insect and as it also
control the mosaic disease which was severe problem in Mohad.
Fig:- Establishment of Light Trap at Host farmer’s field

Demonstration no. 5
Title: - Preparation of Bordeaux mixture.
Date:- 15/10/2016
Place:- Nathunawagaon, Rajnandgaon.
Participated Farmer: - Shri. Jivan lal Verma.
Required materials:-
S.No. materials Quantity
01. Copper sulphate 200 gm
02. Unslaked lime 200 gm
03. Water 25 liter
04. Plastic container/ earthen pot 3
05. Bamboo stick (for mixing) 1
06. Rust free iron nail 1
( For 4:4:50 solution)
Methods of Preparation:-
1. The required copper sulphate Cuso4 (200gm) was dissolved in a plastic container in 12.5
litter water.
2. 200 gm uncloaked lime was taken in another plastic container, water was sprinkled and
then dissolve in 12.5 litter water. Both solutions were mixed with same flow in another
bucket.
3. It Takes green colour.

4. A nail test was done: rust free iron nail was dipped in the solution to checK free copper
ions if present. If brown deposits appears in the dipped surface of nail then, more lime
must be added to neutralize the solution otherwise it will be toxic to plant.
Precaution:-
1. Take the proper amount of lime and cuso4 that it should not be toxic to the plant.
2. Cuso4 and lime should be dissolved in water properly.
3. Dissolve Caso4 and lime should be mixture in same flow.
Result:-
We demonstrated the use and preparation of Bordeaux mixture to group of farmers and
also in management of die-back in citrus plant.
Result Demonstration:-
After two weeks of its application in the citrus plant new growth of stem were
completely free from canker. Differentiating result was seen among the sprayed and unsprayed
trees. Therefore a result demonstration was also given to the farmers.
Farmer’s Response:- Farmers were interested and ready to adopt this technique.

Demonstration no. 6
Title:- Oyster Mushroom Production technique Of Training Programme.
Date:-26-27/9/2016
Place: Nathunawagaon Rajnandgaon
Participated Farmer: - women of NNG.
Required material:-
Sr.no. Material required Quantity
1 Spawn (Pleurotus florida) 500gm.
2 Paddy straw 2.5 Kg.
3 Water 25litre
Hot water, Polythene bags ,
Procedure demonstrated as:-
 The paddy straw was chopped into 1.5-2 inch length & then dipped in water for you
15-16 hours.
 After 15-16 hours water was drained out and again hot water was poured and kept for
1 hours then drain out water and paddy straw was placed inverted in slanting position
in cemented floor upon polythene sheet and palm test was done.
 Like wise 4 layer of straw and 3 layer of spawn is placed alternative in the polythene
bag and tightly tight with rope.

 We performed mushroom cultivation method by layer method.
 In this method we had taken 2 inch thick layer treated straw and then selected/ chosen
oyster spawn is spread over the straw along the sides.
 After completion of complete spawn remove of polythene bag. And irrigation should
be applied for maintain moisture level in bag.
 After completion of spawn run in 20-25 days. The polythene bag was removed and 3
times irrigation was given.
 Pin head stage was observed after 4-5 days. Again after 4-5 days mushroom was ready
to harvest.
 The total produce from 5 Kg straws will be about 4-5 Kg.
Precaution: -
 Dry straw should be well chopped.
 Contamination should be avoided in the procedure.
Farmer’s feedback: - Farmers were interested on this production technique and farmers of
NNG were adopted this.

