The document discusses proper procedures for sample preparation and transportation for laboratory analysis. It covers sampling of water, feed, poultry sheds, and animals. Key points include taking water samples from the water source, collecting feed samples in sterile containers, using sterile swabs to sample surfaces in poultry sheds, and following aseptic techniques when sampling organs from animals. The document also outlines packaging and transportation requirements to prevent contamination and preserve sample quality during transport.

1. Preparation and transportation of
samples to laboratories

3. Background
Laboratory analyses are an essential feature of intensive poultry
production since they play an important role in diagnosing,
investigating and confirming disease.
The quality of the analysis work conducted is directly dependent on
the quality of the sampling technique and on the sample taken.
The samples must be taken as soon as possible after the start of the
disease: as the time between sampling and the appearance of the
first signs of infection is shortened, so the chances of isolating the
pathogen are improved.

4. WATER
Where to take water samples
Samples must be taken at the water meter, from a tap or near to the borehole for a
private supply (well, lake, etc.).
How to take samples
Wash your hands and forearms thoroughly.
Use a sterile glass bottle (0.5 to 1 liter) for bacteriological analyses – Use a glass or
plastic bottle for chemical analyses (1 to 5 liters).
Sterilize the tap and the neck of the bottle with a flame.
Let 15 to 20 liters run through before taking the sample.
Fill the bottle completely, without touching the tap.
Close and seal the bottle immediately, making sure that you do not touch the water
with your fingers.

5. THE FEED
 The feed is analyzed in order to check both its nutritional quality and to
detect and identify the presence of toxic substances or pathogens.
 The quantity of feed to be sampled and the total number of samples varies
depending on the size of the group and on the distribution of the substance
or pathogen being investigated.
 For example, the growth of mycotoxins is not uniform in a batch of feed or
raw materials. Several 100 to 200-gram samples must therefore be taken of
(2 to 5 per tone of feed) so as to increase the probability of detection.

6. MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF POULTRY SHED
The investigation of micro-organisms is performed:
Between two production cycles, after cleaning and disinfecting the building,
so as to check the quality of these operations and so that they can be
repeated, if necessary, if the results are not satisfactory.
During rearing, notably to detect specific micro-organisms (Ex. salmonella).
 Swab samples: Sterile swabs can be used to test the level of microbial
contamination on various surfaces of poultry shed, such as cooling pad,
exhaust fan, feeder, drinker, ceiling, curtain, floor, birds, etc.

7. Fig. Swab samples
collection from bird
and poultry shed

8. EXAMINING AND TAKING SAMPLES FROM ANIMALS
1. Necrospsy
The necropsy is a key diagnostic element for poultry. It is performed with a view
to revealing lesions, which are often characteristic of certain diseases, and to
enable samples to be taken for bacteriological or histopathological analyses.
2. Blood samples
Serological, hematological, biochemical or toxicological studies can be carried
out on blood samples (serum or plasma).
3. Samples of organs or tissues
The samples must be taken in strict respect of asepsis and cleanliness
procedures so as not to contaminate the sample with foreign micro-organisms.

9. TRANSPORTING SAMPLES AND ANIMALS
The packaging and transportation of animal samples must satisfy two
objectives, they must :
1. Prevent any contamination of the persons responsible for transporting or
receiving and then opening the parcels.
2. Preserve the quality of the biological substances so that the samples can
be used by the laboratory.
They must be accompanied by all the information (The information sheet)
necessary to focus the examinations or to enable an accurate diagnosis to be
made.

10. Packaging
Dead animals :
The standard postal services are not allowed by law to transport dead animals.
Other carriers must be contacted.
Live poultry:
First of all check that the carrier agrees to transport live animals (and, if
necessary, that they are authorized to do so).
Sending samples
Sending biological substances internationally is generally regulated, or even
forbidden depending on the countries involved.
Samples should not be sent just before a weekend or a national holiday
unless the carrier can guarantee that the transportation of the parcels will be
unaffected during these periods.

11. Serological tests
There are 3 main classes of antibody or immunoglobulin (Ig) :
• IgM, which appear soon after the first infection, but are short-lived.
• IgG, which appear at a later stage, but persist for a fairly long time.
• IgA, also known as secretory immunoglobulins, which are produced mainly
on the surface of the respiratory or digestive mucosa and are then involved in
local protection.

14. Basic requirements for a Laboratory:
Micro Oven,
Digital Balance –0.001 & digit,
Water Distillation Unit,
Hot Plate With Magnetic Stirrer,
Crude Protein Determinate,
Muffle Furnace,
Desiccators,
Soxhlet Apparatus,
Grinding Mill,
Colorimeter,
Spectrophotometer,
PH Meter, etc.

15.  Provide assurance of accurate results
 Competitive price
 Maintain confidentiality of test
 Quick report
 International standard
 Fully air-conditional and hygienic
Operate by skilled personnel
Equipped with modern instruments, etc.
The Laboratory should:

16. Poultry disease diagnostic laboratory in Bangladesh
AG Agro: Poultry Disease Diagnostic Lab
Nourish Poultry Disease Diagnostic Lab
Quality Poultry Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Paragon Poultry Laboratory
Kazi Poultry Disease Diagnostic and Feed Analyses Lab
Bio Lab
Aftab Poultry Diagnostic Lab
Bay-Agro Nutrition Lab
DLS
BLRI
BAU, etc.

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18. Thank you very much.