Blood parasites have been subject of extensive research since the beginning of the 20th century. The presence of haemoparasites in animals is very common. In this presentation I presented the most common parasites. Dr. Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar DVM, M.Phil CMS University of Agriculture Faisalabad

1. Haemoparasites of Animals
Dr. Fakhar-e-Alam
DVM, M.Phil CMS
University of Agriculture Faisalabad

2. Haemoparasites
Anaplasma marginale
Babesia bigemina
Theileria annulata
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma evansi

3. Babesia
bigemina
Theileria
annulata
Leishmania
donovani
Trypanosoma
evansi
Anaplasmosis Babesiosis Theileriasis Leishmaniasis Trypanosomiasis
Anaplasma
marginale

4. Transmission
• Blood sucking
insects
• Dehorning,
Vaccination
• Host (RBCS)
Anaplasma
marginale
• Through ticks
namely
Bhoophilus,
Rhipicephalus,
Lxodes, Ricinus.
Babesia
bigemina
• Nymph and adult
ticks of
Rhipicephalus,
Appendiculatus.
Theileria
annulata
• Through the saliva
of the vector i.e
sand fly
(Phlebotomus sps)
Leishmania
donovani
• Bites of flies,
Tabanus,
Lyperosia,
Stomoxys etc.
Trypanosoma
evansi

5. Clinical Signs
Constpation with dark blood with mucus, Emaciation and frequent urination
but no haematuria or Haemoglobinuria, In late pregnancy, animal may abort.Anaplasma marginale
Babesia bigemina
Enlargement of regional superficial lymph nodes especially prescapular lymph
nodes with high temperature, Haemorrhagic patches may occur in the mucosa,Theileria annulata
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma evansi
Fever, Haemoglobunuria, Jandice, ‘Pipe stem’ faeces, May involve ataxia,
paddling of limbs and coma.
Dullness, intermittent fever and progressive anemia.
Rise in temperature, loss of weight, anemia, enlargement of lymph glands,
Ascites and paralysis may be seen.

6. Diagnose
Anaplasma marginale Babesia bigemina Theileria annulata
Leishmania donovani Trypanosoma evansi
Blood smear. Rod, Coma shaped organisms are
seen in the RBC. Koch’s Blue Bodies in RBCs in
the fluid obtained from a
superficial lymph gland with a
long needle.
Parasite in the fresh blood by their motility at
40X. The organism can be detected in the stained
blood smears.
The only reliable means of diagnosis is
by demonstration of parasite in the
peripheral blood.
Blood smear. Dotted shaped
organisms are seen in the RBC.

7. Blood Smear Technique
The equipment you will need includes:
1) 2 glass slides
2) Immersion oil
3) Blood sample
4) Microscope
Technique:
Use 45º Angle

8. Fixation & Staining
1 • Fix with methyl Alchol and then leave for dry.
2 • Put Eosin on slide for 3 minutes
3 • Wash with Rinsing Solution
4 • Put Gention Violet on slide for 3 minutes
5 • Wash with Rinsing Solution
6 • Wash with Tap water and then leave for dry
7 • Observe Under Microscope

9. Anaplasma Marginale

10. Babesia Bigemina

11. Theileria Annulata

12. Leishmania Donovani

13. Trypanosoma Evansi

14. Treatment
Dimanazene aceturate
3.5mg/kg.b.wt deep
intramuscular.
Supportive therapy is
by giving 20% Dextrose
@ 0.5g/kg b.wt I/V and
B-complex injection.
Trypanosoma
evansis
AmBisome is the only
FDA-approved drug for
the treatment of
visceral leishmaniasis
in the United States.
Leishmania
donovani
Bupavarqunone
1ml/20kg.b.wt- I/M.
Supportive therapy
with 20% dextrose @
0.5g/kg b.wt I/V, B-
complex and
hematanics should be
under taken.
Theileria annulata
Imidocarb
Dipropionate
intramuscularly or
subcutaneously at a
rate of 6.6 mg/kg
(3 mg/lb) body weight.
Repeat the dose in two
weeks, for a total of
two treatments.
Oxytetracycline @
10mg/kg.b.wt- I/M or
I/V for 5 days can be
tried if the drug of
choice is not available.
Supportive therapy
with Dextrose 20%-
1litre- I/V and
haematinics should be
considered.
Babesia bigemina
Imidocarb
Dipropionate
intramuscularly or
subcutaneously at a
rate of 6.6 mg/kg
(3 mg/lb) body
weight. Repeat the
dose in two weeks,
for a total of two
treatments
Oxytetracycline @
10mg/Kg.b.wt I/V or
I/M for 3 to 5
days.use of B-
complex and
haematenic drugs
are recommended
Anaplasma
marginale