Demonstration no. 7
Title:- Seedling dip of vegetables in the dried cow dung powder formulation of Trichoderma.
Date:- 5/11/2016
Place:-Nathunawagaon, Rajnandgaon
Farmers participated:- Shri. Chanu Vrma
Material required:-
 Powdered Trichoderma.
 Seedling of vegetable.
 Plastic container/mug/bucket.
TECHNIQUE:-
 In a plastic container /mug /bucket, 10g of talk formulation of Trichoderma is taken and
one litter of water is added to it.
 The suspension is mixed thoroughly and used for seedling dips.
 Seedling of tomato which was ready for transplanting was taken and dipped in
Trichoderma suspension for a minute.
 About one litre of the Trichoderma suspension was used for dipping the seedling
required for one acre. Seedling dip should be done just before transplantation. Similarly
the seed potato bits and banana suckers can be dipped in the Trichoderma suspension for
disease control.
Precaution:-

 Use gloves, face mask and protective clothing.
 Seedling dip should be done just before transplantation.
 Similarly the seed potato bits and banana suckers can be dipped in the Trichoderma
suspension for disease control.
Farmer’s response:-
 Most of farmer’s had knowledge about the Trichoderma Bio-Fungicides but they where
not about the write quantity of Trichoderma Bio-fungicide apply in the field and also did
not know about ”How to used bio fungicides”. After this demonstration farmer’s
response is very good.
 And farmers were ready to adopt this technique.

Fig.- Seedling treatment of cow dung powder formulation of Trichoderma.
Demonstration no. 8
Title:- Preparation of Neem Leaf extract.
Date:- 17/9/2016
Place:- Nathunawagaon, Rajnandgaon.
Farmers participated:- Shri. Chanu Verma.
Materials required:- 1Kg. Neem leaf, 2 litre clean water, one tea spoon detergent.
Method:-
Take 1000gm Neem leaves
↓
Boiled in 2liter water
↓
Boiled it until extract become1/4th part
↓
Remove the leaves and filter boiled solution
↓
In boiled solution add 10-15 liter water during the spray
↓

Then after add 100 ml insecticide and one tea spoon washing powder for sticky.
↓
Mixed properly then after spray of crops.
Result:-
We demonstrated about Neem extract to group of to farmers for management of biting
and sucking insect.
Farmer’s feed back:-
Farmers found that the use of Neem based insecticides is an effective control measure. It is
economical and eco friendly but show us that it gives very slowly effect on crop.

Fig.- Preparation of Neem Leaf extract.
Demonstration no. 9
Title: - Demonstration on establishment of light trap at farmer’s field.
Date:- 04/09/2016
Place:- Nathunawagon, Rajnandgaon
Farmers participated:-Chanu Verma.
Information given to farmer’s:-
Light traps make use of a light source to attract night- flying insects. They are especially
useful to monitor certain species of moths. Catching moth in the light trap will tell the farmer’s
that is time to start searching for eggs or caterpillars in the field.
Different light source can be used, ranging from simple oil lamp to different types of
electric bulbs. Special light sources called back- light have been developed and are particularly
efficient because of the type of the light they emit. They should be considered in situations when
other light sources (houses, street lights) or competing with the traps.
While the light source attracts the insects, traps need other device to kill or capture them.
often this is a container with water that is placed under the light source. The moths that circle

around the light will trap in the water and can be counted the next morning. It is recommended to
add a bite of soap to the water. Instead of water, it is also possible to used sticky plates.
Suitable type of light trap used in field:- Evening 07 pm to 10 pm.
Advantage:-
 Reduce the insect pest(adult) population in field.
 Light traps are generally used a monitoring tools and will not have much insert as a
control measures.
 It is a mechanical control of insect.
 Less the insect population into economic thresh sold (ETL).
 Disturb the life cycle of insect.
Disadvantage:-
 Daily observation of traps will show that not only pest insects but also some natural
enemies may be caught. If the trap appear to kill large number of beneficial insects it is
better to take out the traps.
Farmer’s response: - Farmer’s show interest about these technology & adopt this technique.
CONTROL MEASURE SUGGEST TO FARMERS ON THE BASIS OF
PEST POPULATION/DAMAGE
Name of student: -Vipin kumar, Name of farmer:- Toran Verma
Name of crops /variety: - Indian bean, Date of sowing:-05/10/2016.
Control measure Suggest control measure Adopted/not adopted
Cultural control Summer deep Ploughing
,Resistance variety, Sanitation
Adopted
Physical control Seed Thermal treatment
soil Solarization.
Not. Adopted
Chemical Seed Treatment,
use of Insecticide
Adopted
Biological Use of Bio-fungicide, Natural
Plant insecticide
Adopted

Machanical Use of Traps, Hand Net Not Adopted
Demonstration no. 10
OBJECT: -Safehandlingof insecticides/fungicides/herbicides-precaution in use
and storage.
Village –Nathunawagaon
Farmer’s Name:- Shri Rohit Chandrawanshi, Ghanshyam Dube, Arun Netam,
Nandkumar Porte, Melau Ram, Ganpat Markam, Ramavtar.
Farmer Practice: -
Farmer never uses any precautionary measures while spraying the pesticides.
Technical Advice: -
Following precaution should be taken while spraying: -
 Spraying should be avoid during raining condition.
 Proper stirring of spray fluid during operation.
 Application spray should be accurately timed with pest population reaching at its climax.
 Stomach poisons should be applied to cover every bit of leaf, fruit surface, succulent
bulbs and stem.
 Check the sprayer and its parts before and after the use. Metal part should be thoroughly
oiled to avoid rusting.
 Pesticides should be kept out of reach of children and livestock.
 All nuts and bolts should be tight and leakage should be checked before use.
 All moveable part of the equipment should be property oiled and greased.

 Never fill more than three-fourth part of the container with the pesticide in use.
 Maintain proper air pressure to release smooth spray material.
Farmer’s feedback: -
Farmers are interested to adopt this precaution practice in the future.
Object: - To giving information to about bird perches in soybean field.
Village: -- Chandaini & Saliha
Farmer’s Name: - Shri Rohit Chandrawanshi, Ghanshyam Dube, Arun Netam,
Farmers practice: -
Generally farmers does not use this practice in the field.
Introduction: -
The birds are the potent predator on the larvae & insects. “T” bird perches for providing
sitting VILLAGE to different bird fauna in field under the biological control of insect pest. Bird
perches are the wooden structure which kept horizontally or vertically in certain distance
randomly field at a rate of 5 bird perches in per acre.
Note: - Bird perches should be demoted at the time of grain filling in the crops.
Advantage: -
 Reduces the cast of cultivation
 Avoid the excessive use of chemical insecticide.
 It is eco-friendly and maintains the sustainability.
Technical Advice given: -

Bird perches should be removed from the field at the time of grain filling in the crop.
Farmer’s feedback:-
Farmers appreciate to adopt this practice in future.
OBJECT :- Identification of insect/pest of important kharif crops raised by the
host farmer & assessment of their economical threshold level
(ETL).
Economic threshold level (ETL) :-
“The density at which control measures should be applied to prevent an increasing pest
population from reaching the economic injury level. The economic threshold always represents a
pest density lower than that of the economic injury level to allow the initiation of control
measures so they can take effect before the pest density exceeds the economic injury level.”
INSECT/PEST
S.NO. NAME OF CROP NAME OF INSECT E T L
1. Rice Stem borer 1 – 2 caterpillar/m2
Gundhi Bug
Leaf folder 2 caterpillar/plant
2. Soybean Girdle beetle 2 caterpillar/plant
Tobacco caterpillar 1-3 caterpillar
/plant

Bihar hairy caterpillar (BHC) 2 caterpillar/plant
3. Sugarcane Stem borer 1 – 2
caterpillar/plant
White fly 6 – 8/leaf
Object: - Giving information about current insecticides available in the market and their uses.
VILLAGE :- Nathunawagaon
Farmer’s name: - Shri Rohit Chandrawanshi, Ghanshyam Dube, Arun Netam,
Table. Insecticides available in the market and their uses
Trade Name Technical Name Crops Insects Controlled Dosage
Admire Imidacloprid WG Rice Sucking Pest -
Jassids, Whitefly,
Thrips, Aphids, BPH
& Other Soil Pests
Sucking
pest@40 -
50gm/Ha.
Confidor Imidacloprid SL Okra,
Sugarcane,
Mango, Rice,
Citrus,
Groundnut,
Chilli,
Sucking Pest -
Jassids, Whitefly,
Thrips, Aphids, BPH
& Other Soil Pests
Sucking
Pest @100
to 125
ml/Ha,
Mango
Hoppers@2-
4 ml/Tree,
Sunflower
& Veg -

