The document discusses various techniques for combining sentences, including using key words, phrases, compound subjects/verbs, and longer sentence structures. Some examples provided are combining sentences with adjectives like "Kelly's beaded necklace sparkles", with adverbs as in "Tomorrow I am going to a sleepover", and using phrases such as "Mrs. Brown, our next-door neighbor, makes the best cookies on the block." The techniques of combining sentences can make writing more detailed and cohesive.
Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence)
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Types of Sentences: Structural
Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
The dog barked.
The baby cried.
Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon.
St. George played well and won the game.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
It expresses a single complete thought.
A simple sentence is a single independent clause.
A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb.
Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb
The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled.
It may have a compound verb:
The dog howled and barked.
It may have a compound subject and a compound verb:
The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
(1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so):
The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
(2) a semicolon:
The dog barked; the cat yowled.
(3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences
are being treated as items in a series:
The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit
chewed.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
A. When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after
they finished studying.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to
sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted
to Harvard University.
D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris,
is visited by millions of tourists annually.
The underlined part is the independent clause.
Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence)
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Types of Sentences: Structural
Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
The dog barked.
The baby cried.
Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon.
St. George played well and won the game.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
It expresses a single complete thought.
A simple sentence is a single independent clause.
A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb.
Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb
The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled.
It may have a compound verb:
The dog howled and barked.
It may have a compound subject and a compound verb:
The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
(1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so):
The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
(2) a semicolon:
The dog barked; the cat yowled.
(3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences
are being treated as items in a series:
The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit
chewed.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
A. When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after
they finished studying.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to
sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted
to Harvard University.
D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris,
is visited by millions of tourists annually.
The underlined part is the independent clause.
A Proper Understanding of the Punctuation Marks enables Impressive Writing. English Grammar considers these marks as the most significant for Correct Writing. Remember, a Punctuation Mark can
a simple description of what a paragraph is, its features, and some guidelines on writing paragraphs.
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A Proper Understanding of the Punctuation Marks enables Impressive Writing. English Grammar considers these marks as the most significant for Correct Writing. Remember, a Punctuation Mark can
a simple description of what a paragraph is, its features, and some guidelines on writing paragraphs.
useful to teach students of any age group the art of writing paragraphs.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Combining Sentences
Sentence combining is making one smoother,
more detailed sentence out of two or more
shorter sentences.
Combining with key words
Combining with phrases
Combining with longer sentences
3. Combining with KEY WORDS
Use a key word:
Ideas included in short sentences can be
combined by moving a key word from one
sentence to the other.
4. Use an adjective
Short sentences:
Kelly’s necklace sparkles.
It is beaded.
Combined with an adjective:
Kelly’s beaded necklace sparkles.
5. Try it!
Short sentences:
The women always have to wait in a line.
The line is long.
Combined with an adjective:
The women always have to wait in a long line.
6. Use an adverb
Short sentences:
I am going to a sleepover.
I ‘m going tomorrow.
Combined with an adverb:
Tomorrow I am going to a sleepover.
7. Try it!
Short Sentences:
You are supposed to sit on the bus.
You are supposed to sit quietly.
Combined with an adverb:
You are supposed to sit quietly on the bus.
8. Use a series of words or phrases
Short sentences:
The reading teacher is organized.
The reading teacher is funny.
The reading teacher is helpful.
Combined with a series of words:
The reading teacher is organized, funny,
and helpful.
9. Try it!
Short sentences:
On Thanksgiving, we have turkey.
We also have stuffing.
We also have gravy.
Combined with a series of words:
On Thanksgiving, we have turkey, stuffing, and
gravy.
10. REMEMBER!
All of the words or phrases in a series should be
parallel (stated in the same way).
Otherwise, the sentences will be unbalanced.
Incorrect: My dog is friendly, playful, and he is
smart, too. (The modifiers in the series are not parallel.)
Correct: My dog is friendly, playful, and
smart. (All the words in the series are single-word adjectives.
They are parallel.)
11. Correct it!
Incorrect:
We can hike, ski, or we can snowboard down
the mountain, too.
Correct:
We can hike, ski, or snowboard down the
mountain.
12. Combining with PHRASES
Use phrases:
Ideas from short sentences can be combined
into one sentence using phrases.
13. Combined with a prepositional
phrase
Short sentences:
Our cat curls up.
He curls up on top of my homework.
Combined with a prepositional phrase:
Our cat curls up on top of my homework.
14. Try it!
Short sentences:
He signed his name.
He signed it on a football.
Combined with a prepositional phrase:
He signed his name on a football.
15. Combined with an appositive
phrase
Short sentences:
Mrs. Brown makes the best cookies on the
block.
Mrs. Brown is our next-door neighbor.
Combined with an appositive phrase:
Mrs. Brown, our next-door neighbor, makes the
best cookies on the block.
16. Try it!
Short sentences:
Sam wants to be a professional baseball
player.
He is my brother’s best friend.
Combined with an appositive phrase:
Sam, my brother’s best friend, wants to be a
professional baseball player.
17. Use compound subjects and/or
compound verbs
A compound subject is two or more subjects
connected by a conjunction.
A compound verb is two or more verbs
connected by a conjunction.
18. Combined with a compound
subject
Short sentences:
Jamie danced around the room.
Mary danced around the room, too.
Combined with a compound subject:
Jamie and Mary danced around the room.
19. Try it!
Short sentences:
Sue rode her horse today.
Scott rode his horse today.
Combined with a compound subject:
Sue and Scott rode their horses today.
20. Combined with a compound verb
Short sentences:
Janet skated onto the pond.
She made a perfect figure eight.
Combined with a compound verb:
Janet skated onto the pond and made a perfect
figure eight.
21. Try it!
Short sentences:
My teacher dropped her glasses.
My teacher laughed.
Combined with a compound verb:
My teacher dropped her glasses and laughed.
23. Use compound sentences
A compound sentence is made up of two or
more simple sentences joined together. The
conjunction and, but, or, nor, for, so, and yet
are used to connect the simple sentences.
Remember to place a comma before a
conjunction!
24. Use compound sentences
Simple sentences:
My dog has hair hanging over his eyes.
He looks just like a dust mop.
Combined with and:
My dog has hair hanging over his eyes, and he
looks just like a dust mop.
25. Try it!
Simple sentences:
Mary wrote a book about the seasons.
It was interesting.
Combined with and:
Mary wrote a book about the seasons, and it
was interesting.
26. Use complex sentences
A complex sentence is made up of two ideas
connected by a subordinating conjunction
(because, when, since, after, before, though,
although, if, unless, when, where, while, etc.).
A complex sentence can also be combined by
a relative pronoun (who, whose, which, and
that).
27. Combine sentences using a
subordinating conjunction
Simple sentences:
My friend shares her lunch with me.
She doesn’t like what her dad packs.
Combined with because:
My friend shares her lunch with me because
she doesn’t like what her dad packs.
28. Try it!
Simple sentences:
We took the elevator to the second floor.
The stairs were closed for repairs.
Combined with because:
We took the elevator to the second floor
because the stairs were closed for repairs.
29. Combine sentences using a relative
pronoun
Simple sentences:
Very cold weather closed school for a day.
The cold weather came down from Canada.
Combined with which:
Very cold weather, which came down from
Canada, closed school for a day.
30. Try it!
Simple sentences:
Jack ran all the way to school.
Jack was late this morning.
Combined using who:
Jack, who was late this morning, ran all the
way to school.