Explains about problem solving concepts

1. Problem Solving

2. Meaning and Definition
Meaning – It is a process of identifying problems,
analyzing causes, and finding solutions.
Definition : “Problem solving is the process of
overcoming difficulties that prevent the organization
from achieving its objectives.”
It combines rational analysis with creative thinking.

3. Nature / Characteristics
• • Goal-oriented and systematic.
• • Continuous and information-based.
• • Requires judgment and creativity.
• • Involves decision-making.
• • Applicable at all levels of management.

4. Steps in Problem Solving
Identify the Problem
1 ️
1️⃣
- Recognize that a problem exists.
- Distinguish symptoms from actual causes.
Define and Diagnose the Problem
2️⃣
- Collect and analyze information.
- Determine scope, intensity, and root cause.

5. Steps in Problem Solving
Develop Alternative Solutions
3 ️
3️⃣
- Generate multiple ideas through brainstorming.
- Encourage creativity and innovation.
Evaluate the Alternatives
4️⃣
- Assess cost, feasibility, and risks.
- Use cost-benefit analysis and decision trees.

6. Steps in Problem Solving
Choose the Best Alternative
5 ️
5️⃣
- Select the most suitable and practical solution.
Implement the Solution
6️⃣
- Communicate, allocate resources, and monitor progress.
Review and Feedback
7 ️
7️⃣
- Compare actual vs. expected results.
- Take corrective action if necessary.

7. Techniques Used in Problem
Solving
• Brainstorming – Generates creative ideas in groups.
• Delphi Technique – Expert opinions gathered in rounds.
• SWOT Analysis – Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,
Threats.
• Cause-and-Effect Diagram – Identifies root causes.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis – Compares costs with benefits.
• Simulation – Tests solutions virtually before implementation.

8. Example
Problem: High employee turnover in a software company.
• Diagnosis – Poor work-life balance.
• Alternatives – Flexible timings, recognition, better pay.
• Best Solution – Introduce flexible work hours.
• Implementation – Pilot program for 6 months.
• Result – 25% reduction in turnover and higher satisfaction.