@100ml/Ha
Fame Flubendiamide
480SC
Rice,
Chickpea
All Lepidopteron
pests
Rice
@37.5ml -
50ml/ha
Regent Flubendiamide
480SC
Rice All Lepidopteron
pests
Rice
@37.5ml -
50ml/ha
ROKET Profenofos 40% and
Pyrethroid
Cypermethrin 4%
Rice, Chilies,
Vegetable,
crops, Beans,
pulses,
Citrus
Plant and leaf
hoppers, leaf roller,
hispa, army worm,
climbing worm
Shoot/fruit borer,
diamond backmoth,
cabbage looper,
caterpillar, Leaf
miner, thrip, aphid.
Pod borer girdle
beetle, stem fly,
spodoptera & hairy
caterpillar,
semilooper. Leaf
miner, psylla,
butterfly, mite
@1 - 1.5
Liter per ha
MAXIMA Thiamethoxam 25 %
WG
Rice, Chilies,
Vegetables,
Mango
Gall midge, Leaf
Folder, Brown Plant
Hopper (BPH), White
backed plant hopper
(WBPH), Green leaf
hopper, Thrips,
Aphids, Jassids,
White Fly
@40
gm/acre
Coragen Chlorantraniliprole
18.5% SC
Sugarcane,
Cabbage,
Brinjal, Rice,
Vegetables,
leaf folder Stem
borer, Fruit & Shoot
borer, semilooper,
top borer, termite,
@60- 80
ml/acre

Tomato Pod borer etc.
Cartap S,S'-[2-
(dimethylamino)-
1,3-propanediyl]
dicarbamothioate
Rice,
Vegetables,
Soybeans,
Wheat,
citrus fruit,
sugarcane
Particularly
Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera),
@ 0.4-1.0
kg/ha
Farmer’s Feedback: - They are satisfied and very happy with our suggestion. They told that
they defiantly use this insecticide in future.

OBJECT: - An Organization of Demonstration on rodent control.
Village: -- Nathunawagaon
Introduction: -
Rats are gnawing animal belonging to order Rodentia they are unwelcome associated
mankind from time immemorial. They cause a colossal loss all over the world. It is estimated
that these animals destroy 30% of total world’s cereals production.
Some common species of are: -
1. House rats (Ratus ratus)
2. Field rats (Ratus mestada)
3. Lesser bandicoot (Bendicota indica)
4. Indian gerbil (Tatera indica)
Control measures: -
Method of control of field rats: -As for as possible control operation should be taken up before
sowing the crops. This operation may be accomplished in 5 days, in such way-
First Day : - Survey and closing of burrows.

Second Day : - Pre-baiting
Third Day : - pre-baiting
Fourth Day : - Baiting with 2% Zink phosphate @ 15-20 gm/burrow.
Fifth Day : - Fumigation with Quickphos tablet @ 0.6-0.8gm/burrow.
Result : - Mostly rats die.
Farmer’s feedback: -
Farmer’s appreciated the method of Rodent management.
Object: - Demonstration of grease bandingon mangotree.
Village: -- Nathunawagaon
Introduction: -
Mango mealy bug is difficult to control by insecticides and chemicals. Use of sticky
bands is a popular way to prevent crawling nymphs from climbing up the trees.
Chemical required: -
1. Resin- 300gm
2. Castor oil- 200ml.
3. Polythene sheets.
4. Plastic rope.
Preparation method: -
1. Mixing the above chemical 3:2 proportions.
2. Heating at 10 minutes till it get and turn in to adhesive paste.

Application method: -
1. Appling the grease paste around the trunk of the tree one meter above the ground surface.
2. Rapping the polythene sheet around the grease paste applied area and tying the both end
with the rope tightly.
Advantages: -
1. Reduce the pest population.
2. Identified the presence of insect with in the field.
3. Mechanical control of insects.
4. Mealy bug not cross the mango stem.
FARMER’S RESPONSE:-
Farmer’s shows interest about this technology.
Object: - Demonstration on preparation of pesticidespray solution and methods
of application.
Material Required: -
 Fungicide
 Water
 Measuring cylinder
 Container/bucket
 Body protecting clothes & gloves
Formula: - Dose of pesticide=
% of spraying solution × Quantity of spraying solution
Active ingredient
Fungicidal solution is denoted in percent which means parts in hundred: -
1. 0.05% denoted :-
0.05gm fungicide in 100 ml water.
So, 0.5 gm fungicide in 1 liter water.
2. 0.25% denoted: -
0.25gm fungicide in 100 ml water.

So, 2.5gm fungicide in 1 liter water.
Precaution duration preparation of pesticide solutions:-
 The fungicide should be prepared at recommended concentration.
 A separate knife should be used for opening the pesticides bags or container.
 For mixing solutions, hand should never be used.
 Always use protecting cloths like boot, rubber gloves, goggle and face.
 Destroy and burn empty fungicide container and never use for storage of food stuff or
beverage.
 Keep the pesticides away from children’s
 Destroy the empty container.
FARMER’S FEEDBACK:- Farmer’s were agree to adopt this methods.
Fig:- Preparation of soloution

Object: Giving information about current fungicide and antibiotics available in market
and their uses.

Village :- Nathunawagaon
Table
Trade name Chemical name Crop Disease Controlled Dosage
Folicur Tebuconazole 25
EC
Groundnut Tikka, Rust 250-
350ml/acre
Chilli Die Back, Anthracnose,
Spots
Paddy Sheath Blight
Nativo 75 wp Tebuconazole 50%
+ Trifloxystrobin
25% w/w
WP
Rice Sheath blight, Leaf blast &
neck blast, Glume
discolouration (dirty
panicle
Rice - 200
g/ha
Bayleton Triadimefon 25 WP Mango
Chillies
Pea
Wheat
Soybean
Downey Mildew
Rust
Rust
Rust
0.5-
1gm/litre of
water
Kocide Copper Hydroxide
77% WP
Chili Anthracnose, Cercospora
leaf spot,
Tikka disease, False smut
200- 250
gm/acre
Curzate Cymoxanil 8% +
Mancozeb 64%
WP
Potato, ,
Tomato
Cucumber
Late blight, Downy
mildew
500gm/acre
Jatayu Chlorothalonil 75%
WP
Paddy Blight, Neck Rot, Sheath
Blight, False smut
150-200
g/acre (1.5-
2g/lt.)Groundnut Tikka Leaf Spot, Rust
Vegetables Anthracnose,
Cucurbits Downy Mildew
Agni Tricyclazole 75%
WP
Paddy Blast(specific) 100
gm/acre

Object: To Giving information about control of leaf curl disease of chilli.
Village: - Nathunawagaon
Causal agent :- chilli leaf curl virus.
Transmission of virus:- White fly(Bamisia tabaci).
SYMPTOMS:-
The symptoms consists of abaxial and adaxial curling of leaves accompanied by
puckering and blistering of inter-veinal area and swelling of veins. In advance stages of the
disease axillary buds are stimulated to produce clusters of leaves which are reduce in size.
CONTROL:-
The affected plants should be removed and burnt. Spray of metasystox (repeatedly)
6ml in 9 liters of water, before fruit set is practiced to control the insect vector population. Such
spray should not be carried after fruit setting starts.
Farmer’s Feedback:-
Farmer’s are agreed to adopt this technique for control leaf curl in chilli

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