This document summarizes the key differences between in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro refers to experiments performed outside of a living organism in artificial laboratory conditions, such as cell cultures or test tubes. In vivo experiments are conducted within living organisms under natural physiological conditions. Some key differences highlighted are that in vitro experiments are less expensive and faster but also less precise, while in vivo can provide more accurate results but are more time-consuming and costly. Examples of each type of experiment are also provided.

1. Presented by :-
Avinash V. More
B.Tech. (Cosmetics)
Guided by :-
Prof. Dr. K. R. Biyani sir
M. Pharm., Ph.D., D.P.P.M.
ANURADHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, CHIKHLI
DIST- BHULDHANA
DEPARTMENT OF COSMETICS
ANURADHA SANT GADGE BABA AMRAVATI UNIVERSITY, AMRAVATI

2.  In biology, the term “in situ” means that the examination and observation of
a rare occurrence takes place where it occurs. Subjects are examined in
position and are not moved to another tool or channel. An example is the
observation of dolphins at sea. They are observed where they are found and
are not moved to an aquarium or other container which is more convenient.
In cell science, in situ can mean something in between in vivo and in vitro.

3.  “In vivo” is a Latin word which means “within the living.”
 It is the experiment or observations done on the living tissue of the whole
living organism in a controlled environment.
 In vivo experiments are done in the organism’s natural environment or in the
organism itself.
 It is done in a living organism and not in a dead or partial one.
 It is found to be more suited on experiments done on organisms that are
alive.
 One example is clinical testing or a clinical trial which can be a controlled
testing of a new drug or device on human subjects. The subjects are given
the drugs and are observed for a certain period of time.

4.  Another is animal testing which is an experiment which is done on animals
usually rats, birds, frogs, and other animals. In vivo experiment involve
experimentation using whole leaving organism. Eg. Use of madel organism
such as rabbit, mice, apes etc. where the drugs are directly injected into
body(drug testing). So in in vivo experiments, conditions are not manipulated or
controlled.
 Precise cellular conditions are present in these studies.
 In medicine, clinical trials and animal testing are performed in vivo to analysis
overall effects of the experiments.
 In in vivo experiments, living cells or animal models are used. In vivo studies
are crucial for the development of medical devices, surgical instruments,
procedures and novel therapeutics.

5.  “In vitro,” is a Latin word that means “within the glass.” Therefore the studies
which are done outside the living organism, inside glass (test tubes or Petri
dishes) are known as in vitro studies.
 It is the experiment or observations done on the tissue outside of the living
organism in a controlled environment, usually using Petri dishes and test
tubes.
 Most experiments in cellular biology are done through in vitro studies and
are not conducted in the organism’s natural environment or inside a living
organism. This results in the limited success of the experiments in simulating
the actual conditions inside an organism and makes its outcome less
precise.

6.  The term in vitro is used in cell biology to explain the techniques which are
performed in a controlled environment outside a living cell or organism.
 In in vitro experiments, researchers optimise the conditions very similar to
cellular conditions to study the actual activities. However, in
vitro experiments have less success due to the inability to provide the
precise cellular conditions of the cells or the organisms under laboratory
conditions.
 In in vitro processes, conditions are artificial and they are reconstructions
of in vivo environments. Artificial conditions are formed by mixing the
necessary components and reagents under controlled conditions inside a
glassware in the laboratory.

7.  Compared to in vivo experiments, it is less expensive and provides quicker
results.
 In vitro experiment involve experimentation outside the whole living
organisms in a controlled laboratory conditions. Eg. Cell culture experiment
in petri dish or some experiment in test tube.
 Most of the molecular, biochemical experiments are carried out in vitro in the
labs to test.
 In vitro methods are widely used in pharmaceutical industry to produce large
scale pharmaceuticals using microorganisms due to its ease of production
and economic benefits.

8. In Vitro vs In Vivo
Experimental models “within the glass”. Experimental
procedures performed outside the living cells are
known as in vitro experiments. Such conditions are
artificial conditions provided by the researcher.
Experimental models “within the living”. Experiments
done within the living cell or organism are known
as in vivo experiments.In vivo experiments happen
under precise cellular conditions.
Examples
Cell culture experiments in Petri dishes, experiments
in test tubes, etc. are examples.
Use of model organisms such as mice, pig, rabbit,
apes etc. are examples
Cost
This is less expensive. They are more expensive to perform.
Time
This provides quick results. They are time-consuming.
Accuracy
This is less precise than in vivo experiments. This is more precise than in vitro experiments.
Limitations
They have fewer restrictions. They have more restrictions.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO?

10.  http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-in-vivo-and-
in-vitro/#ixzz52cbmzVb6
 http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-in-vitro-and-vs-in-
vivo/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vivo
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro