Problems with adverb clauses
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This document discusses different types of connecting words between clauses and sentences: FANBOYS conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions (also called adverbial expressions or subordinators), and logical connectors. It provides examples of each type and explains their grammar rules. FANBOYS combine two complete sentences into a compound sentence, while subordinators introduce an adverb clause to form a complex sentence. Logical connectors begin a new sentence to logically connect it to the previous sentence.
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2. Types of relative pronouns including who, whom, whose, that, which, when, where, why.
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Here are phrase structure trees for the sentences:
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S
NP VP
Det N VP
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found Det N
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NP VP
Det N VP
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in Det N
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S
NP VP
Det N VP
The boat V PP
sailed P NP
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5.applying socrates method in grammar sessions
The student specifies that they need help with adjectives. The tutor checks the student's prior knowledge on adjectives by having them identify adjectives in sample sentences. The tutor then explains what adjectives are and provides examples of adjectives being used to modify nouns. The tutor uses a "show-share-see" method to help the student understand adjectives by having them identify adjectives in more sentences and providing feedback. However, the ESL student finds the activity too difficult and ends the session.
Xii transformation of sentences part 2 129-revised
Here are the responses with added independent clauses:
1. I finished my homework, and __I went outside to play__.
2. The dog barked loudly, but __the owner did not hear it__.
3. We went to the beach, or __we could have gone to the park__.
4. I ate an apple, so __I was not hungry for lunch__.
5. She studied all night, nor __did she get enough sleep__.
ANCHOR
Very good students.
You have done it correctly.
Now let us do one more exercise.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
EXERCISE 2
Identify the type of each sentence - simple,
Kinds of sentence structure
In this slide, i would like to introduce what is a sentence. Then, i gonna tell all of you about kind of sentence in English and how to organize it.
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This document provides guidance on identifying and correcting run-on sentences and sentence fragments. It defines complete sentences, run-on sentences, and sentence fragments. Strategies are presented for correcting run-on sentences, such as using periods, coordinating conjunctions, semicolons, or subordinating clauses. Sample sentences are given with explanations of the errors and corrections. Practice activities with answer keys allow the reader to apply the concepts and improve sentence structure skills.
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Sentence types
The document provides examples and explanations of different types of sentences, including simple, compound, complex sentences and the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions to join clauses. It discusses how to identify errors in sentences using paired conjunctions and how to combine sentences using different conjunctions to create compound and complex sentences.
Sentence types
The document provides examples and explanations of different types of sentences, including simple, compound, complex sentences and the use of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions to join clauses. It discusses how to identify errors in sentences using paired conjunctions and how to combine sentences using different conjunctions to create compound and complex sentences.
FCE-B final project
This document provides a summary of grammar concepts including:
1. Question forms including direct and indirect questions.
2. Prepositions of place, time, and movement.
3. Present simple and present continuous tenses as well as modifiers used to describe actions.
4. Types of comparison, reflexive pronouns, and the use of "own".
5. Narrative tenses, time conjunctions, and modal verbs including "used to" and "would".
Syntax
This document provides an overview of syntax, including different types of adjectives, adverbs, clauses, and transformations. It defines key syntactic concepts like modification, constituents, coordination, subordination, and relative clauses. It also describes different types of adjectives, adverbs, clauses and their functions in sentences. Finally, it briefly discusses structural description, structural change, and some common transformation rules.
Sentence structure
The document discusses different types of sentences: simple, compound, and complex. A simple sentence contains one subject and one predicate. A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by a conjunction. A complex sentence contains one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The document provides examples and explanations of each sentence type to illustrate their structures and formation.
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Xii transformation of sentences part 2 129-revised
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Problems with adverb clauses
- 1. Questions about Adverb Clauses Notes from class on Wednesday, October 16
- 3. FANBOYS are different from adverbial expressions = subordinating conjunctions = subordinators
- 4. Two different grammatical categories of words. They have different grammar rules and punctuation.
- 5. Conjunctions = FANBOYS 1) Combine two complete sentences 2) Comma before the conjunction
- 6. I’ve studied this, but I still don’t understand it very well. BART keeps threatening to go on strike, but they haven’t yet.
- 7. It was noisy outside, so we closed the door. Are you going to grade this draft of our paper, or can we do another draft?
- 8. Two sentences combined with a FANBOYS is a compound sentence.
- 9. There are only seven FANBOYS, but there are many, many subordinators = subordinating conjunctions= adverbial expressions
- 10. Here are some examples: because, even though, if, since, although, u nless, whereas, only if, when …
- 11. We use a subordinator to begin an adverb clause. Some teachers call this a subordinate clause.
- 12. Two sentences combined with a subordinator is called a complex sentence.
- 13. Examples: I studied hard because I wanted to get an “A.” You should always go to bed when you are tired. I can’t sleep although I am tired. Notice that there are no commas.
- 14. BUT you can move the adverb clause: Because I wanted to get an “A,” I studied hard. When you are tired, you should always go to bed. Although I am tired, I can’t sleep. Notice that there are COMMAS when the adverb clause is first.
- 15. UNTIL can be a subordinator OR a preposition: All the quizzes in Moodle will be open until we take the the midterm exam. (subordinator combines two sentences to make complex sentence.) All the quizzes in Moodle will be open until the midterm exam. (Now, “until” is a preposition followed by a noun.)
- 16. SINCE can be a subordinator OR a preposition: I have known how to read since elementary school. (preposition) I have known how to read since I was four. (subordinator)
- 17. Notice that subordinator since has two different meanings: I have known how to read since I was four. (Time beginning in the past and continuing in the presents) I stayed up late since I wanted to find out if BART would be on strike today. (because)
- 18. Unless is tricky: Unless the tickets cost too much, we’ll go to the game next Saturday. A sentence with unless can also be said with if by changing the main clause affirmative negative If the tickets cost too much, we won’t go to the game next Saturday.
- 19. Unless is tricky: Unless I have no money, I will go to China next year. = If I have no money, I won’t go to China next year. = I have money, I will go to China next year.
- 20. More examples with unless: It is a subordinator that combines two complete sentences to make a complex sentence. I will not pass the quiz unless I study hard. = Unless I study hard, I won’t pass the quiz. I will not miss a class unless I have a good reason.
- 21. There is a THIRD category of connecting words called LOGICAL CONNECTORS or SENTENCE CONNECTORS. There are, many, many of them. Most of them are used more in formal writing than in conversation.
- 22. EXAMPLES: therefore, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, nonetheless, as a result, also, in addition, for this reason, in fact, on the bright side, on the negative side, meanwhile THIS HAVE A DIFFERENT PUNCTUATION RULE:
- 23. LOGICAL CONNECTORS begin a sentence, and show a logical connection with the sentence that came before it. The BART negotiations are very difficult. Therefore, they are dragging out for days.
- 24. You can replace a period with a semicolon. The BART negotiations are very difficult; therefore, they are dragging out for days.
- 25. BE CAREFUL! OK The BART negotiations are very difficult; therefore, they are dragging out for days. The BART negotiations are very difficult. Therefore, they are dragging out for days.
- 26. BE CAREFUL! NOT OK **The BART negotiations are very difficult, therefore, they are dragging out for days. **The BART negotiations are very difficult therefore they are dragging out for days.
- 27. BE CAREFUL! Notice that in many cases, you use the present tense in an adverb clause, even though you are talking about something in the future.
- 28. FOR EXAMPLE: When I save enough money, I will get a new car. I will meet you for coffee after I finish my homework. I will wait for the boss until he comes.